GEOGRAPHY PAPER 2
GRADE 12
SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATIONS
MEMORANDUM
MAY/JUNE2017
QUESTION 1: MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS
The questions below are based on the 1: 50 000 topographical map (2824DB KIMBERLEY), as well as the orthophoto map of a part of the mapped area. Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions. Choose the answer and write only the letter (A–D) in the block next to each question.
1.1 Kimberley is a … town.
1.2 2824 of the map index 2824DB indicates the …
1.3 The map index/reference of the orthophoto map to the north-east of Kimberley is …
1.4 The cultivated land in block G9 is situated in …
1.5 The direction of 1 from 2 on the orthophoto map is …
1.6 The actual distance of the arterial road from K in block I8 to L in block H9 is … kilometres.
1.7 The feature found at grid reference 28°36'54''S 24°51'30''E/28°36.9'S 24°51.5'E is/a …
1.8 The closest town west of Kimberley is …
1.9 The race course found in blocks I5 and I6 is located in the …
1.10 Feature 3 on the orthophoto map is a …
1.11 Recreational area 1 on the orthophoto map is used for …
1.12 Line feature 5 on the orthophoto map is a …
1.13 Area M on the topographic map indicates a …
1.14 The water supply source in block J8 is a …
1.15 The dominant settlement pattern in block D2 is …
(15 x 1)
[15]
QUESTION 2: MAP CALCULATIONS AND TECHNIQUES
2.1 Linked
State the direction in which the height is decreasing between trigonometrical station 91, in block A3, and spot height 1176, in block A2. Give a reason for your answer.
Answer: Northwest/North North West ✓
Reason: The height of trigonometrical station 91 is 1185.4 m and the height of the spot height is 1176 m ✓ (1 + 1) (2)
2.2 Linked
Is the race course in block I6 visible from the diggings at P in block J4? Give a reason for your answer.
Answer: No/It is not visible ✓
Reason There is an obstruction/mine dump between the Race Course and the diggings ✓
Trigonometrical station 96 is located between the Race Course and the diggings/shows higher lying ground in between ✓
[Any ONE] (1 + 1) (2)
2.3 Refer to demarcated area 4 on the orthophoto map. Calculate the surface area of area 4 in km². Indicate the unit of measurement in your final answer. Show ALL calculations. Marks will be awarded for calculations.
Formula: Area = length (L) x breadth (B)
Length = 8 ✓ cm x 0.1 = 0.8 km
Range: 0.79 km–0.81 km (7.9 – 8.1)
Breadth = 4 ✓ cm x 0.1 = 0.4 km
Range: 0.39 km–0.41 km (3.9 – 4.1)
Area = 0.8 ✓ km x 0.4 ✓ km
= 0.32 km² ✓
Range: 0.31 km² – 0.33 (0.3321) km²
[Accept other formulas to calculate length and breadth. If the unit is not given in the final answer, NO marks will be awarded for the final answer.] (5 x 1) (5)
2.4 Refer to trigonometrical station 76 in block D5 and spot height 1163 in block F2.
2.4.1 Determine the magnetic bearing of spot height 1163 from trigonometrical station 76 for 2017. The magnetic declination of Kimberley for 2017 is 20º17' West of True north.
Formula:
Magnetic bearing = true bearing + magnetic declination
228º ✓ + 20º17' = 248º17' ✓
Range: 227º - 229º (true bearing)
247º17' - 249º17' (magnetic bearing) (2 x 1) (2)
2.4.2 Why is the magnetic declination important in determining the current magnetic bearing?
The magnetic declination either changes eastwards or westwards over time/each year ✓
We need the correct magnetic declination in order to get the correct current magnetic bearing ✓ (2 x 1) (2)
2.5 Refer to line N which runs from spot height 1171 in block B1 to the contour line in block B4.
2.5.1 Calculate the average gradient between spot height 1171 and the contour line. Indicate the unit of measurement in your final answer. Show ALL calculations. Marks will be awarded for calculations.
Formula: gradient= vertical interval (VI)
horizontal equivalent (HE)
VI = 1 200 m – 1 171 m = 29 ✓ m
HE = 7.9✓ (7.8-8.0) cm x 500 m = 3 950 ✓ m
7.9 cm x 0.5 km = 3.95 km
3.95 x 1 000 = 3 950 m
Range: 3 900 m to 4 000 m
Gradient = 29
3 950 ✓ (mark allocated for accurate substitution)
= 1
136,21
= 1 : 136,21 ✓
Range: 1 : 134.48 to 1 : 137.93 (5 x 1) (5)
2.5.2 With the aid of the topographic map and your answer to QUESTION 2.5.1, explain why it would be easy to construct transport routes in this area.
Contours lines are very far apart ✓
Gentle slope/ flat land/ gentle gradient✓
No obstructions evident ✓
In this area for every 1 unit vertically the horizontal distance is 136.21 /The average gradient is 1:136,21 ✓
[Any TWO] (2 x 1) (2)
[20]
QUESTION 3: APPLICATION AND INTERPRETATION
3.1 Give evidence from the topographic map that indicates that Kimberley has a low rainfall.
Non-perennial water ✓
Non-perennial rivers ✓
Dam ✓
Irrigation being implemented/wind pump ✓
Furrows to transport water ✓
Sparse vegetation ✓
Limited agricultural activity ✓
Reservoirs ✓
Dry pan visible on the map ✓
[Any TWO] (2 x 1) (2)
3.2 Refer to land-use zone at 6 on the orthophoto map.
3.2.1 Linked
Identify land-use zone 6. Give a reason for your answer.
Answer: Central Business District (CBD)/ Commercial area ✓
Reason: Tall buildings in the area✓
The Market Square and Town Hall are situated in area 4 ✓
High building density ✓
Most accessible area ✓
Historical buildings/Monument/Alexander Mcgregor
Memorial Museum✓
[Any ONE] (2 x 1) (2)
3.2.2 The street pattern in the area around 6 on the orthophoto map is unplanned irregular.
Give evidence from the area around 6 to prove the statement above.
The roads have been haphazardly (no order) arranged ✓✓
The roads have many intersections at different angles ✓✓
The roads have no focal point ✓✓
Maze of streets ✓✓
Plots are not regular in shape and size ✓✓
[Any ONE] (1 x 2) (2)
3.2.3 Explain why it is important to maintain a large recreational area (7 on the orthophoto map), close to the centre of Kimberley.
The vegetation absorbs carbon (greenhouse gases) therefore reduces temperature/ decreases the heat island effect ✓✓
The vegetation absorbs carbon therefore reduces the air pollution from the factories in the area ✓✓
Green areas create a buffer which reduces noise pollution ✓✓
It has an aesthetic appeal and encourages relaxation ✓✓
It maintains the biodiversity of the area✓✓
Protects indigenous vegetation ✓✓
Habitat for animals/birdlife ✓✓
Attracts tourists ✓✓
[Any TWO] (2 x 2) (4)
3.3 Refer to the orthophoto map.
3.3.1 Linked
Was the aerial photograph used to produce the orthophoto map taken between 10:00 and 11:00, or between 13:00 and 14:00? Give a reason for your answer.
Answer: Between 10:00 and 11:00 ✓
Reason: The shadows from the high rise buildings fall to the southwest ✓✓ (1 + 2) (3)
3.3.2 Why is it ideal to take these aerial photographs as close to midday (12:00) as possible?
Shadows are limited/short ✓✓
Shadows do not hide features✓✓
[Any ONE] (1 x 2) (2)
3.4 Refer to the De Beers Mine in block J2. Use both the topographic map and the orthophoto map to answer the questions below.
3.4.1 Is the De Beers Mine an open-cast mine or a shaft mine?
Open cast (1 x 1) (1)
3.4.2 Discuss TWO negative social impacts that the type of mining mentioned in QUESTION 3.4.1, had on the people living in Kimberley.
Greater health risks/respiratory problems due to the mine dust and chemicals/polluted air affects the health of people ✓✓
People had to move or relocate as the mine/mine dumps expanded ✓✓
Acid mine drainage pollutes the groundwater which is used by people ✓✓
Sides of mines may collapse posing a danger for inhabitants ✓✓
Explosions in mine may cause damage/noise to nearby property/people ✓✓
Unsightly appearance of the open cast mine detracts from the aesthetic appeal of the area ✓✓
[Any TWO] (2 x 2) (4)
3.5 Refer to block I10.
3.5.1 Identify the drainage pattern found in block I10.
Centripetal ✓ (1 x 1) (1)
3.5.2 Give a reason for your answer to QUESTION 3.5.1.
Streams flow from all directions into a (non-perennial) water source ✓✓ (1 x 2) (2)
3.5.3 Explain the impact that increased rainfall will have on the stream order of the streams in block I10.
The stream order will be higher/increase (if the rainfall increases)✓ (1 x 2) (2)
[25]
QUESTION 4: GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS (GIS)
4.1 Which component of GIS is the orthophoto map?
Data ✓ (1 x 1) (1)
4.2 Answer the following questions with reference to data layering:
4.2.1 Define the term data layering.
It is the combination of different layers of information placed on top of each other (in order to make it more useful) ✓
[Concept] (1 x 1) (1)
4.2.2 Name TWO data layers found in block D2.
Infrastructure✓ roads✓, railway lines✓, power lines✓, hiking trail National route ✓
Drainage✓ dam ✓
Topography✓ Relief ✓ contour lines ✓
Settlement ✓ houses✓, buildings ✓
[Any TWO] (2 x 1) (2)
4.2.3 Explain TWO advantages of data layering.
Different layers can be organised (for display) ✓✓
Different layers can be linked to understand relationships between features ✓✓
Different layers can be compared between features ✓✓
Information can easily be manipulated ✓✓
Information becomes more useful towards sorting/analysing a specific query/decision ✓✓
[Any TWO] (2 x 2) (4)
4.3 Refer to block G2.
4.3.1 Is the information represented in block G2 raster data or vector data?
Vector ✓ (1 x 1) (1)
4.3.2 Name the dominant polygon (area) feature in block G2.
Kamfersdam Golf Course/ Golf Course /Kamfersdam✓ (1 x 1) (1)
4.3.3 Name ONE attribute of the polygon (area) feature, mentioned in QUESTION 4.3.2.
Kamfersdam/Golf Course✓
Name of the golf course/Kamfersdam ✓
A grassed area ✓
Club house ✓
Drainage and watering from the reservoir ✓
Area covered in km²/m²/size✓
Membership information ✓
Type of vegetation and animal life ✓
Names of transport routes nearby ✓
The number of holes on the golf course ✓
Recreational area✓
[Any ONE] (1 x 1) (1)
4.4 A businessman wants to build a shopping centre at O in block J3. Explain how the businessman can use GIS to determine if the site at O is suitable for the building of the proposed shopping centre.
The future growth of the city in the direction of the shopping centre ✓✓
The topography of the surrounding area for future expansion ✓✓
Accessibility of the site/Availability of transport/roads/rail ✓✓
The drainage/geology appropriate in the area ✓✓
The type and amount of products the market requires ✓✓
Crime rate in the area✓✓
The demographic structure (economic status/size/age structure/sex) of the surrounding area ✓✓
The size of the population/market of the area ✓✓
[Any TWO] (2 x 2) (4)
[15]
TOTAL: 75