HISTORY PAPER 1
GRADE 2
NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATIONS
MAY/JUNE2019

INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION

1. This question paper consists of SECTION A and SECTION B based on the prescribed content framework in the CAPS document.
   SECTION A: SOURCE-BASED QUESTIONS
   QUESTION 1: THE COLD WAR: CONTAINMENT AND BRINKMANSHIP: THE CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS
   QUESTION 2: INDEPENDENT AFRICA: CASE STUDY – ANGOLA
   QUESTION 3: CIVIL SOCIETY PROTESTS FROM THE 1950s TO THE 1970s: THE BLACK POWER MOVEMENT
   SECTION B: ESSAY QUESTIONS
   QUESTION 4: CASE STUDY – CHINA
   QUESTION 5: INDEPENDENT AFRICA: COMPARATIVE CASE STUDY – THE CONGO AND TANZANIA
   QUESTION 6: CIVIL SOCIETY PROTESTS FROM THE 1950s TO THE 1970s: THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT
2. SECTION A consists of THREE source-based questions. Source material that is required to answer these questions can be found in the ADDENDUM.
3. SECTION B consists of THREE essay questions.
4. Answer THREE questions as follows:
   4.1 At least ONE must be a source-based question and at least ONE must be an essay question.
   4.2 The THIRD question may be either a source-based question or an essay question.
5. You are advised to spend at least ONE hour per question.
6. When answering the questions, you should apply your knowledge, skills and insight.
7. You will be disadvantaged by merely rewriting the sources as answers.
8. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this question paper.
9. Write neatly and legibly.

SECTION A: SOURCE-BASED QUESTIONS
Answer at least ONE question, but not more than TWO questions, in this section. Source material that is required to answer these questions is contained in the ADDENDUM.
QUESTION 1: HOW DID THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND THE SOVIET UNION USE BRINKMANSHIP TO RESOLVE THE CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS?
Study Sources 1A, 1B, 1C and 1D and answer the questions that follow.
1.1 Read Source 1A.
1.1.1 According to the source, which member of ExComm was part of:

1. The conservative group (1 x 1)
2. The liberal group (1 x 1)

1.1.2 Comment on the different views that members of ExComm had regarding the deployment of missiles to Cuba. (2 x 2)
1.1.3 Quote TWO reasons from the source that suggest Robert Kennedy was against an air strike on Cuba. (2 x 1)
1.1.4 Explain why you think some members of ExComm did not support the blockade of Soviet ships that intended entering Cuba. (2 x 2)
1.2 Refer to Source 1B.
1.2.1 Comment on the message that the following newspaper headlines convey regarding the Cuban Missile Crisis:

1. 'We Blockade Cuba Arms' (1 x 2)
2. 'Red Ships Face Search or Sinking' (1 x 2)

1.2.2 Using the information in the source and your own knowledge, explain why you think the Daily News decided to publish this article on the front page. (2 x 2)
1.3 Study Source 1C.
1.3.1 Define the concept quarantine in the context of the Cuban Missile Crisis. (1 x 2)
1.3.2 Why, according to Khrushchev, were the actions of the United States of America against the Soviet Union viewed as an act of aggression? (1 x 2)
1.3.3 State TWO instructions, from the source, which were given to Soviet sailors regarding the navigation of ships in international waters. (2 x 1)
1.3.4 Comment on why a historian would find the information in this source useful when studying the US naval blockade of Soviet ships that were on their way to Cuba. (2 x 2)
1.4 Consult Source 1D.
1.4.1 What actions, according to the source, did Khrushchev threaten to take against the United States of America if a quarantine was imposed on Soviet ships? (2 x 1)
1.4.2 Identify TWO ways in the source in which the USA was able to detect whether ships were carrying missiles. (2 x 1)
1.4.3 Why do you think some of the Soviet ships changed course as they approached the 'quarantine line'? Support your answer with relevant evidence. (2 x 2)
1.5 Compare Sources 1C and 1D. Explain how the evidence in Source 1C differs from the information in Source 1D regarding Khrushchev's response to the quarantine of Soviet ships in the Atlantic Ocean. (2 x 2) (4)
1.6 Using the information in the relevant sources and your own knowledge, write a paragraph of about EIGHT lines (about 80 words) explaining how the United States of America and the Soviet Union used brinkmanship to resolve the Cuban Missile Crisis. (8)
[50]

QUESTION 2: WHAT WERE THE DIFFERING VIEWS REGARDING THE OUTCOME OF THE BATTLE OF CUITO CUANAVALE?
Study Sources 2A, 2B, 2C and 2D and answer the questions that follow.
2.1 Refer to Source 2A.
2.1.1 Identify the TWO leaders in the source that met in Havana before the Battle of Cuito Cuanavale. (2 x 1)
2.1.2 Explain what you think Konstantin implied by the statement, 'it was necessary to compel them to be more active in the interest of the cause'. (2 x 2)
2.1.3 Comment on why Castro was opposed to Cuba's participation in the Angolan civil war. (2 x 2)
2.1.4 Quote the two-part strategy that Castro adopted during the Battle of Cuito Cuanavale. (2 x 1)
2.2 Consult Source 2B.
2.2.1 Who, according to the source, claimed that South Africa had attacked Cuito Cuanavale in 1988? Give THREE answers. (3 x 1)
2.2.2 Explain the concept propaganda in the context of the Battle of Cuito Cuanavale. (1 x 2)
2.2.3 Identify the TWO countries in the source that were defeated during the Battle of Cuito Cuanavale. (2 x 1)
2.2.4 Using the information in the source and your own knowledge, explain why SAMVOUSA rejected the claim that the South African Defence Force lost the Battle of Cuito Cuanavale. (2 x 2)
2.3 Use Source 2C.
2.3.1 Explain the messages that are conveyed in the photograph regarding the outcome of the Battle of Cuito Cuanavale. (2 x 2)
2.3.2 Using the information in the source and your own knowledge, comment on whether a historian researching the Battle of Cuito Cuanavale would find this source useful. (2 x 2)
2.4 Read Source 2D.
2.4.1 What event, according to the source, did the ANC commemorate on 23 March 2018? (1 x 1)
2.4.2 Explain what you think is implied by the statement that 'victory at the Battle of Cuito Cuanavale … marked a turning point in the struggle for liberation'. (2 x 2)
2.4.3 Quote TWO ways from the source in which Nelson Mandela recalled the Battle of Cuito Cuanavale. (2 x 1)
2.5 Compare Sources 2C and 2D. Explain how the information in Sources 2C and 2D support each other regarding the Battle of Cuito Cuanavale. (2 x 2)
2.6 Using the information in the relevant sources and your own knowledge, write a paragraph of about EIGHT lines (about 80 words) explaining the differing views regarding the outcome of the Battle of Cuito Cuanavale. (8)
[50]

QUESTION 3: HOW SUCCESSFUL WAS THE BLACK PANTHER PARTY IN MOBILISING AFRICAN AMERICANS IN THE 1960s?
Study Sources 3A, 3B, 3C and 3D and answer the questions that follow.
3.1 Read Source 3A.
3.1.1 What action, according to the source, sparked 'spontaneous riots' in 1966? (1 x 1)
3.1.2 Explain the concept Black Power in the context of African Americans that lived in the United States of America during the 1960s. (1 x 2)
3.1.3 Name TWO African American activists in the source that Huey Newton and Bobby Searle studied. (2 x 1)
3.1.4 Comment on why you think Bobby Searle referred to the Oakland City Council as 'just a racist structure'. (2 x 2)
3.2Use  Source 3B.
3.2.1 What, according to the source, was the Black Panther Party's aim regarding education? (1 x 2)
3.2.2 Explain why you think the Black Panther Party wanted an immediate end to police brutality. (2 x 2)
3.2.3 List any FOUR demands in Clause 10 of the Black Panther's Ten-point Plan. (4 x 1)
3.2.4 Explain why you think the Black Panther Party developed a Ten-point Plan. (1 x 2)
3.3 Compare Sources 3A and 3B. Explain how the evidence in these sources support each other regarding the Black Panther Party (2 x 2)
3.4 Consult Source 3C.
3.4.1 Explain why you think this photograph was taken. (2 x 2)
3.4.2 Comment on the usefulness of this photograph for a historian researching the activities of the Black Panther Party. (2 x 2)
3.5 Study Source 3D.
3.5.1 Why, according to the source, did the Black Panther Party come 'under fire from the American state'? Give THREE reasons. (3 x 1)
3.5.2 Using the information in the source and your own knowledge, explain the impact that the FBI had on the Black Panther Party. (1 x 2)
3.5.3 Comment on whether you agree with Newton's claim that the tactics used by the Black Panther Party against the state authorities were 'extreme'. (2 x 2)
3.6 Using the information in the relevant sources and your own knowledge, write a paragraph of about EIGHT lines (about 80 words) explaining how successful the Black Panther Party was in mobilising African Americans in the 1960s. (8)
[50]

SECTION B: ESSAY QUESTIONS
Answer at least ONE question, but not more than TWO questions in this section.
Your essay should be about THREE pages long.

QUESTION 4: CASE STUDY – CHINA
The failure of the Great Leap Forward led to Mao Zedong introducing the Cultural Revolution to accelerate agricultural and industrial transformation in the People's Republic of China.
Critically discuss this statement. Use relevant evidence to support your line of argument.
[50]

QUESTION 5: INDEPENDENT AFRICA: COMPARATIVE CASE STUDY – THE CONGO AND TANZANIA
Explain to what extent Mobutu Sese Seko and Julius Nyerere were able to deal with the political and economic challenges that confronted their respective countries after attaining independence in the 1960s.
Support your line of argument with relevant evidence.
[50]

QUESTION 6: CIVIL SOCIETY PROTESTS FROM THE 1950s TO THE 1970s: THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT
The Selma-Montgomery marches of 1965 were regarded as the most significant form of protest that contributed to the end of segregation and discrimination in the United States of America.
Do you agree with this statement? Support your line of argument with relevant evidence.
[50]
TOTAL: 150