ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY: DIGITAL
GRADE 12
NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE
MEMORANDUM
NOVEMBER 2019
INSTRUCTIONS TO THE MARKERS
QUESTION 1: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY
1.1
1.2
1.2.1 The purpose of the Act is to:
1.2.2 Workplace can be defined as any premises or place where a person performs work ü during the time of his employment. (2)
1.3
1.3.1 Employee. Learner, Supervisor, Team leader, Safety representative (1)
1.3.2 Health and safety representative. ü Inspector. (1)
1.4
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QUESTION 2: SWITCHING CIRCUITS (GENERIC)
2.1
2.1.1
2.1.2
2 marks = 1 mark for each correct half cycle
If waveform is correctly drawn but inverted, 2 marks will be awarded
NOTE: Due to the +V instead of -V typo on the answer sheet, the following responses are also accepted. (2)
2.2
2.2.1 Resistors R1 and R2 are pull-up resistors.
Resistors R1 and R2 will hold both trigger pin 2 and reset pin 4 high. (2)
2.2.2 Trigger pin 2 will be pulled low and cause the IC output to 'flip' and rise high turning the LED on When set switch S1 is pressed, (3)
2.2.3 Threshold pin 6 is purposely held at 0 V causing the IC not to reset, keeping the output high when S1 is pressed. (3)
2.3
2.3.1 The output signal represents an inverting Schmitt trigger because the output signal is inverted with reference to the input signal.
OR
The output signal is at -VCC when triggered by the upper trigger voltage and swings to +VCC when triggered by the lower trigger voltage. (3)
2.3.2
NOTE: Where a portion of the circuit is incorrect, the learner will lose those marks and will be awarded marks for the correct section / labels.
Any 7 correct labels (7)
2.4
2.4.1 Inverting comparator (2)
2.4.2
1 mark = inversion
1 mark = correct wave shape
2 marks = 1 mark for each correct trigger point. (4)
2.4.3 Change the connection of resistor R1 from the positive supply to the negative supply. (2)
2.5
2.5.1 The gain of the amplifier is determined by the ratio of the feedback resistance to the input resistance of each branch.
NOTE: Writing the formula only = 1 mark. (3)
2.5.2
(3)
2.5.3 The amplifier is not saturated because the output voltage is less than the supply voltage. (2)
2.5.4
(3)
2.5.5 With a variable resistor in the feedback loop, the gain of the amplifier can be varied / controlled. (2)
2.5.6 If R2 is changed to 10 kΩ, the gain for V2 will increase causing the total output voltage to increase. (2)
2.6
2.6.1 RC passive differentiator
NOTE: RC circuit = 1mark (2)
2.6.2
1 mark = positive pulse
1 mark = negative pulse
1 mark = correct orientation (3)
2.6.3 If the circuit time constant is increased, the capacitor will discharge slower producing a sagging square wave.
NOTE: If the learner draws the waveform and label correctly, mark on merit. (2)
2.7
2.7.1 CF provides a feedback connection from output to input. (1)
2.7.2 The inputs draw zero current.
The two inputs possess the same voltage at all times.
The capacitor will charge at a constant rate when a constant current is supplied.
NOTE: If the learner gives a correct account of the operation of the integrator as applied with the 741 op-amp, the answer must be marked on merit. (3)
2.7.3
2 marks = correct labelling
2 marks = 1 mark for each correct half cycle
NOTE: The wave must be drawn correct before marks can be awarded for labelling. (4)
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QUESTION 3: SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
3.1
3.1.1 Pin 1 is identified by being the first pin to the left and below the indentation. OR
Being closest to the dot in the body. (1)
3.1.2 Input stage or differential amplifier
Intermediate stage or high gain differential amplifier
Output stage or common collector (3)
3.1.3
3.2
3.2.1
(3)
3.2.2 The amplifier is driven into saturation which causes the tops and bottoms to be clipped.
NOTE: If the learner identified that the input is fed into the inverting input, there will be a 180 degree phase shift on the output = 2 marks (2)
3.2.3 +15 volts –15 volts (2)
3.3
3.3.1 Dual in-line package (1)
3.3.2 Astable mode
Monostable mode
Bistable mode (3)
3.3.3 5 V (1)
3.4 When the trigger voltage rises above the threshold voltage, the output of a 555 timer will change state from high to low.
NOTE: If the answer is given as “Switch off” only = 1 mark (2)
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QUESTION 4: DIGITAL AND SEQUENTIAL DEVICES
4.1 Polarisation (1)
4.2
4.2.1
1 mark for inputs A,B
1 mark for inverters (NOT gates)
1 mark for outputs
1 mark for AND gates
1 mark each for connections
NOTE: Where a portion of the circuit is incorrect, he/she will lose those marks and will be awarded marks for the correct section / labels. (6)
OR
4.2.2
Inputs | Outputs | ||||
A | B | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
(4)
TABLE 4.2.2
4.3
4.3.1 Clock (1)
4.3.2 The driver transistors are used to feed each LED in the display separately to ensure that all bars of a number are illuminated to the same level. (3)
4.3.3
Inputs | Outputs | |||||||||
A | B | C | D | a | b | c | d | e | f | g |
0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
(4)
4.4
4.4.1
1 mark for inputs A,B
1 mark for outputs
1 mark for And gate
1 mark for XOR gate (4)
OR
4.4.2
INPUTS | OUTPUTS | ||
A | B | Σ | Cº |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
1 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
TABLE 4.4.2 (4)
4.5
4.5.1
1 mark for input gate R
1 mark for output gate Q
1 mark for output gate ?
1 mark for latch
1 mark for clock connection
NOTE: Where a portion of the circuit is incorrect, the learner will lose those marks and will be awarded marks for the correct section / labels. (6)
OR
4.5.2
INPUTS | OUTPUTS | |||
CLK | S | R | Q | ? |
0 | 0 | NO CHANGE | ||
0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
1 | 1 | INDETERMINATE |
INDETERMINATE (4)
4.6 Frequency divider
Decade counter
Binary coded decimal (BCD) counter (2)
4.7
4.8
4.8.1 Parallel-in; Serial-out shift register (1)
4.8.2 A = Clock,
B = 4-bit Parallel Data Input
B = Input, Parallel Data Input = 1 (2)
4.8.3 In the Parallel-in Serial-out shift register all four bits of the data are introduced to the register at the same time in parallel. (1)
4.8.4 It is shifted out, one bit at a time controlled by the clock input cycle. (1)
4.8.5 The circuit enables parallel data ü to be converted ü into serial format.
OR
The circuit enables parallel data, like an 8-bit word
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QUESTION 5: MICROCONTROLLERS
5.1 A microcontroller is a computer presented in a single integrated circuit which is dedicated to perform a task/s and execute one specific application.
OR
A microcontroller is an independent device, a computer on a chip that can perform a limited range of functions without needing to rely on other chips or devices.(3)
5.2
5.2.1 First, it fetches instructions and data from memory. It then decodesü the instructions which are written in binary code, then it executes the instruction before starting the cycle all over again.
OR
The operating cycle of a CPU follows a 'fetch-decode-execute’ cycle.
The operating cycle of a CPU follows a ‘Input-Process-Output’ cycle. (3)
5.2.2 The CIR holds the instruction ü that is currently being executed at a specific address.
OR
5.2.3 The ADC detects a continuously variable (analogue) signal and changes this analogue signal, without altering its essential content, into a multi-level (digital) signal. (3)
5.2.4
5.3
5.4
5.4.1
5.4.2
5.4.3
5.5
5.6
5.6.1 Master (1)
5.6.2 Serial Clock Line (1)
5.6.3 Pull-up resistors, connected to a +5 V supply, are necessary for the lines (SCL and SDA) to go high. (2)
5.6.4 A slave cannot initiate a transfer over the I2C bus.
A slave interprets instructions received by the master. (1)
5.6.5
5.7
5.7.1 Logic '1' between -3 V and -25 V
Logic '0' between +3 V and +25 V (2)
5.7.2 Used in low-data-rate short range applications such as;
5.8
5.8.1 A program is a sequence of instructions that informs a computer how to perform a task. (2)
5.8.2 A flow diagram is a visual representation of steps and decisions ü needed to perform and complete a process. (2)
5.9
1 mark for Start symbol (1)
1 mark for Sensor symbol (1)
1 mark for Siren on symbol (1)
1 mark for Reset symbol (1)
1 mark for Siren off symbol (1)
1 mark for any one YES/NO statement (2)
1 mark each for THREE correct flow lines (3)
(10)
NOTE: Each design must be assessed on merit and variations should be allowed.
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TOTAL: 200