HISTORY PAPER 1
GRADE 12
NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE
JUNE 2018
INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION TO CANDIDATES
SECTION A: SOURCE-BASED QUESTIONS
Answer at least ONE question in this section. Source material that is required to answer these questions can be found in the ADDENDUM.
QUESTION 1: HOW DID THE CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS INTENSIFY COLD WAR TENSIONS BETWEEN THE USSR AND THE USA IN THE 1960's?
Study Sources 1A, 1B, 10 and 1D to answer the questions that follow.
1.1 Study Source 1A.
1.1.1 Define the concept Cold War in the context of the Cuban Missile Crisis. (1 x 2) (2)
1.1.2 According to the source, what action did Khrushcev take to solve his international problems? (1 x 2) (2)
1.1.3 Quote from the source how this action (QUESTION 1.1.2), would solve his international problems. (2 x 1) (2)
1.1.4 How, according to the source, would Khrushchev's action affect the USA? (2 x 1) (2)
1.1.5 Explain why it was important for Krushchev to keep his action plan a secret. (1 x 2) (2)
1.2 Study Source 1B.
1.2.1 Mention TWO ways, according to the source, in which the Soviet Union was breaking its promises to the USA. (2 x 1) (2)
1.2.2 Why, according to the source, were these missiles a danger to the USA? (2 x 1) (2)
1.2.3 Comment on how Kennedy dealt with the crisis in Cuba. (1 x 2) (2)
1.2.4 Explain why you think Cuba became a 'mere pawn' in the Cold War conflict between the superpowers. (2 x 2) (4)
1.2.5 How reliable is this newspaper article in studying the Cuban Missile Crisis? (2 x 2) (4)
1.3 Consult Source 1C.
1.3.1 Explain the significance of the 'arm-wrestling game'. (1 x 2) (2)
1.3.2 What message does the cartoon convey? (2 x 2) (4)
1.3.3 Both Khrushchev and Kennedy have their fingers ready to press a button. What do you think would have happened if these buttons were pressed? (1 x 2) (2)
1.4 Refer to Sources 1B and 1C. Explain how the information in Source 1B supports the evidence in Source 1C regarding the Cold War tensions in Cuba. (2 x 2) (4)
1.5 Consult Source 1D.
1.5.1 Quote TWO demands that Kennedy imposed (forced) on Khrushchev. (2 x 1) (2)
1.5.2 Comment on the usefulness of this source to a historian studying the Cuban Missile Crisis. (2 x 2) (4)
1.6 Using the information in the relevant sources and your own knowledge, write a paragraph of about EIGHT lines (about 80 words) explaining how the Cuban Missile Crisis intensified Cold War tensions between the USA and the USSR. (8)
[50]
QUESTION 2: WHAT WERE THE REASONS FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE BLACK POWER MOVEMENT IN THE USA IN THE 1960's?
Study Sources 2A, 2B, 2C and 2D and answer the questions that follow.
2.1 Refer to Source 2A.
2.1.1 Why, according to the source, was the Black Power Movement established? (1 x 2) (2)
2.1.2 Define the term Black Power Movement in your own words. (1 x 2) (2)
2.1.3 Identify TWO leaders that were responsible for the establishment of the Black Power Movement. (2 x 1) (2)
2.1.4 Comment on the usefulness of the information in this source to a historian researching why the Black Power Movement was established. (2 x 2) (4)
2.2 Consult Source 2B.
2.2.1 Give TWO reasons that Malcom X gave to justify the carrying of weapons in public by African Americans. (2 x 1) (2)
2.2.2 Explain how African Americans were treated by racist white Americans. (2 x 2) (4)
2.2.3 Why do you think white Americans decided to use violence against African Americans? (1 x 2) (2)
2.2.4 How did Malcolm X describe white Americans? (3 x 1) (3)
2.3 Read Source 2C.
2.3.1 Quote THREE pieces of evidence from the source that show why African Americans adopted the Black Power slogan. (3 x 1) (3)
2.3.2 Explain what you think was implied by the phrase, 'black is beautiful'. (2 x 2) (4)
2.3.3 Using the information in the source and your own knowledge, comment on why Black Power emphasised that African Americans must shape their own culture and define their own destiny. (2 x 2) (4)
2.4 Use Source 2D.
2.4.1 What message does the photograph convey? (2 x 2) (4)
2.4.2 Explain why this photograph became an iconic image internationally. (1 x 2) (2)
2.5 Compare Sources 2B and 2D. Explain how the information in Source 2B supports the evidence in Source 2D regarding the Black Power slogan. (2 x 2) (4)
2.6 Using the information in the relevant sources and your own knowledge, write a paragraph of about EIGHT lines (about 80 words), explaining/giving reasons why the Black Power Movement was established in the USA in the 1960's. (8)
[50]
TOTAL SECTION A: 50
SECTION B: ESSAY QUESTIONS
Answer ONE question from this section.
QUESTION 3: CASE STUDY — CHINA
`Mao Zedong's Great Leap Forward Movement (1958-1961) and his Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution (1966-1976), failed to bring about his desired transformation of the People's Republic of China.'
Discuss the statement critically, with relevant evidence, by referring to the period 1958-1976. [50]
QUESTION 4: INDEPENDENCE IN AFRICA IN THE 1960's AND 1970's: CONGO AND TANZANIA
Evaluate the differences and similarities in leadership between Mobutu Sese Seko and Julius Nyerere in transforming the political and economic policies of their countries during the 1960s and 1970s. [50]
QUESTION 5: CIVIL SOCIETY PROTESTS FROM THE 1950's TO THE 1970's: CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT
Martin Luther King Jr ended his 7 have a dream' speech with the following words, "Free at last! Free at last! Thank God Almighty, we are free at last!"
Critically discuss this statement by referring to the role and influence of Martin Luther Jr in the Civil Rights Movement. [50]
TOTAL SECTION B: 50
GRAND TOTAL: 100