HISTORY PAPER 1
GRADE 12
NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE
NOVEMBER 2019

INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION

1. This question paper consists of SECTION A and SECTION B based on the prescribed content framework in the CAPS document.
   SECTION A: SOURCE-BASED QUESTIONS
   QUESTION 1: THE COLD WAR: CONTAINMENT AND BRINKMANSHIP: THE CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS
   QUESTION 2: INDEPENDENT AFRICA: CASE STUDY – ANGOLA
   QUESTION 3: CIVIL SOCIETY PROTESTS FROM THE 1950s TO THE 1970s: THE BLACK POWER MOVEMENT
   SECTION B: ESSAY QUESTIONS
   QUESTION 4: CASE STUDY – CHINA
   QUESTION 5: INDEPENDENT AFRICA: COMPARATIVE CASE STUDY – THE CONGO AND TANZANIA
   QUESTION 6: CIVIL SOCIETY PROTESTS FROM THE 1950s TO THE 1970s: THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT
2. SECTION A consists of THREE source-based questions. Source material that is required to answer these questions can be found in the ADDENDUM.
3. SECTION B consists of THREE essay questions.
4. Answer THREE questions as follows:
   4.1 At least ONE must be a source-based question and at least ONE must be an essay question.
   4.2 The THIRD question may be either a source-based question or an essay question.
5. You are advised to spend at least ONE hour per question.
6. When answering the questions, you should apply your knowledge, skills and insight.
7. You will be disadvantaged by merely rewriting the sources as answers.
8. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this question paper.
9. Write neatly and legibly.

SECTION A: SOURCE-BASED QUESTIONS
Answer at least ONE question, but not more than TWO questions, in this section. Source material that is required to answer these questions is contained in the ADDENDUM.

QUESTION 1:HOW DID THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA RESPOND TO THE DEPLOYMENT OF SOVIET MISSILES TO CUBA IN THE 1960s?
Study Sources 1A, 1B, 1C and 1D and answer the questions that follow.
1.1 Study Source 1A.
1.1.1 Define the concept democracy in your own words. (1 x 2)(2)
1.1.2 How, according to the source, were the following leaders viewed after the failed invasion at the Bay of Pigs:

1. Kennedy (1 x 1)(1)
2. Castro (1 x 1)(1)

1.1.3 Explain why President Khrushchev decided to deploy nuclear weapons to Cuba. (2 x 2)(4)
1.2 Use Source 1B.
1.2.1 Why, according to the source, did Richard Heyser fly a U-2 plane over Cuba? (1 x 2)(2)
1.2.2 Comment on the advice that members of ExComm gave President Kennedy regarding the deployment of Soviet missiles to Cuba. (2 x 2)(4)
1.2.3 Using the information in the source and your own knowledge, explain why President Kennedy decided to address the American public. (2 x 2)(4)
1.2.4 List the THREE steps in the source that President Kennedy wanted to impose on the Soviet Union. (3 x 1)(3)
1.3 Refer to Source 1C.
1.3.1 Explain why the editor of the Daily Sketch decided to publish this article on the front page of the newspaper. (2 x 2)
1.3.2 Comment on what you think the words 'Ultimatum to Kruschev "Move those missiles" ' convey in the context of the crisis in Cuba. (2 x 2)
1.4 Compare Sources 1B and 1C. Explain how the information in Source 1B supports the evidence in Source 1C regarding President Kennedy's standpoint on the deployment of Soviet missiles to Cuba. (2 x 2) (4)
1.5 Consult Source 1D.
1.5.1 Why, according to the source, did President Khrushchev refer to Turkey? (1 x 2)(2)
1.5.2 State the TWO proposals in the source that Khrushchev put forward regarding the removal of missiles. (2 x 1)(2)
1.5.3 Name the peace-keeping organisation in the source that Khrushchev suggested should oversee the removal of missiles from Turkey and Cuba. (1 x 1)(1)
1.5.4 Explain the limitations of this source for a historian studying the Cuban Missile Crisis. (2 x 2)(4)
1.6 Using the information in the relevant sources and your own knowledge, write a paragraph of about EIGHT lines (about 80 words) explaining how the United States of America responded to the deployment of Soviet missiles to Cuba in the 1960s. (8)
[50]

QUESTION 2: WHY DID FOREIGN POWERS BECOME INVOLVED IN THE ANGOLAN CIVIL WAR BETWEEN 1974 AND 1976?
Study Sources 2A, 2B, 2C and 2D and answer the questions that follow.
2.1 Study Source 2A.
2.1.1 Name the TWO Angolan liberation movements in the source that received funding from the CIA. (2 x 1)(2)
2.1.2 Why, according to the source, did America's perspective of the Angolan conflict change? (1 x 2)(2)
2.1.3 Comment on what you think Kissinger implied by the statement, 'I don't care about the oil, but I do care about Africa, especially if the Soviets spread their ideology and we don't do anything.' (2 x 2)(4)
2.2 Use Source 2B.
2.2.1 Explain the messages that are conveyed in the cartoon regarding the USA's involvement in the Angolan Civil War. Use the visual clues in the source to support your answer. (2 x 2)(4)
2.2.2 Comment on the words 'IF YOU LIKED VIETNAM, YOU'LL LOVE THIS ONEỊ' in the context of Angola. (2 x 2)(4)
2.3 Refer to Sources 2A and 2B. Explain how the information in Source 2A supports the evidence in Source 2B regarding the USA's involvement in the Angolan Civil War. (2 x 2) (4)
2.4 Read Source 2C.
2.4.1 Why, according to Rhodes, was South Africa's involvement in Angola seen as a 'blunder' by some observers? (1 x 2)(2)
2.4.2 Quote TWO pieces of evidence from the source that prompted Prime Minister Vorster to intervene in Angola. (2 x 1)(2)
2.4.3 Using the information in the source and your own knowledge, comment on why Vorster disliked the communists. (2 x 2)(4)
2.4.4 Explain to what extent you would regard the information in the source as reliable when researching the reasons for South Africa's involvement in Angola. (2 x 2)(4)
2.5 Consult Source 2D.
2.5.1 Name any TWO roles, according to the source, that Cuba played in assisting a large number of African countries during their struggle for independence. (2 x 1)(2)
2.5.2 Define the concept colonialism in your own words. (1 x 2)(2)
2.5.3 Why, according to the source, did Cuba decide to send its 'military unit' to Angola? (1 x 2)(2)
2.5.4 Explain why you think Castro did not want Angola to fall 'in the hands of the South African racists'. (2 x 2)(4)
2.6 Using the information in the relevant sources and your own knowledge, write a paragraph of about EIGHT lines (about 80 words) explaining why foreign powers became involved in the Angolan Civil War between 1974 and 1976. (8)
[50]

QUESTION 3: WHAT ROLE DID FRED HAMPTON PLAY IN MOBILISING AFRICAN AMERICANS IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA IN THE 1960s?
Study Sources 3A, 3B, 3C and 3D and answer the questions that follow.
3.1 Read Source 3A.
3.1.1 Quote TWO leadership qualities of Fred Hampton from the source. (2 x 1)
3.1.2 Why, according to the source, did Hampton organise a youth group within the NAACP? (1 x 2)
3.1.3 Using the information in the source and your own knowledge, explain why Fred Hampton 'promoted a shift away from capitalism to socialism.' (2 x 2)
3.1.4 Define the concept Black Power in your own words. (1 x 2)
3.2 Refer to Source 3B.
3.2.1 What, according to Hampton, were the 'basics' for a successful revolution? (2 x 1)
3.2.2 Explain why you think Hampton emphasised a call for a revolution in the USA. (2 x 2)
3.2.3 How, according to the source, did Hampton intend to resist the economic system of capitalism? (2 x 1)
3.2.4 Comment on why you would regard the information in this source useful when researching the impact that Fred Hampton had on citizens of the United States of America. (2 x 2)
3.3 Consult Sources 3A and 3B. Explain how the information in Sources 3A and 3B supports each other regarding the role that Fred Hampton played in mobilising African Americans. (2 x 2) (4)
3.4 Study Source 3C.
3.4.1 Why, according to the source, did Fred Hampton attract the attention of the FBI and the Chicago police? (1 x 2)
3.4.2 Explain why you think the Chicago police decided to execute Fred Hampton. (2 x 2)
3.4.3 How, according to the source, was Fred Hampton killed? (2 x 1)
3.5 Use Source 3D.
3.5.1 Comment on why you think this poster was produced. (2 x 2)
3.5.2 Explain the messages that are conveyed in the poster. (2 x 2)
3.6 Using the information in the relevant sources and your own knowledge, write a paragraph of about EIGHT lines (about 80 words) explaining the role that Fred Hampton played in mobilising African Americans in the United States of America in the 1960s. (8)
[50]

SECTION B: ESSAY QUESTIONS
Answer at least ONE question, but not more than TWO questions, in this section.
Your essay should be about THREE pages long.

QUESTION 4: CASE STUDY – CHINA
Mao Zedong's policies of the Great Leap Forward and Cultural Revolution transformed the People's Republic of China from an agricultural state to a modern industrial state between 1957 and 1969.
Critically discuss this statement. Support your line of argument with relevant evidence.
[50]

QUESTION 5: INDEPENDENT AFRICA: COMPARATIVE CASE STUDY – THE CONGO AND TANZANIA
The leaders of the Congo (Mobutu Sese Seko) and Tanzania (Julius Nyerere) both implemented different political and economic policies after they attained independence from colonial rule.
Do you agree with this statement? Support your line of argument with relevant evidence.
[50]

QUESTION 6: CIVIL SOCIETY PROTESTS FROM THE 1950s TO THE 1970s: THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT
Explain to what extent the various forms of protests by the Civil Rights Movement played a significant role in ending discrimination against African Americans in the 1960s.
Support your line of argument with relevant evidence. [50]
TOTAL: 150