HISTORY PAPER 1
GRADE 12
NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE
JUNE 2017

INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION TO CANDIDATES

1. The question paper consists of SECTION A and SECTION B based on the prescribed content framework in the CAPS documents.
   SECTION A: SOURCE-BASED QUESTIONS
   QUESTION 1: THE COLD WAR – THE CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS
   QUESTION 2: INDEPENDENT AFRICA: CASE STUDY – ANGOLA
   SECTION B: ESSAY QUESTIONS
   QUESTION 4: EXTENSION OF THE COLD WAR: CASE STUDY – CHINA
   QUESTION 5: INDEPENDENT AFRICA: COMPARITIVE CASE STUDIES ON THE CONGO AND TANZANIA
2. SECTION A consists of TWO source-based questions. Source material that is required to answer these questions will be found in the ADDENDUM.
3. SECTION B consists of TWO essay questions.
4. Answer TWO questions as follows:
   4.1 ONE must be a source-based question and ONE must be an essay question.
5. You are advised to spend at least ONE hour per question.
6. When answering questions, you should apply knowledge, skills and insight.
7. You will be disadvantaging yourself by merely rewriting the sources as answers.
8. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this question paper.
9. Write clearly and neatly.

SECTION A: SOURCE-BASED QUESTIONS
Answer at least ONE question in this section. Source material that is required to answer these questions can be found in the ADDENDUM.
QUESTION 1: HOW DID THE CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS CONTRIBUTE TO THE COLD WAR TENSIONS BETWEEN THE USA AND THE USSR?
Study Sources 1A, 1B, 1C and 1D to answer the following questions.
1.1 Study Source 1A.
1.1.1 According to Extract 1, where did the USA establish military bases? (2 x 1) (2)
1.1.2 Why did the Soviet Union decide to place missiles in Cuba? (1 x 2) (2)
1.1.3 As a historian, explain to what extent the information in Extract 1 may be regarded as biased. (2 x 2) (4)
1.1.4 Comment on whether Castro was justified in allowing the USSR to place missiles in Cuba. (Extract 2) (2 x 2) (4)
1.1.5 What, according to Castro, were the TWO risks that confronted Cuba? (Extract 2) (2 x 1) (2)
1.2 Refer to Source 1B.
1.2.1 What message does the newspaper headline convey regarding the Cuban Missile Crisis? (1 x 2) (2)
1.2.2 How did The Washington Post portray President Kennedy? (2 x 2) (4)
1.2.3 Explain how an ordinary USA citizen would have felt about the newspaper headline. (2 x 2) (4)
1.3 Consult Source 1C.
1.3.1 With reference to the Cuban Missile Crisis, define the following concepts in your own words:

1. Cold War
2. Quarantine (2 x 2) (4)

1.3.2 What prompted Khrushchev to write a letter to Kennedy? (Viewpoint 1). (1 x 2) (2)
1.3.3 After reading both Viewpoint 1 and Viewpoint 2, explain which one of the two leaders you think was NOT responsible for the crisis in Cuba. (2 x 2) (4)
1.4 Refer to Source 1D.
1.4.1 Why did Kennedy respect Khrushchev? (1 x 2) (2)
1.4.2 Why, according to the source, does Kennedy regard the triumph as a triumph for the next generation? (1 x 2) (2)
1.4.3 Explain whether you would regard the information in this source as a useful piece of historical evidence in the context for a historian studying the Cuban Missile crisis. (2 x 2) (4)
1.5 Using ALL the sources and your own knowledge write a paragraph of about EIGHT lines (about 80 words), how the Cuban Missile crisis contributed to the Cold War tensions between the USA and USSR. (8)
[50]

QUESTION 2: HOW DID ANGOLA BECOME THE FOCAL POINT OF THE COLD WAR IN THE 1970s AND 1980s?
Study Sources 2A, 2B, 2C and 2D and answer the questions that follow.
2.1 Read Source 2A.
2.1.1 Which organisation did the apartheid government support during the Angolan Civil War? (1 x 1) (1)
2.1.2 List THREE Angolan economic installations that were targeted by the South African Defence Force. (3 x 1) (3)
2.1.3 Using the information in the source, explain TWO reasons why the apartheid government felt threatened by the MPLA leadership in Angola. (2 x 2) (4)
2.1.4 Explain why the MPLA requested assistance from Cuba and the USSR. (2 x 2) (4)
2.2 Consult Source 2B.
2.2.1 Quote TWO negative words from the source which are used to describe members of the South West African People’s Organisation (SWAPO). (2 x 1) (2)
2.2.2 Explain why the SABC used the word ‘terrorist’ during its news bulletin. (1 x 2) (2)
2.3 Study Source 2C.
2.3.1 Name the TWO superpowers that used Angola as a pawn during the Cold War. (2 x 1) (2)
2.3.2 Explain, in your own words, why these two superpowers became involved in Angola. (2 x 2) (4)
2.3.3 According to the information in the source, which TWO communist countries supported the MPLA? (2 x 1) (2)
2.3.4 Define the term democracy in the context of the Angolan Civil War. (1 x 2) (2)
2.3.5 Explain why America choose to assist UNITA during the Angolan Civil War. (1 x 2) (2)
2.3.6 Quote any TWO words that were used by Chester Crocker to describe Savimbi’s leadership qualities. (2 x 1) (2)
2.4 Use Source 2D.
2.4.1 What message does the cartoonist convey regarding the Soviet Union’s support for the MPLA in Angola? Explain your answer using the visual clues in the source. (2 x 2) (4)
2.4.2 Explain to what extent this cartoon may be regarded as biased. (2 x 2) (4)
2.5 Refer to Sources 2C and 2D. Explain how the information in these sources would be useful to a historian studying the role of foreign countries in the conflict in Angola. (2 x 2) (4)
2.6 Using the information in the relevant sources and your own knowledge, write a paragraph of about EIGHT lines (about 80 words), explaining why Angola became the focal point of COLD WAR tensions in the 1970s and 1980s. (8)
[50]
TOTAL SECTION A: 50

SECTION B: ESSAY QUESTIONS
Answer at least ONE question, in this section.
QUESTION 3: EXTENSION OF THE COLD WAR: CASE STUDY – CHINA
Discuss the political, economic and social consequences of Mao Tsedong’s policies and indicate to what extent China had achieved superpower status between 1949 and 1976. [50]

QUESTION 4: INDEPENDENT AFRICA – COMPARITIVE CASE STUDIES ON THE CONGO AND TANZANIA
Compare and contrast the political and economic successes and challenges that both the Congo and Tanzania faced after independence. [50]

TOTAL SECTION B: 100
GRAND TOTAL: 150