SECTION A
QUESTION 1
1.1

1.1.1 C ??
1.1.2 B ??
1.1.3 D ??
1.1.4 B ??
1.1.5 C ??
1.1.6 D ??
1.1.7 A ??
1.1.8 B ??
1.1.9 A ??
1.1.10 D ??

(10 x 2) (20)

1.2
1.2.1 B only ??
1.2.2 A only ??
1.2.3 None ??
1.2.4 A only ??
1.2.5 Both A and B ??
(5 x 2) (10)

1.3
1.3.1 Concentrates ??
1.3.2 Zoonotic ??
1.3.3 Meiosis ??
1.3.4 Hermaphroditism ??
1.3.5 Cryptorchidism ??
(5 x 2) (10)

1.4
1.4.1 Fodder flow / Feed flow ?
1.4.2 Endemic ?
1.4.3 Acrosome ?
1.4.4 Dystocia ?
1.4.5 Infertility ? (5 x 1)
(5)
TOTAL SECTION A: 45

SECTION B
QUESTION 2: ANIMAL NUTRITION
2.1 A representation of the alimentary canal of a farm animal
2.1.1 Classification of the alimentary canal of farm animals

• DIAGRAM A: Ruminants ?
• DIAGRAM B: Non-ruminants ? (1)

2.1.2 Identification of letters

• E: Crop ?(1)
• J: Oesophagus ?(1)

2.1.3 Identification of the alimentary canal of a young ruminant
DIAGRAM C ? (1)

2.1.4 Justification

• Very large abomasum compared to rumen ?
• Presence of oesophageal groove ?
• Under-development of fore stomach ? (Any 1 x 1) (1)

2.1.5 Identification of the letters:

•  H ?(1)
• F ?(1)
• A ?(1)

2.2 Schematic representation of types of feeds
2.2.1 Roughages ? (1)
2.2.2 Concentrates ? (1)
2.2.3 Silage/soilage/green lucerne/green forage ? (Any 1 x 1) (1)
2.2.4 Maize meal/oatmeal/barley meal/rye meal/sorghum meal ? (Any 1 x 1) (1)

2.3 Deficiency diseases:
2.3.1 Goitre ? (1)
2.3.2 Excessive bleeding/Poor blood clotting ? (1)
2.3.3 Parakeratosis ?(1)

2.4 Energy production in farm animals
2.4.1 Units to express energy.

Joules (j)/Kilojoules (Kj) ? (1)

2.4.2 TWO important uses of Net Energy

• Maintenance ?
• Production ? (2)

2.4.3 TWO purposes of calculating energy value of feed

•  To determine animal’s diet ?
• To determine feeding standards ?
• To formulate rations ? (Any 2 x 1) (2)

2.5 Compounding rations
2.5.1 The Pearson square calculation
(Barley meal): 9% 23 ? (parts) (39 – 16 = 23)

16% ?
(Soya oilcake meal):39% 7 ? (parts) (16 – 9 = 7)
The ratio of barley meal to soya oilcake meal is 23 : 6 ?(4)

2.5.2 Percentage of soya oilcake meal
23 + 7 = 30 ?
7/30 x 100 ?
23,3% ?
(3)
2.6
Calculating coefficient of digestibility of the hay
Dry feed intake:
10/100 x 15 kg = 1,5 kg therefore, 15 kg – 1,5 kg = 13,5 kg ?
Dry material intake (kg) – Dry mass of manure    x   100 
   Dry material intake (kg)                                            1 ?

    13,5 kg – 3 kg  x 100 ?
        13,5 kg 
77,8% ??
(5)
2.7 TWO importance fodder flow

• Safe use of resources ?
• Meeting the animal’s requirements ?
• For positive margin over feed costs ?
• Allowing livestock enterprise to run smoothly / Manageability / Flexible management ?
  (Any 2 x 1) (2)
  [35]

QUESTION 3: ANIMAL PRODUCTION, PROTECTION AND CONTROL
3.1 Animal production systems
3.1.1 Identification production systems

• FARMER A: Extensive production system ?
• FARMER B: Intensive production system ? (2)

3.1.2 Justification for QUESTION 3.1.1

FARMER A: Extensive production system

• Few animals occupied a large area/low density/low stocking rate ?
• Low capital investment ?
• Low output per unit area ? (Any 1 x 1)
  (1)

FARMER B: Intensive production system

• Many animals in small area/high population density ?
• High capital investment/high inputs ?
• High output per unit area ? (Any 1 x 1)
  (1)

3.1.3 Differentiation between subsistence and commercial farming systems

Subsistence farming
Farming in small quantities to meet the needs of the family and sell the surplus ?
(1)

Commercial farming
Farming in large quantities in order to make profit ?
(1)

3.2 THREE measures to reduce heat stress in cattle under intensive production conditions

• Provision of shelter ?
• Use of air conditioners/Misting/Fans ?
•  Provision of enough water ? (Any 3 x 1) (3)

3.3 Identification of parts of the animal’s space

3.3.1 Flight zone: PART C ? (1)
3.3.2 Blind spot: PART A ? (1)
3.3.3 Point of balance: PART B ? (1)

3.4 Animal handling
3.4.1 Identification of the equipment labelled A

Plywood board ? (1)

3.4.2 THREE reasons for handling pigs by farmers

•  Vaccination ?
• Marking ?
• Dosing ?
• Selection for breeding ?
• Marketing/Shows ?
• Reproductive processes/Mating/AI/ET/NT ?
• Giving birth ?
• Sanitation/cleaning ?
•  Hoof trimming ?
• Health examination ?
  (Any 3 x 1) (3)

3.5 Equipment used on the farm.
3.5.1 Name of the management practice

• Castration ? (1)

3.5.2 Suitability of the tools

1.  Adult farm animals: DIAGRAM B ? (1)
2. Younger farm animals: DIAGRAM A ? (1)

3.6 Scenario
3.6.1 Name of the disease

• Rift Valley Fever (RVF) ? (1)

3.6.2 Identification

1.  Vector: Mosquito ? (1)
2. Pathogen: Virus ? (1)

3.6.3 Extract from the scenario

If a farmer suspects that some animals are infected, authorities should be alerted immediately/Reporting to authorities when suspecting infection ? (Any 1 x 1)
(1)

3.6.4 Suggest TWO economic implications of animal diseases to the farmer

• Banning of exports and imports/Decrease in international trade ?
• Decreased production/loss of income ?
• High treatment/vaccination costs to control/prevent diseases ? (Any 2 x 1)
  (2)

3.7 Schematic representation for the life cycle of a parasite.

3.7.1 Identification of the parasite

• Blowfly ? (1)

3.7.2 Indication of the most harmful stage in the life cycle

• Larval stage ? (1)

3.7.3 Identification of the condition that cause wounds

• Blowfly strike/attack ? (1)

3.7.4 Term used for the removal of wool around the tail

• Crutching ? (1)

3.7.5 THREE non-chemical management practices

• Tail docking ?
• Lipping and cleaning of wounds ?
• Correct timing of shearing and crutching ?
• Lambing time after shearing ?
• Breeding and selection of resistant breeds ? (Any 3 x 1) (3)

3.8 Indication of roles

1. Import and export bans: State ? (1)
2. Research: State ? (1)
3. Sanitation: Farmer ? (1)
   [35]

QUESTION 4: ANIMAL REPRODUCTION
4.1 The reproductive system of a cow and a bull
4.1.1 Identification of parts

• F: Urethra ?
• G: Uterus/Uterine body ?
• K: Oviduct/Fallopian tubes ? (3)

4.1.2 Matching the functions with a letter

1. H ? (1)
2. K ? (1)
3. J ? (1)
4. I ? (1)
5. C ? (1)
6. A ? (1)

4.2 Sperm cell
Indication of the letters

1. D ? (1)
2. C ? (1)
3. B ? (1)

4.3 Graph
4.3.1 Bar graph

Criteria/rubric/marking guidelines

• Correct heading ?
• X-axis – correctly calibrated with label (Species) ?
• Y-axis – correctly calibrated with label (Motility and normal) ?
• Correct units (%) ?
• Combined bar graph
• Accuracy (80 % and above correct plotting) ?
  (6)

4.3.2 Identification of the species with the highest concentration

Ram ? (1)

4.4 Stages of mating
4.4.1 Arranging the stages of mating sequentially

• C ?
• A ?
• D ?
•  B ?
  (4)

4.4.2 The stage of mating not listed

• Courtship ? (1)

4.4.3 Indication of the stage

• Oestrus ? (1)

4.4.4 ONE sign of a cow on heat

• Vulva is swollen with reddish mucus membranes ?
•  Mucus strings visible from the vulva ?
• Jumps on other cows / allows the cows to jump on her ?
• Scratch marks and dirt on the side and back ?
• Allows mating with a bull ? (Any 1 x 1) (1)

4.5 Embryo transfer:

4.5.1 Identify of the reproduction procedure

Embryo Transfer (ET) ? (1)

4.5.2 Naming of the farm animal A and farm animal B

• Farm animal A: Donor cow ?
• Farm animal B: Recipient cow ? (2)

4.5.3 Naming of the processes C and D

• C: Superovulation ?
• D: Embryo flushing ? (2)

4.6 Milk production curve

4.6.1 Name of the curve

• Lactation curve / Milk production curve ? (1)

4.6.2 Name of point A

• Peak period/peak stage ? (1)

4.6.3 Hormones

1. Prolactin ? (1)
2. Oxytocin ? (1)
   [35]

TOTAL SECTION B: 105
GRAND TOTAL: 150