QUESTION 1/VRAAG 1

1.1 B √√ (2)

1.2 B √√ (2)

1.3 A √√ (2)

1.4 B √√ (2)

1.5 D √√ (2)

1.6 B √√ (2)

1.7 C √√ (2)

1.8 D √√ (2)

1.9 A √√ (2)

1.10 C √√ (2)
[20]

QUESTION 2/VRAAG 2

2.1

2.1.1 Ketones/ketone √ (1)

2.1.2
3,5-dichloro√-4-methyl√octane √
3,5-dichloor-4-metieloktaan OF 3,5-dichloro-4-metieloktaan

2.2
2.2.1
Acts as catalyst./Increases the rate of reaction./Act as dehydrating agent. √
Tree as katalisator op./Verhoog die tempo van die reaksie./Tree as dehidreermiddel op. (1)

2.2.2
Water/H₂O √ (1)

2.2.6
Methyl √ methanoate √ (2)
[19]

QUESTION 3/VRAAG 3

3.1
Temperature √at which the vapour pressure equals atmospheric pressure. √(2)

3.2
The stronger the intermolecular forces, the higher the boiling point./The boiling point is proportional to the strength of intermolecular forces. √

(1)

3.3
3.3.1

• In A/propane/alkanes: London forces/dispersion forces/induced dipole forces √
  In A/propaan/alkane: Londonkragte/dispersiekragte/geïnduseerde
  dipoolkragte
• In B/ propan-2-one/ketones: dipole-dipole forces √ in addition to London forces/dispersion forces/induced dipole forces
  In B/propan-2-oon/ketone: dipool-dipoolkragte tesame met Londonkragte/ dispersiekragte/geïnduseerde dipoolkragte
• Intermolecular forces in A are weaker √than in B./Intermolecular forces in B are stronger √ than in A./London forces are weaker than dipole-dipole forces.
  Intermolekulêre kragte in A swakker as in B./Intermolekulêre kragte in B sterker as in A./Londonkragte is swakker as dipool-dipoolkragte. (3)

3.3.2

• Both C and D: hydrogen bonding √
  Beide C en D: waterstofbinding
• D has two/more sites for hydrogen bonding./D forms dimers./D is more polar./C has one/less sites for hydrogen bonding. √
  D het twee/meer plekke vir waterstofbinding./D vorm dimere./D is meer polêr./C het een/minder plekke vir waterstofbinding.
• D has stronger intermolecular forces than C./C has weaker intermolecular forces than D. √
  D het sterker intermolekulêre kragte as C./C het swakker intermolekulêre kragte as D. (3)

3.4 Liquid/Vloeistof √ (1)

[10]

QUESTION 4/VRAAG 4

4.1
4.1.1 Addition/Addisie √ (1)

4.1.2 Polyethene/polythene/polyethelene √
Polieteen/politeen/polietileen (1)

4.2.
4.2.1 Chloro√ethane√
Chloroetaan/chlooretaan (2)

4.2.2
Hydrohalogenation/hydrochlorination √
Hidrohalogenering/hidrochloronering (1)

4.3
4.3.1

4.3.2
HCl/hydrogen chloride/waterstofchloried √ (1)

4.4
4.4.1 Saturated/Versadig √

There are no double/multiple bonds between C atoms./Carbon atoms are bonded to the maximum number of H atoms. √
Daar is geen dubbel- of meervoudige bindings tussen C-atome./Koolstof-atome gebind aan maksimum aantal H-atome. (2)

4.4.2 H₂/hydrogen (gas)/waterstof(gas) √ (1)

4.4.3 2C₂H₆ + 7O₂ → 4CO₂ + 6H₂O

(3)
[14]

QUESTION 5

5.1 ONLY ANY TWO OF

• Increase temperature.
• Increase concentration of acid.
• Add a catalyst. (2)

5.2 ONLY ANY ONE OF/SLEGS ENIGE EEN VAN:

• Change in concentration of products/reactants √ per (unit) time. √
• Rate of change in concentration. √√
• Change in amount/number of moles/volume/mass of products or reactants per (unit) time.
• Amount/number of moles/volume/mass of products formed or reactants used per (unit) time. (2)

5.3
5.3.1

5.3.2

5.3.3
POSITIVE MARKING FROM QUESTION 5.3.2.
1,2 mol∙dm^-3 √
Accept range 1,15 to mol∙dm^-3 (1)

 50 100 150 200 250
Time (minutes)/Tyd (minute)

5.3.4

• Concentration of reactants decreases. √
• Less particles per unit volume. √
• Less effective collisions per unit time. √ (3)

5.3.5

QUESTION 6/VRAAG 6

6.1

6.2 For equilibrium, a forward and a reverse reaction are needed. √
OR/OF
Without CaO(s), the reverse reaction is not possible.

OR/OF
If only CO₂ is present, the reverse reaction cannot take place. (1)

6.3
CO₂ is a gas and will escape if the container is not sealed. √ (1)

6.4

6.5
6.5.1 Remains the same √ (1)

6.5.2 Decreases √ (1)

6.6
Endothermic√

• Kc decreases at lower temperature.√
• Therefore the product of the concentration of products decreases./The reverse reaction is favoured. √
• A decrease in temperature favours the exothermic reaction. √
  OR/OF

Endothermic√

• Kc increases with increase in temperature. √
• Increase in temperature favours the forward reaction. √
• Increase in temperature favours the endothermic reaction. √ (4)
  [19]

QUESTION 7

7.1 It is a proton/H₃O⁺ ion/H⁺ ion donor. √√ (2)

7.2
7.2.1 CO₃^2-(aq) √

7.2.2 H₂CO₃ + H₂O √⇌ HCO₃^-(aq)+ H₃O⁺(aq) √ √ bal

7.3
7.3.1 An acid that donates ONE proton/H⁺/H₃O⁺-ion. √

OR/OF
An acid of which ONE mol ionises to form ONE mol of protons/H⁺ ions/H₃O⁺ ions. (1)

7.3.3

Weak √

The [H⁺] OR [H₃O⁺] is lower than the concentration of acid X. √
Therefore the acid is incompletely ionised. √ (3)
[20]

8.1 B √ (1)

8.2
8.2.1 Cl₂(g) + 2e -> 2Cl^-(aq) √√ (2)

8.2.2 Cℓ2 / Chlorine √ (1)

8.3
8.4

• The Mg electrode becomes smaller./The mass of the Mg electrode decreases./Mg electrode being corroded. √
• Magnesium is oxidised./Mg → Mg2+ + 2e- √ (2)
  [10]

QUESTION 9

9.1 Electrolytic cell (1)

9.2 The substance/species which loses electrons. √√ (2)

9.3 P √ (1)

9.4 Cu(s) -> Cu²⁺ (aq) + 2e^- √√

9.5
A √
Cℓ^- ions move to the positive electrode/anode where they are oxidised to Cℓ₂. √√

OR

2Cℓ^- ⇌ Cℓ₂ + 2e- √√(3)
[9]

QUESTION 10

10.1 Ostwald process/√ (1)

10.2 NO/nitrogen monoxide √
Water/H₂O √ (2)

10.3 NH₃ + HNO₃ √ → NH₄NO₃ √ √ bal

10.5
To make a NPK fertiliser/fertilisers which contain all three primary nutrients. √ (1)
[10]
TOTAL: 150