HISTORY P2 
GRADE 12
JUNE 2016
NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE

INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION

1. This question paper consists of SECTION A and SECTION B based on the prescribed content framework in the CAPS document.
   SECTION A: SOURCE-BASED QUESTIONS
   QUESTION 1: CIVIL RESISTANCE, 1970s TO 1980s: SOUTH AFRICA
   QUESTION 2: THE COMING OF DEMOCRACY TO SOUTH AFRICA AND COMING TO TERMS WITH THE PAST
   SECTION B: ESSAY QUESTIONS
   QUESTION 3: CIVIL RESISTANCE, 1970s TO 1980s: SOUTH AFRICA: THE CRISIS OF APARTHEID IN THE 1980s
   QUESTION 4: THE COMING OF DEMOCRACY TO SOUTH AFRICA AND COMING TO TERMS WITH THE PAST
2. SECTION A consists of TWO source-based questions. Source material that is required to answer these questions will be found in the ADDENDUM.
3. SECTION B consists of TWO essay questions.
4. Answer TWO questions as follows:
   4.1 At least ONE must be a source-based question and at least ONE must be an essay question.
5. When answering questions, candidates should apply their knowledge, skills and insight.
6. A mere rewriting of the sources as answers will disadvantage candidates.
7. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this question paper.
8. Write neatly and legibly.

SECTION A: SOURCE-BASED QUESTIONS
Answer at least ONE question from this section.
QUESTION 1: HOW DID THE PHILOSOPHY OF BLACK CONSCIOUSNESS IMPACT ONTHE SOWETO UPRISING OF 1976?
Use Sources 1A, 1B and 1C to answer the questions that follow.
1.1 Read Source 1A.
1.1.1 Explain the concept Black Consciousness in your own words. (1 x 2) (2)
1.1.2 Why were the younger generation of 'coloured' people attracted to the philosophy of Black Consciousness? (Perspective 1) (1 x 2) (2)
1.1.3 According to the philosophy of Black Consciousness, why do you think the term 'Black' was a direct challenge to the apartheid term 'non-white'? (Perspective 1) (1 x 2) (2)
1.1.4 Quote FOUR aims of the Black Consciousness Movement as contained in the source. (Perspective 1) (4 x 1) (4)
1.1.5 In what ways, do you think, did the policy of apartheid deprive black South Africans of their pride and dignity? (Perspective 2) (2 x 2) (4)
1.1.6 How, according to Biko, must a 'black man' change? (Perspective 2) (2 x 2) (4)
1.2 Refer to Source 1B.
1.2.1 Explain why the philosophy of Black Consciousness was regarded as a threat by the apartheid regime. (Viewpoint 1) (2 x 1) (2)
1.2.2 How, according to the information in the source, did the philosophy of Black Consciousness influence the Soweto Uprising of 1976? (Viewpoint 1) (2 x 2) (4)
1.2.3 How did the following people view participation in the political struggle:

1. Mathabane (2 x 2) (4)
2. Young activist (2 x 2) (4)

1.2.4 Compare Viewpoints 1 and 2. Explain how these viewpoints differ regarding the philosophy of Black Consciousness in the Soweto Uprising of 1976. (2 x 2) (4)
1.3 Study Source 1C.
1.3.1 Name any TWO demands as contained in the placards carried by the students of Soweto. (2 x 1) (2)
1.3.2 Explain the usefulness of this source to a historian studying the Soweto Uprising of 1976. (2 x 2) (4)
1.4 Using the information in the relevant sources and your own knowledge, write a paragraph of about EIGHT lines (about 80 words) explaining the impact of the philosophy of Black Consciousness on the Soweto Uprising of 1976. (8)
[50]

QUESTION 2: DID THE TRUTH AND RECONCILIATION COMMISSION (TRC) HEAL SOUTH AFRICA FROM ITS DIVIDED PAST?
Use Sources 2A, 2B, 2C and 2D to answer the questions that follow.
2.1 Read Source 2A.
2.1.1 Explain the following historical concepts in your own words:

1. Retributive justice (1 x 2) (2)
2. Restorative justice (1 x 2) (2)

2.1.2 Give TWO reasons why the process of the TRC was so significant to Desmond Tutu. (2 x 1) (2)
2.1.3 Why was Tutu in favour of 'restorative justice'? (1 x 2) (2)
2.1.4 Comment on the usefulness of this source to a historian undertaking research on the benefits of restorative versus retributive justice. (2 x 2) (4)
2.2 Study Source 2B.
2.2.1 Explain the messages that the cartoonist convey regarding the Truth and Reconciliation Commission. (2 x 2) (4)
2.2.2 What was implied by Tutu's statement: 'We have to open up those festering wounds to cleanse them – it'll hurt, but you'll feel much better afterwards.'? (2 x 2) (4)
2.3 Compare Source 2A and Source 2B. Show how these sources support each other regarding the work of the TRC. (2 x 2) (4)
2.4 Use Source 2C.
2.4.1 In which area of the country did the most human rights violations occur? (1 x 1) (1)
2.4.2 Name the year in which the most gross human rights violations occurred in Soweto. (1 x 1) (1)
2.4.3 Explain why there was a sudden increase in human rights violations after the release of Nelson Mandela. (2 x 2) (4)
2.4.4 How, do you think, will statistics in this source help historians to understand the violence that occurred in the country before the 1994 elections? (2 x 2) (4)
2.5 Consult Source 2D.
2.5.1 Explain how the Cradock Four were killed. (1 x 2) (2)
2.5.2 Comment on the attitude of the daughter of one of the Cradock Four towards the killers of her father. (1 x 2) (2)
2.5.3 Why, according to Tutu, was it essential to forgive through the TRC? (2 x 2) (4)
2.6 Using the information in the relevant sources and your own knowledge, write a paragraph of about EIGHT lines (about 80 words), explaining how the Truth and Reconciliation Commission healed South Africa from its divided past. (8)
[50]

SECTION B: ESSAY QUESTIONS
Answer at least ONE question from this section.
QUESTION 3: CIVIL RESISTANCE, 1970s TO 1980s: SOUTH AFRICA
Explain to what extent PW Botha's attempts to reform the policy of apartheid in the 1980s was a success. Use relevant examples to support your answer. [50]
QUESTION 4: THE COMING OF DEMOCRACY TO SOUTH AFRICA AND COMING TO TERMS WITH THE PAST
South Africa's road to democracy was riddled with widespread challenges and insurmountable (unbeatable) obstacles.
Do you agree with the above statement? Support your answer with relevant examples. [50]
TOTAL: 100