MEMORANDUM

QUESTION 1: SAFETY AND MATERIALS (GENERIC)
1.1
1.1.1 2 (1)
1.1.2 228 mm (1)
1.1.3 900 mm (1)
1.1.4 150 mm (1)
1.1.5 Non-slippery layer (1)
1.2 Similar answer:

• Prevents horizontal movement between the platform and structure(1)

1.3 Identify THREE of the following requirements that are applicable to the supplier of hazardous chemical substances:
1.3.1 First-aid measures must be shown
1.3.4 Fire-fighting measures must be shown
1.3.6 Storage instructions must be shown (3 x 1) (3)
1.4 Minimum = 30⁰ (1) and maximum = 50⁰ (1) (2)
1.5 Similar answer:

• Aluminium conducts electricity (1) and workers who use a ladder could be shocked (1) (2)

1.6 Describe the difference between the surface finish of a water-based paint and an oil-based paint:

• Water-based – provides an elastic, flexible finish (1) Oil-based – provides a hard, durable finish (1) (2)

1.7 Any THREE advantages of the curing of concrete:

• Increases strength
• Decreases permeability
• Improves durability
• Reduces cracks
• Makes concrete more watertight
• Provides volume stability
• Concrete can carry more weight (3 x 1) (3)

1.8 Briefly describe the powder-coating process:

• Plastic finish in powder form (1) is applied by means of a compressed air spray- gun (1) (2)

[20]

QUESTION 2: GRAPHICS, JOINING AND EQUIPMENT (GENERIC)
2.1 Answer the following questions with regard to the site plan on ANSWER SHEET A.
2.1.1 See ANSWER SHEET A (10)
2.1.2 See ANSWER SHEET A (6)
2.2
2.2.1 (2)

2.2.2 (2)

2.2.3 (2)

2.2.4 (2)

2.2.5 (2)

2.3
2.3.1 Unfinished wood (1)
2.3.2 Two-way switch (1)
2.4 When driven into place (1) it cannot be turned (1) (2)
2.5 Prevents backing off OR it acts as a lock nut (1) (1)
2.6 18 mm (1)
2.7
2.7.1 1,35 m (1)
2.7.2 1,412 – 1,285 = 0,127 x 100 = 12,7 m (0,1 m leeway allowed) (3)
2.7.3 Minimum = 30 m (1) and maximum = 200 m (1) (2)
2.8 It can affect the measuring function of the tool. (1)
2.9 Batteries must be removed. (1)
[40]
TOTAL SECTION A: 60

QUESTION 3: ROOFS, STAIRS AND JOINING (SPECIFIC)
3.1 Any FOUR types of roofs or roof trusses:

• South African roof truss
• Single Howe truss
• Lean-to-roof
• Couple roof
• Closed couple roof
• Collar-tie roof
• King post roof truss
• W-truss or Fink truss
• Fan truss
• Scissors truss
• Mono-pitched roof (4 x 1) (4)

3.2 Any FOUR advantages of the use of roof underlays:

• Acts as a secondary roof
• A weather shield during construction
• Waterproof and weatherproof
• Condensation barrier
• Dustproof
• Protects the building/structure
• Protects thermal insulation material
• Protects ceiling boards
• Superior wind uplifting strength prevents lifting of tiles
• Vapour resistant
• High tensile resistance
• Cost effective
• High heat resistance (4 x 1) (4)

3.3
3.3.1

• A – Purlin / Batten (1)
• B – Rafter (1)
• C – Ridge tile / ridge plate (1)
• D – Nail plate (1)
• E – King post (1)

3.3.2 38 mm (1) x 114 mm (1) (2)
3.3.3 Holds/fixes the different timber pieces together (1)
3.4
3.4.1 Concrete tiles, clay or slate /heavy roofs (1)
3.4.2 Thatched roofs (1)
3.4.3 Iron sheeting/steel roof sheets/corrugated/IBR (1)
3.5
3.5.1 True (1)
3.5.2 False (1)
3.5.3 True (1)
3.5.4 True
3.6
3.6.1 Joining roof truss to brickwork (1)
3.6.2

• A – Galvanized steel strap / hoop-iron strap (1)
• B – Wall plate (1)

3.6.3 600 mm (1)
3.6.4 Nailed / Bolted (1)
3.7 Any TWO types of cast-in anchors:

• Hex-head bolt with washer
• L-bolt
• J-bolt
• Welded headed stud (2 x 1) (2)

[30]

QUESTION 4:
MATERIAL, EQUIPMENT AND TOOLS, EXCAVATIONS (SPECIFIC)
4.1
4.1.1 D hard, but brittle and breaks easily (1)
4.1.2 H pumps high volumes of concrete (1)
4.1.3 G alloy of copper and zinc (1)
4.1.4 C pumps smaller volumes of concrete (1)
4.1.5 A highly toxic (1)
4.1.6 E packaging material (1)
4.2
4.2.1 Slump test (1)
4.2.2 100 mm (1)
4.2.3 600 mm (1)
4.2.4 Any TWO reasons for the purposes of the slump test:

• To test the density of concrete (percentage water)
• To determine the workability and consistency of batches
• To determine the slump of the mixture (2 x 1) (2)

4.3 Any TWO ways of curing concrete:

• Water by means of hosepipe or sprinkling
• Cover with water-retaining substances such as damp sand, sacking, straw, hessian and canvas
• Plastic membrane and plastic sheets
• Commercial sealant
• Pool forming
• Similar answer (2 x 1) (2)

4.4 Ferrous (1) and non-ferrous metals (1) (2)
4.5 Any THREE types of cladding for buildings:

• Tile cladding
• Brick slip cladding
• Stone cladding
• Timber cladding
• Metal sheet cladding (3 x 1) (3)

4.6
4.6.1 Tamping rammer(1)
4.6.2 Any THREE ways of maintaining the tamping rammer:

• Lubricate and adjust according to manufacturer’s instructions
• Clean after use and store in a safe, dry place
• Repair / replace damaged electrical cords
• Service regularly
• Remove loose dirt and soil after use (3 x 1) (3)

4.6.3 To keep control of the powerful machine (1)
4.7 Any FOUR causes for the collapse of an excavation:

• Heavy rains
• Poor soil strata, structure or composition
• Sides not dug at the correct angle
• Improper use of formwork or shoring to support walls
• Vibration by machinery or heavy vechiles nearby
• Water seeping into the excavated area
• Contact with underground service
• Access to and exit from the excavation
• Soil slides due to cracks or loose soil (4 x 1) (4)

4.8 Any THREE ways of making excavations safe during the night:

• Fencing
• Warning signs
• Warning lights (red or orange)
• Covering (3 x 1) (3)

4.9
4.9.1 With a ladder/scaffolding (1)
4.9.2 Avoid trench sides from collapsing (one metre away) (1)
4.9.3 Test for low oxygen, hazardous fumes and toxic gases (1)
4.10
4.10.1 False (1)
4.10.2 False (1)
4.10.3 False (1)
4.11
4.11.1 Firm soil/Hard soil/Stable soil (1)
4.11.2

• A – Strut (1)
• B – Walling board (1)
• C – Wedge (1)

[40]

QUESTION 5: BRICKWORK AND GRAPHICS (SPECIFIC)
5.1
5.1.1 One brick wall / Outside wall (1)
5.1.2 220 mm (1)
5.1.3 Stretcher bond (1)
5.2 Any THREE advantages of cavity walls:

• Prevent rainwater from penetrating the interior wall surface
• Provide good thermal and sound insulation
• Cheaper materials can be used for internal walls
• Reduces / prevent expensive exterior finishes (3 x 1) (3)

5.3 See ANSWER SHEET B. (5)
5.4 5.4.1 50 mm (1)
5.4.2 8 m (1)
5.4.3 To remove wasted mortar (1)
5.4.4 Wall ties (1)
5.4.5 Allows water that penetrates the outside wall to drain (1)
5.5 Double triangular pattern (1)
5.6
5.6.1

• A – Beam filling (1)
• B – Fascia board (1)
• C – Tie beam (1)
• D – Plaster (1)

5.6.2 Open eave construction (1)
5.7
5.7.1 F (prepared layer beneath paving and bedding sand) (1)
5.7.2 C (best edge restraint for paving) (1)
5.7.3 A (natural soil on which the paving will be laid) (1)
5.7.4 D (final layer upon which paving is laid) (1)
5.8 Any TWO advantages of mortar-set paving:

• Little maintenance is required
• Low life-cycle cost
• Resistant to point loads
• Resistant to fatigue and reflecting traffic patterns
• Resistant to edge movement
• User-friendly installation material is used
• No weeds will be able to grow in between the joints
• No off-gassing installation products used
• Insects will not be able to ruin the appearance of the paved structure (2 x 1) (2)

5.9 Any TWO reasons for construction failure of paving:

• Concrete haunch too thin to support itself and cracks or crumbles under pressure
• Too little weight to retain the structure and keep paving in place
• Bond between haunch and edge units is weak and will easily crumble
• Sub base is not contained and will be washed out by groundwater (2 x 1) (2)

5.10 Draw a neat sketch with EIGHT (8) bricks of the basket-weave paving:

Bricks drawn in good proportion = (5)
5.11
5.11.1 Segmental gauged arch (1)
5.11.2

• A – Key brick (1)
• B – Skewback (1)
• C – Intrados (1)
• D – Extrados (1)

[40]

QUESTION 6: FORMWORK, REINFORCEMENT, FOUNDATIONS, CONCRETE FLOORS AND QUANTITIES (SPECIFIC)
6.1 Concrete is mixed / poured on site (1)
6.2 Any THREE properties of good formwork:

• Made accurately according to the dimensions indicated
• Sturdy enough to bear the mass of wet concrete without collapsing
• Able to bear the mass of workers and equipment
• Must be strong enough to provide sufficient support, without too much deflection, until the concrete has set
• Formwork should be easy to repair on site
• Secured with wire nails, where some should protrude for easy extracting
• Secured with bolts from 13 mm to 19 mm in diameter
• Should be sealed properly so that the concrete does not leak and form honeycombs or fins
• Should be free of dirt (sawdust or releasing agents)
• Quick and simple to erect, mechanically or by hand
• Ensure the correct cover depth for reinforcing, to prevent structural failure
• Fit plywood onto laggings if a smooth finish is required
• Remove when the concrete has cured and is able to support load on its own
• Should be easy to remove withou damaging the formwork or concrete
• Close-fitting along seams and joints
• Made from recyclable components (3 x 1) (3)

6.3
6.3.1

• A – Soffit / Shutter board (1)
• B – Strut / Prop (1)
• C – Bearer / Head tree (1)
• D – Brace / Strut (1)
• E – Folding wedges (1)

6.3.2 Beam (1)
6.4
6.4.1 High-tensile steel (1)
6.4.2 250 mm (1)
6.4.3 16 mm (1)
6.5
6.5.1 Tensile stress / force (1)
6.5.2 Shear stress / force (1)
6.6 Any THREE properties (requirements) for reinforced steel bars:

• Free of salt spray, mud, splinters and any oiliness
• Completely covered in concrete to protect it against rust and fire hazards
• Resistant to tensile stress
• Easy to bend into shape
• Able to bind firmly with concrete
• Of limited expansion prevent tension when temperature fluctuates
• Readily available and affordable
• Must be rustproof, otherwise it will impair binding (3 x 1) (3)

6.7 Any TWO types of pile foundations:

• Precast concrete piles / prefabricated piles
• Steel tube caisson piles
• In-situ (driven) foundation piles
• Short-bored (auger) piles (2 x 1) (2)

6.8 Any TWO reasons for using pile foundations:

• Ground conditions not stable / solid enough
• Distribute the load to more stable ground (underground / water supports)
• Provides stability when raft / floating foundation is used
• When structures are subjected to horizontal forces, resist pile foundations bending stress while still lending vertical support
• Soils prone to swelling and shrinking (clay soil)
• Superstructure is exposed to uplifting forces (offshore platforms)
• Where soil erosion is possible (bridges) (2 x 1) (2)

6.9 Foundation strips for a store-room is 5 650 x 3 375 (inside measurements) The foundation is 750 mm wide and 250 mm deep (thick)
6.9.1 Calculate the centre line of the foundation: (5)

• 2 / 5 650 = 11 300
  2 / 3 375 = 6 750
  18 050
  Plus corners: 4 / 750 = 3 000
  21 050

6.9.2 Calculate the volume of concrete needed (3)

• Volume = length x width x depth
  = 21,05 m x 0,75 m x 0,25 m
  = 3,947 m³  (3)

[30]
TOTAL: 200

ANSWER SHEET A
2.1 Answer the following questions in regard to the site plan on ANSWER SHEET A:
2.1.1 Any TEN particulars that are not shown according to the checklist:

• Plot no. 31 is not shown
• Plots depth measurement is not shown
• Street name is not shown
• Branch sewage at S is not shown
• Connecting manhole (1,5m inside plot boundary) is not shown
• Measurements of southern building boundary is not shown
• Structure measurements are not shown
• RE (rodding eye) symbol is not shown
• IE symbols are not shown
• VP and symbol are not shown at WC
• Entrance to plot is not shown
• No datum level is shown (10)

2.1.2 Identify SIX particulars that are shown incorrectly on the site plan:

• Construction is over the building boundary on the west side
• North arrow must be on the right-hand side, at the bottom of the page
• Scale is wrongly shown
• Corner of branch sewage at WB is wrong
• RE and symbol missing at the change of direction in sewage line
• House depth measurements are not shown (6)

ANSWER SHEET B
5.3 Draw in the damp-proof course (DPC). (5)