HISTORY PAPER 2
GRADE 12
NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE
SEPTEMBER 2018

INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION

1. This question paper consists of SECTION A and SECTION B based on the prescribed content framework in the CAPS document.
   SECTION A: SOURCE-BASED QUESTIONS
   QUESTION 1: CIVIL RESISTANCE, 1970s TO 1980s: SOUTH AFRICA
   QUESTION 2: THE COMING OF DEMOCRACY TO SOUTH AFRICA AND COMING TO TERMS WITH THE PAST
   QUESTION 3: THE END OF THE COLD WAR AND A NEW WORLD ORDER, 1989 TO THE PRESENT
   SECTION B: ESSAY QUESTIONS
   QUESTION 4: CIVIL RESISTANCE, 1970s TO 1980s: SOUTH AFRICA:
   THE CRISIS OF APARTHEID IN THE 1980s
   QUESTION 5: THE COMING OF DEMOCRACY TO SOUTH AFRICA
   COMING TO TERMS WITH THE PAST: NEGOTIATED SETTLEMENT AND THE GNU
   QUESTION 6: THE END OF THE COLD WAR AND A NEW WORLD ORDER: THE EVENTS OF 1989
2. SECTION A consists of THREE source-based questions. Source material that is required to answer these questions may be found in the ADDENDUM
3. SECTION B consists of THREE essay questions.
4. Answer THREE questions as follow:
   4.1 At least ONE must be source-based question and at least ONE must be an essay question.
   4.2 The THIRD question can either be a source-based question or an essay question.
5. You are advised to spend at least ONE hour per question.
6. When answering questions, candidates should apply their knowledge, skill and insight.
   You will be disadvantaged by merely rewriting the sources as answers.
7. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this question paper.
8. Write neatly and legibly.

SECTION A: SOURCE-BASED QUESTIONS
Answer at least ONE question, but not more than TWO questions, in this section. Source material to be used to answer these questions is contained in the ADDENDUM.
QUESTION 1: HOW DID STEPHEN BANTU BIKO AND HIS PHILOSOPHY OF BLACK CONSCIOUSNESS INFLUENCE BLACK STUDENTS IN THE 1970s?
Study Sources 1A, 1B, 1C and 1D and answer the questions that follow.
1.1 Refer to Source 1A.
1.1.1 Why, according to the source, were black South Africans so receptive to the ideas of Black Consciousness? (1 x 2) (2)
1.1.2 Define the following historical concepts in your own words:

1. Apartheid
2. Black Consciousness (2 x 2) (4)

1.1.3 Explain how the National Party’s apartheid policy influenced the growth of the Black Consciousness Movement (BCM). (2 x 2) (4)
1.1.4 Name the organisation that Biko formed when he broke away from NUSAS. (1 x 1) (1)
1.1.5 Comment on the statement that ‘Biko had no issue with white people per se’. (2 x 2) (4)
1.2 Study Source 1B.
1.2.1 Identify the place where Pikoli met Biko for the first time. (1 x 1) (1)
1.2.2 What, according to the source, happened to those who were involved in the BCM activities? (2 x 1) (2)
1.2.3 Using the information in the source and your own knowledge, explain why Steve Biko and Barney Pityana were arrested by the special branch at the BCM meeting. (1 x 2) (2)
1.2.4 What, do you think was the impact of the ideas of the BCM on students like Vusi Pikoli? (1 x 2) (2)
1.2.5 Explain the usefulness of this source to a historian studying the reaction of the apartheid state towards the ideas of the BCM. (2 x 2) (4)
1.3 Read Source 1C.
1.3.1 According to the source, what was the underlying reason that caused the students from Soweto to embark on a march? (1 x 2) (2)
1.3.2 State the number of people that died during the Soweto Uprising. (1 x 1) (1)
1.3.3 Comment on what you think was implied by the statement, ‘If we must do Afrikaans, Vorster must do Zulu’. (2 x 2) (4)
1.4 Consult Source 1D.
1.4.1 What, according to the slogan on the poster, were the students unhappy about? (1 x 1) (1)
1.4.2 What can you learn from the photograph about the learner’s attitude towards the imposition of Afrikaans as the language as medium of instruction? (2 x 2) (4)
1.5 Compare Sources 1C and 1D. Explain how the information in Source 1C supports the evidence in Source 1D regarding the Soweto Uprising of 1976. (2 x 2) (4)
1.6 Using the information in the relevant sources and your own knowledge, write a paragraph of about EIGHT lines (about 80 words) explaining how Stephen Bantu Biko and his philosophy of Black Consciousness influenced Black students in the 1970s. (8)
[50]

QUESTION 2: HOW DID THE TRUTH AND RECONCILIATION COMMISSION (TRC) DEAL WITH THE ASSASSINATION OF CHRIS HANI?
Study Sources 2A, 2B, 2C and 2D to answer the following questions.
2.1 Study Source 2A.
2.1.1 Who, according to the source, was Chris Hani? (1 x 1) (1)
2.1.2 Define the term amnesty in the context of the TRC. (1 x 2) (2)
2.1.3 What political party did Clive Derby-Lewis and Janusz Walus belong to? (1 x 1) (1)
2.1.4 Why, according to the source, did the TRC refuse amnesty to Clive Derby-Lewis and Janusz Walus? (1 x 1) (1)
2.1.5. Using the information in the source and your own knowledge, explain why the Committee’s findings stated that the applicants’ actions were not in line with their party. (2 x 2) (4)
2.2 Consult Source 2B.
2.2.1 Who, according to the source, was the leader of the Conservative Party (CP)? (1 x 1) (1)
2.2.2 What, according to the source, was the official policy of the CP in relation to killing people or using violence? (1 x 2) (2)
2.2.3 Quote any TWO pieces of evidence from the source to show that Clive Derby-Lewis did not act on behalf of the CP. (2 x 1) (2)
2.2.4 Using the source and your own knowledge, explain why the CP was involved with mobilisation plans. (2 x 2) (4)
2.3 Read Source 2C.
2.3.1 What evidence in the source suggests that Clive Derby-Lewis applied for clemency? (1 x 2) (2)
2.3.2 Quote TWO reasons from the source that Lewis and Walus used as reasons to kill Chris Hani. (2 x 1) (2)
2.3.3 Explain why you think the CP wanted to ‘take over the government of the country’. (2 x 2) (4)
2.3.4 Explain the usefulness of this source to a historian studying the TRC’s reaction to the amnesty application of Chris Hani’s killers. (2 x 2) (4)
2.4 Use Source 2D.
2.4.1 Explain why you think this photograph was taken. (2 x 2) (4)
2.4.2 Comment on the slogan written on the posters carried by the SACP supporters. (2 x 2) (4)
2.5 Compare Sources 2C and 2D. How does the information in Source 2C support the evidence in Source 2D regarding the application for parole? (2 x 2) (4)
2.6 Using the information in the relevant sources and your own knowledge, write a paragraph of about EIGHT lines (about 80 words) explaining how the Truth and Reconciliation Commission dealt with the assassination of Chis Hani. (8)
[50]

QUESTION 3: WHAT WAS THE EFFECT OF GLOBALISATION ON SOUTH AFRICA?
Study Sources 3A, 3B, 3C and 3D to answer the following questions.
3.1 Read Source 3A.
3.1.1 What, according to the source, was the main aim of GEAR? (1 x 1) (1)
3.1.2 Identify any TWO capitalist features of GEAR from the source. (2 x 1) (2)
3.1.3 Name the TWO organisations in the source that did not agree with the ANC’s GEAR programme. (2 x 1) (2)
3.1.4 What, according to the information in the source, was the main reason for the SACP and COSATU not agreeing with ANC ideology? (1 x 1) (1)
3.1.5 Using the information in the source and your own knowledge, explain why the alliance partners felt betrayed by the ANC. (2 x 2) (4)
3.2 Study Source 3B.
3.2.1 What, according to Alec Erwin, prompted South Africa’s industries to ‘wake up and think’? (2 x 1) (2)
3.2.2 Explain why mining is important for the South African economy. (2 x 2) (4)
3.2.3 List any TWO products from the source that are significantly fuelling the South African mining industry. (2 x 1) (2)
3.2.4 Using the information in the source and own knowledge, explain how the South African mining industry benefit from globalisation. (2 x 2) (4)
3.3 Consult Source 3C.
3.3.1 Who, according to the source, is being drowned by globalisation? (1 x 1) (1)
3.3.2 Explain the messages that are conveyed by the cartoonist about globalisation. Use the visual clues in the source to support your answer. (2 x 2) (4)
3.4 Compare Sources 3B and 3C. Explain how the information in Source 3B contradicts the evidence in Source 3C regarding the effects of globalisation. (2 x 2) (4)
3.5 Use Source 3D.
3.5.1 What effect, according to the source, did the apartheid policies have on the South African economy? (1 x 1) (1)
3.5.2 Explain how the apartheid policies affected the industry during the apartheid days. (2 x 2) (4)
3.5.3 What, according to the source was the impact of the isolation policies on the unproductive manufacturing sector? (1 x 2) (2)
3.5.4 Comment on the usefulness of the source for a historian studying the positive impact of globalisation in the postapartheid era. (2 x 2) (4)
3.6 Using the information in the relevant sources and your own knowledge, write a paragraph of about EIGHT lines (about 80 words) explaining how South Africa’s economy was effected by globalisation. (8)
[50]

SECTION B: ESSAY QUESTIONS
Answer at least ONE question, but not more than TWO questions, in this section.
Your essay should be about THREE pages long.

QUESTION 4: CIVIL RESISTANCE IN SOUTH AFRICA: 1970s TO 1980s
‘It was the added pressure of the international communities that would bring about the collapse of apartheid in the late 1980s’.
Critically discuss the above statement by referring to the activities of the international communities towards the apartheid regime in the 1980s. [50]

QUESTION 5: THE COMING OF DEMOCRACY IN SOUTH AFRICA AND COMING TO TERMS WITH THE PAST
‘The negotiation process was nearly derailed by violence and disagreements about how the future of SA should be governed’.
To what extent is this statement an accurate assessment of the events as it unfolded in the 1990’s. [50]

QUESTION 6: THE END OF THE COLD WAR AND A NEW WORLD ORDER: 1989 TO THE PRESENT
‘Gorbachev’s reforms and the downfall of communism in the Soviet Union (USSR) paved the way for negotiations between the ANC and the apartheid government after 1989.’
Do you agree with the statement? Substantiate your answer with relevant historical evidence. [50]
TOTAL: 150