HISTORY P2
GRADE 12
NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE
FEBRUARY/MARCH 2016

INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION

1. This question paper consists of SECTION A and SECTION B based on the prescribed content framework in the CAPS document.
   SECTION A: SOURCE-BASED QUESTIONS
   QUESTION 1: CIVIL RESISTANCE, 1970s TO 1980s: SOUTH AFRICA
   QUESTION 2: THE COMING OF DEMOCRACY TO SOUTH AFRICA AND COMING TO TERMS WITH THE PAST
   QUESTION 3: THE END OF THE COLD WAR AND A NEW WORLD ORDER, 1989 TO THE PRESENT
   SECTION B: ESSAY QUESTIONS
   QUESTION 4: CIVIL RESISTANCE, 1970s TO 1980s: SOUTH AFRICA: THE CRISIS OF APARTHEID IN THE 1980s
   QUESTION 5: THE COMING OF DEMOCRACY TO SOUTH AFRICA AND COMING TO TERMS WITH THE PAST
   QUESTION 6: THE END OF THE COLD WAR AND A NEW WORLD ORDER: THE EVENTS OF 1989
2. SECTION A consists of THREE source-based questions. Source material that is required to answer these questions can be found in the ADDENDUM.
3. SECTION B consists of THREE essay questions.
4. Answer THREE questions as follows:
   4.1 At least ONE must be a source-based question and at least ONE must be an essay question.
   4.2 The THIRD question can be either a source-based question or an essay question.
5. You are advised to spend at least ONE hour per question.
6. When answering questions, you should apply your knowledge, skills and insight.
7. You will be disadvantaged by the mere rewriting of the sources as answers.
8. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this question paper.
9. Write neatly and legibly.

SECTION A: SOURCE-BASED QUESTIONS
Answer at least ONE question, but not more than TWO questions, in this section. Source material that is required to answer these questions can be found in the ADDENDUM.
QUESTION 1:
WHY DID THE BLACK CONSCIOUSNESS MOVEMENT DECIDE TO INTRODUCE COMMUNITY-BASED PROGRAMMES IN THE 1970s?
Study Sources 1A, 1B, 1C and 1D and answer the questions that follow.
1.1 Refer to Source 1A.
1.1.1 Name any THREE Black Consciousness formations in which Steve Biko was actively involved. (3 x 1) (3)
1.1.2 Explain the roles that Dr Mamphela Ramphele played at the Zanempilo health facility. (2 x 2) (4)
1.1.3 Using the information in the source and your own knowledge, comment on the impact that Steve Biko had on the Black Consciousness Movement. (2 x 2) (4)
1.2 Study Source 1B.
1.2.1 What, according to the evidence in the source, were the aims of the philosophy of Black Consciousness? (2 x 1) (2)
1.2.2 Explain the statement 'the centre [Zanempilo] was not solely a health facility'. (2 x 2) (4)
1.2.3 Why, according to the information in the source, did the Solempilo project end? (1 x 2) (2)
1.2.4 Name the THREE initiatives in which Dr Ramphele's Isutheng Community Health Programme wanted the people of Tzaneen to participate. (3 x 1) (3)
1.3 Compare Sources 1A and 1B. Explain how these sources support each other regarding black community projects. (2 x 2) (4)
1.4 Consult Source 1C.
1.4.1 Identify the community project that is shown in the photograph. (1 x 1) (1)
1.4.2 Explain in what ways, in your opinion, this community health centre supported the philosophy of Black Consciousness. (2 x 2) (4)
1.5 Use Source 1D.
1.5.1 What were the main aims of the community development projects? (3 x 1) (3)
1.5.2 Comment on how the apartheid government tried to 'divide' black South Africans. (2 x 2) (4)
1.5.3 Explain the usefulness of the evidence in this source to a historian studying Black South Africans' involvement in community projects. (2 x 2) (4)
1.6 Using the information in the relevant sources and your own knowledge, write a paragraph of about EIGHT lines (about 80 words), explaining why the Black Consciousness Movement decided to introduce community-based programmes in the 1970s. (8)
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QUESTION 2:
HOW DID THE TRUTH AND RECONCILIATION COMMISSION (TRC) DEAL WITH THE PROCESS OF REPARATIONS?
Study Sources 2A, 2B, 2C and 2D and answer the questions that follow.
2.1 Read Source 2A.
2.1.1 What were the TWO messages Dullah Omar conveyed to the South African public regarding the process of reparations? (2 x 1) (2)
2.1.2 Define the term reparations in the context of the TRC. (1 x 2) (2)
2.1.3 State any TWO recommendations that were put forward by the TRC regarding the process of reparations. (2 x 1) (2)
2.1.4 Using the information in the source and your own knowledge, explain whether the TRC's recommendation for a national day of remembrance to commemorate fallen heroes and events was implemented. (2 x 2) (4)
2.2 Study Source 2B.
2.2.1 Why, according to the information in the source, was there increased media coverage of the TRC? (1 x 2) (2)
2.2.2 Quote evidence from the source that suggests that victims of human rights violations were 'getting a raw deal'. (1 x 1) (1)
2.2.3 Name the THREE international organisations that supported the process of reparations. (3 x 1) (3)
2.2.4 Comment on the usefulness of the evidence in this source to a historian researching the TRC's process of reparations. (2 x 2) (4)
2.3 Refer to Sources 2A and 2B. How does the information in Source 2A differ from the evidence in Source 2B regarding the process of reparations? Provide evidence from both sources to support your answer. (2 x 2) (4)
2.4 Refer to Source 2C.
2.4.1 Explain the messages the cartoon conveys regarding 'REPARATIONS'. (2 x 2)
2.4.2 Using the visual clues in the cartoon, explain how the following are portrayed:

1. Government (1 x 2) (2)
2. Victims (1 x 2) (2)

2.5 Consult Source 2D.
2.5.1 What, according to the source, was the TRC's biggest failure? (1 x 2) (2)
2.5.2 Explain why TRC Commissioner Yasmin Sooka 'reacted furiously' to the statement that there were many 'actors' among the victims who testified before the TRC. (2 x 2) (4)
2.5.3 Using the information in the source and your own knowledge, explain the differences between restorative justice and retributive justice. (2 x 2) (4)
2.6 Using the information in the relevant sources and your own knowledge, write a paragraph of about EIGHT lines (about 80 words) explaining how the TRC dealt with the process of reparations. (8)
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QUESTION 3:
WHY WAS SOUTH AFRICA'S MEMBERSHIP OF THE BRICS GROUP REGARDED AS CONTROVERSIAL?
Study Sources 3A, 3B, 3C and 3D and answer the questions that follow.
3.1 Refer to Source 3A.
3.1.1 Why, according to the source, was South Africa invited to join the BRICS group? (2 x 1) (2)
3.1.2 Using the information in the source and your own knowledge, explain why China was regarded as the most dominant member of the BRICS group. (2 x 2) (4)
3.1.3 Why, according to the source, did China perceive South Africa as an 'attractive country'? (2 x 1) (2)
3.1.4 Quote evidence from the source that suggests that South Africa's inclusion in BRICS was regarded as controversial. (1 x 2) (2)
3.2 Consult Source 3B.
3.2.1 Name any THREE countries that attended the BRICS Summit in New Delhi. (3 x 1) (3)
3.2.2 Describe the mood of the BRICS group as depicted in the cartoon. (1 x 2) (2)
3.2.3 Comment on the words in the cartoon: 'WE HAVE FOUND COMMON GROUND FOR A MULTI-POLAR WORLD' in the context of the BRICS Summit held in New Delhi. (2 x 2) (4)
3.3  Use Source 3C.
3.3.1 Why did O'Neill not approve of South Africa's membership of BRICS? (2 x 2) (4)
3.3.2 According to the source, which TWO countries within the BRICS group had the largest economies in the world? (2 x 1) (2)
3.3.3 State TWO factors that may have contributed to South Africa's economy being outside the 'Goldman Sachs' radar of growth markets'. (2 x 1) (2)
3.3.4 Explain whether you agree with O'Neill's viewpoint that South Africa does not belong in the BRICS group. (2 x 2) (4)
3.4 Read Source 3D.
3.4.1 Comment on how South Africa's membership of the BRICS group could be regarded as beneficial for Africa's development. (2 x 2) (4)
3.4.2 Which country was Africa's largest trading partner? (1 x 1) (1)
3.4.3 Explain to what extent you think Africa benefitted from trade relations with the BRICS group. Use relevant evidence to support your answer. (2 x 2) (4)
3.4.4 Describe the ways in which the BRICS group was expected to contribute to peace initiatives in Africa. (1 x 2) (2)
3.5 Using the information in the relevant sources and your own knowledge, write a paragraph of about EIGHT lines (about 80 words), explaining why South Africa's membership of the BRICS group was regarded as controversial. (8)
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SECTION B: ESSAY QUESTIONS
Answer at least ONE question, but not more than TWO questions, in this section.
Your essay should be about THREE pages long.
QUESTION 4:
CIVIL RESISTANCE, 1970s TO 1980s: SOUTH AFRICA: THE CRISIS OF APARTHEID IN THE 1980s
PW Botha's strategies to modify and reform apartheid were met with an upsurge (increase) of resistance.
Assess the validity of this statement in the context of intensified internal resistance in South Africa in the 1980s.
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QUESTION 5:
THE COMING OF DEMOCRACY TO SOUTH AFRICA AND COMING TO TERMS WITH THE PAST
Explain to what extent the process of negotiations paved the way for South Africa's first democratic elections in 1994.
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QUESTION 6:
THE END OF THE COLD WAR AND A NEW WORLD ORDER: THE EVENTS OF 1989
The collapse of the Berlin Wall in 1989 was largely responsible for the political changes that occurred in South Africa.
Critically discuss this statement.
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TOTAL: 150