MEMORANDUM

SECTION A
QUESTION 1
1.1
1.1.1 D √√
1.1.2 A √√
1.1.3 B √√
1.1.4 A √√
1.1.5 C √√
1.1.6 D √√
1.1.7 B √√
1.1.8 D √√
1.1.9 C √√
1.1.10 A √√ (10 x 2) (20)
1.2
1.2.1 Both A and B √√
1.2.2 Both A and B √√
1.2.3 A only √√
1.2.4 B only √√
1.2.5 None √√ (5 x 2) (10)
1.3
1.3.1 Anaemia √√
1.3.2 Antibodies √√
1.3.3 Ectoparasites/External parasites √√
1.3.4 Impotence √√
1.3.5 Therapeutic √√ (5 x 2) (10)
1.4
1.4.1 Pearson √
1.4.2 Creep √
1.4.3 Sterility √
1.4.4 Dystocia √
1.4.5 Foley catheter √ (5 x 1) (5)
TOTAL SECTION A: 45

SECTION B
QUESTION 2: ANIMAL NUTRITION
2.1 The representation of the alimentary canal of a farm animal
2.1.1 Identification of letters B, C and G

• B: Reticulum √
• C: Omasum √
• G: Ventriculus / Gizzard √ (3)

2.1.2 Classification of alimentary canals

• Non-ruminant √ (1)

2.1.3 Justification

• Simple stomach / Single stomach √
• Presence of pro-ventriculus √
• Presence of ventriculus / gizzard √
• Presence of crop √
• Presence of caeca / 2 caecum √ (Any 1) (1)

2.1.4 Identification of a letter

• F √ (1)

2.1.5 Identification of the letter that represents the part

1. H √ (1)
2. D / B √ (1)

2.2 The vitamins and deficiency diseases
2.2.1 Vitamin D √ (1)
2.2.2 Vitamin B2/Riboflavin √ (1)
2.3 Identification of the feed
2.3.1 Fishmeal / Feed D √ (1)
2.3.2 Lick / Feed C √ (1)
2.3.3 Maize / Feed B √ (1)
2.3.4 Hay / Feed A √ (1)
2.4 Compounding a ration for farm animals
2.4.1 Identification of a suitable example

1. Concentrate: Sunflower oilcake meal / Maize √ (1)
2. Roughage: Silage √ (1)

2.4.2 Calculation of digestibility co-efficient of silage

• Dry matter of silage = 80% of 25 kg = 20 kg √

OR

• Dry matter of silage = 20% moisture of 25 kg = 5 kg, then
  25 kg – 5 kg = 20 kg √
• DC = Dry material intake (kg) – Dry mass of manure (kg) x 100 √
                             Dry material intake (kg)                                1
  = 20 kg – 8 kg x 100 √
            20 kg          1

OR

• = 12 kg x 100 √
       20        1
  = 60% √ (5)

2.4.3 Calculation of the nutritive ratio (NR) of sunflower oilcake meal

• NR = 1 : TDN – DP √
                        DP
  NR = 1 : 85 – 17  √
                     17
  NR = 1 : 4 √

OR

• NR = 1 : % DNNS √
                   % DP
  = 1 : 68 √
          17
  = 1 : 4 √                     (3)

2.4.4 Categorising the NR value:

• Sunflower oilcake meal: Narrow √
• Maize meal: Wide √ (2)

2.4.5 Justification for the suitability of sunflower oilcake meal for fattening of matured animals

• Sunflower oilcake meal is NOT suitable for fattening √
• Reason: Very high in protein / Narrow nutritive ratio √ (2)

2.5 Fodder-flow programme
2.5.1 Identification of the month during which the farmer only used natural pasture to feed farm animals

• January √
• December √ (Any 1) (1)

2.5.2 Justification for the answer in QUESTION 2.5.1.

• No supplementation during both months √ (1)

2.5.3 Calculations

1. Determination of the amount of natural pasture needed in December
   45 sheep x 2,5 kg per day x 31 days √ = 3 487,5 kg √   (2)
2. Indication of shortage or surplus
   4,3 tons x 1 000 = 4 300 kg √
   4 300 kg (feed available) – 3 487,5 kg (feed required) √
   = 812,5 kg √   (3)

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QUESTION 3: ANIMAL PRODUCTION, PROTECTION AND CONTROL
3.1 Animal production systems
3.1.1 Identification production systems A and B

• PICTURE A: Extensive production system √
• PICTURE B: Intensive production system √  (2)

3.1.2 Justification for QUESTION 3.1.1

• Sustainable use of natural resources:
  In the extensive system good sustainable use of resources / less use of energy / less waste production / less pollution √ (Any 1) (1)
  In the intensive system poor sustainable use of resources / high use of energy / more production of animal waste / more pollution √ (Any 1) (1)
• Capital investment:
  In the extensive system less capital investment / less production inputs √ (Any 1) (1)
  In the intensive system more capital investment / more production inputs √ (Any 1) (1)

3.1.3 Indication of the farming system associated with each of the animal production systems identified in QUESTION 3.1.1

• A/Extensive production system: Subsistence farming system √
• B/Intensive production system: Commercial farming system √ (2)

3.2 Pictures showing housing facilities for farm animals
3.2.1 Identification of facilities 1 and 2

• Facility 1: Broiler house √
• Facility 2: Farrowing crate/ Farrowing pen √ (2)

3.2.2 Indication of the main purpose for part A and B

• Part A of FACILITY 1: Insulation / Ventilation √ (Any 1) (1)
• Part B of FACILITY 2: Separate the sow from its litter / prevents the sow from laying over its litter √ (Any 1) (1)

3.2.3 ONE equipment found in FACILITY 1

• Foot baths √
• Feeders √
• Water trays √
• Weighing scale √
• Lighting facilities √
• Thermometer √
• Fans / air conditioners √
• Heaters / infrared lights √ (Any 1) (1)

3.2.4 Indication of TWO ways in which animals lose body heat

• Heat radiation √
• Sweating √
• Evaporation √
• Conduction √
• Convection √ (Any 2)  (2)

3.3
3.3.1 Provision of labels for letters A–F

• A: African Swine Fever √
• B: Bacteria √
• C: Quarantine infected animals/Burn and bury carcasses / Dispose manure and bedding of infected areas/vaccination √
• D: Protozoan √
• E: Ringworm √
• F: Fungi √  (6)

3.4 Graph on reported cases of rabies outbreak in South Africa
3.4.1 Graph

Criteria for marking

• Type of graph (bar) √
• Correct heading √
• Correct units (%)√
• Correct labelling and calibration on y-axis (Reported cases of rabies) √
• Correct labelling and calibration on x-axis

(Provinces of South Africa) √ (5)
3.4.2 The trend for rabies reported cases from the table

• Reported cases of rabies were high in 2017 √ and dropped in 2018 √ (2)

3.4.3 Indication of possible reason for the trend

• Public awareness √
• Vaccination programme √ (Any 1) (1)

3.5 Parasites
3.5.1 Example of categories of ticks

1. Single-host ticks: Blue tick √
2. Three-host ticks: Bont tick √ (2)

3.5.2 TWO application methods used to control ectoparasites chemically

• Plunge dip √
• Spray races √
• Pour-ons √
• Injectable drugs √
• Hand spraying √ (Any 2) (2)

3.6 TWO services rendered by the state to protect animals from infection by diseases

• Quarantine services √
• Enforce legislation √
• Movement permits √
• Import bans √
• Government animal health schemes 
• Veterinary services √
• Importation of vaccines √
• Research √
• Public awareness √ (Any 2) (2)

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QUESTION 4: ANIMAL REPRODUCTION
4.1 The reproductive system of a bull
4.1.1 Identification of parts

• B: Seminal vesicles √
• C: Urethra √
• E: Glans penis √  (3)

4.1.2 Indication of the process taking place in part F

• Spermatogenesis √ (1)

4.1.3 TWO functions of the hormone secreted in part F

• Development of secondary sexual characteristics √
• Stimulates normal mating behaviour √
• Necessary for the functioning of accessory glands √
• Assists in the production of spermatozoa √
• Maintenance of the male reproductive system √  (Any 2) (2)

4.1.4 Matching functions with the letter

1. G √
2. A / I √
3. B √ (3)

4.1.5 Explanation for the importance of part H in the control of temperature for effective functioning of F and G

• During cold weather scrotum muscles draw the testes closer to the body to heat up √
• During hot weather scrotum muscles move the testis downwards away from the body to cool off √ (2)

4.2 Reproductive process in farm animals
4.2.1 Identification of the reproductive process illustrated in the diagram

• Oogenesis / Ovigenesis √ (1)

4.2.2 Indication of the name of an organ where the reproductive process identified in QUESTION 4.2.1 occurs

• Ovaries √ (1)

4.2.3 Division process taking place at A and B in the diagram above
A: Mitosis √ (1)
B: Meiosis √ (1)
4.3 Oestrus process
4.3.1 Oestrus

• It is a period when non pregnant female animals are receptive √
• to male animals/allow mating √ (2)

4.3.2 TWO visible signs of oestrus

• Vulva is swollen / reddish √
• Mucous discharge √
• Cow is restless √
• Mounting other cows √
• Cow sniffs genitalia of other cows √
• Isolation √
• Decrease in food intake/loss of appetite √
• Legs and flanks are muddy √
• Allows mating √
• Hair on the tail head and rump is fluffed up √ (Any 2) (2)

4.3.3 TWO practical methods to identify cows on heat

• Observation of animal behaviour √
• Place a bull in pen near the cows √
• Bulls marked with a chin ball marker √
• Use of pedometer √
• Tail paint on tail head/tail paint markers / tail-chalking √
• Heat mount detectors √ (Any 2) (2)

4.4 Re-arranging the stages of nuclear transfer process presented in the list to its chronological order

• Enucleation of an unfertilised egg √
• Nucleus containing DNA from donor is transferred into cytoplasm of the enucleated egg √
• Egg is treated and cultured in the laboratory for fusion to take place √
• Manipulated cell is artificially activated to start dividing until it is a blastocyst √
• Transferred into the uterus of recipient cows to grow until adulthood √ (5)

4.5 Name of an organ where each of the following female hormones are produced
4.5.1 Oestrogen: Graafian follicle / ovary √ (1)
4.5.2 Gonadotrophic releasing hormone (GnRH): Hypothalamus √ (1)
4.5.3 Progesterone: Corpus luteum / ovary √ (1)
4.5.4 Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH): Anterior pituitary gland √ (1)
4.5.5 Oxytocin: Hypophysis √ (1)
4.6 Multiple births
4.6.1 Identification of the type of multiple births represented by DIAGRAM A and B
A: Monozygotic / Identical twins √
B: Dizygotic / Fraternal twins √ (2)
4.6.2 Justification for the answer to QUESTION 4.6.1

• A: Developed from one single ovum fertilised by one sperm cell √
• B: Developed from two different ova fertilised by different sperm cells √ (2)

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TOTAL SECTION B: 105
GRAND TOTAL: 150