CIVIL TECHNOLOGY
GRADE 12 
AMENDED SCE PAST PAPERS AND MEMOS
MAY/JUNE 2018

MEMORANDUM 

QUESTION 1: CONSTRUCTION, SAFETY AND MATERIAL 
1.1
1.1.1 A hard hat will: 

• protect the worker from any head injury. ✔ 
• protect the worker from falling objects from above.
  ANY ONE OF THE ABOVE OR ANY OTHER ACCEPTABLE  ANSWER (1) 

1.1.2 The worker can wear a dust mask/respiratory mask/gas mask/ protective overall. ✔ (1) 
1.1.3 If the worker does not use the safety equipment:  

• His/Her eyes can be damaged by the dust ✔ 
• Debris can get into his/her eyes 
• Any part of his/her body can be injured if he/she is not wearing  a protective overall.  
• Hearing can be damaged if ear protection is not used 
• Dust can be inhaled
  ANY ONE OF THE ABOVE OR ANY OTHER ACCEPTABLE  ANSWER (1)

1.2
1.2.1 Ear muffs ✔ (1) 
1.2.2 In a working area where machine and equipment makes loud  noises/sounds. ✔ 
ANY OTHER ACCEPTABLE ANSWER (1)
1.3
1.3.1 SA or Howe roof truss ✔ (1) 
1.3.2

A – King post ✔ 
B – Queen post ✔ 
C – Rafter ✔ (3) 

1.3.3 The slope/gradient of a roof truss used for a thatch roof must be 45˚ and the roof truss in FIGURE 1.3 has a slope of 30°.✔ 
ANY ONE OF THE ABOVE (1) 
1.3.4 

• Concrete tiles ✔ 
• Clay tiles 
• Slate tiles
  ANY ONE OR OTHER ACCEPTABLE ANSWER (1) 

1.4

• DPC is used between the concrete floor and the wall between  courses of brickwork. ✔ 
• DPM is used under a concrete floor to cover the whole area of a room or a building or as roof underlay. ✔ (2) 

1.5  
(5) 

1.6

• Galvanising is more expensive than painting but lasts longer than painting✔
  OR 
• Painting is cheaper than galvanising and gives a wide variety of colours and  surface finishing's. 
  ANY ONE OF THE ABOVE (1) 

1.7 

• Varnish ✔ 
• Oil  
• Wax 
• Coal tar creosote 
• Paint 
• Poisonous chemical salts (water and soluble salts) 
• Organic compounds
  ANY ONE OF THE ABOVE (1) 

1.8 
(3) 

1.9 Cement binds the ingredients of concrete together. ✔ (1) 
1.10 

• Mass concrete – is a volume of concrete that do not have any  reinforcing✔ 
• Reinforced concrete – is concrete that is reinforced with steel rods to  strengthen the structure✔ (2) 

1.11 

• Compacting by hand (rodding and spading) ✔ 
• Compacting through vibration (Mechanical vibrator)
  ANY ONE OF THE ABOVE (1) 

1.12

• A slump test is used to test workability/consistency of concrete. ✔
• A cube test is used to test compressive/crushing strength of concrete. ✔ (2) 

1.13

• Cover strip/H-strip/Decorative grid strips ✔ 
• Jointing /ceiling tape/Gauze 
• Jointing compound (rhinolyte)
  ANY ONE OF THE ABOVE

QUESTION 2: ADVANCED CONSTRUCTION AND EQUIPMENT 
2.1
2.1.1

• A – Steel capping ✔ 
• C – Steel tip ✔ (2)

2.1.2 Undisturbed earth ✔ (1)
2.1.3 A drop hammer ✔ (1) 
2.1.4 Pre-cast concrete piles can be used when: 

• The soil is not stable/soft ✔ 
• Water content of soil is high ✔ 
• There's a highwater table 
• Subsoil is subject to movement 
• Filling materials are not sufficiently compacted
  ANY TWO OF THE ABOVE OR ANY OTHER ACCEPTABLE  ANSWER (2) 

2.2 

• Bring the water level in the one side of the transparent pipe in line with the  first level. ✔ 
• Take the other end of the pipe to the other position where the level must  be transferred, maintaining the first level and make a mark next to the  water level at this point. ✔ (2) 

2.3 

• Tape measure ✔ 
• Chalk line ✔ 
• Builders line ✔ 
• Builders square 
• Straight edge 
• Spirit level
  ANY THREE OF THE ABOVE OR ANY OTHER ACCEPTABLE ANSWER (3)

2.4
2.4.1 Angle grinder ✔ (1)
2.4.2 Grinding/cutting disc ✔ (1) 
2.4.3

• The safety guard protects the worker against sparks or debris  from discs and materials. ✔ 
• The safety guard protects the body parts of the worker against  the rotating blade.
  ANY ONE OF THE ABOVE (1)

2.5
2.5.1 

• Centre/Turning piece/Profile ✔ (1)

2.5.2

• Key brick ✔ (1)

2.6

• A – Compression force ✔
• B – Tensile force ✔ (2)

2.7 
(10) 

2.8 Dry wall ✔ (1) 
2.9 Disadvantages of drywalls: 

• They are less soundproof than brickwork. ✔ 
• They are less fireproof that brickwork. 
• Drywalls must be joined together or attached to existing walls, to ensure  sturdiness. 
• Drywalls cannot carry heavy loads.
  ANY ONE OF THE ABOVE (1) 

2.10
2.10.1

• A - Anchor bar ✔
• B - Shear bar ✔ (2) 

2.10.2 Structural failure will occur ✔ (1) 
2.10.3 

• To keep the main or anchor bars together. ✔ 
• Helps to resist shear stress
  ANY ONE OF THE ABOVE (1) 

2.11

A - Threaded rods and nuts✔ 
B – Laggings ✔ 
C – Lining✔ 
D – Collar ✔ 
E - Vertical clamps✔ (5) 
2.12 C, B, A (1) [40]

QUESTION 3: CIVIL SERVICES 
3.1 3.1.1 E ✔ (1)
3.1.2 G ✔ (1)
3.1.3 D ✔ (1)
3.1.4 F ✔ (1)
3.1.5 C ✔ (1)
3.1.6 B ✔ (1) 
3.2 A water trap is installed: 

• under sinks ✔ 
• baths 
• toilets  
• at a gully 
• at a shower
  ANY ONE OF THE ABOVE (1)

3.3 P trap or S trap or Bottle trap ✔ (1) 
3.4
3.4.1  ✔✔  (2)
3.4.2  ✔✔ (2) 
3.4.3 ✔✔ (2)
3.5 
 (11) 

3.6 

• Boreholes ✔ 
• Wells  
• Rain water 
• Snow 
• Rivers  
• Desalination
  ANY ONE OF THE ABOVE OR ANY OTHER ACCEPTABLE ANSWER (1) 

3.7 Storm water systems are used to carry storm water to rivers or low-lying  dams. ✔ OR ANY OTHER ACCEPTABLE ANSWER (1) 
3.8 

• Solar energy ✔ 
• Nuclear power  
• Hydro electricity  
• Wind 
• Natural gas 
• Generator 
• Inverter
  ANY ONE OF THE ABOVE (1) 

3.9 

• Solar geysers are environmentally friendly. ✔ 
• Solar geysers can be used in areas where no electricity is available. 
• Hot water is available at a very low cost once the installation cost has  been covered.
  ANY ONE OF THE ABOVE OR ANY OTHER ACCEPTABLE ANSWER (1) 

3.10

• Using solar power as an alternative source of power. ✔ 
• Using appliances only when necessary.  
• Using of low energy or LED light bulbs. 
• Switch of lights in rooms that are not in use. 
• Shower for shorter periods to prevent over use of geyser. 
• Boil only the required quantity of water for a purpose. 
• Use a geyser timer 
• Use of gas
  ANY ONE OF THE ABOVE OR ANY OTHER ACCEPTABLE ANSWER (1) [30]

QUESTION 4: QUANTITIES, MATERIALS AND JOINING 
4.1
4.1.1 B ✔ (1)
4.1.2 C ✔ (1)
4.1.3 D ✔ (1)
4.1.4 A ✔ (1)
4.1.5 C ✔ (1) 
4.2
4.2.1 2 030/2 030 mm ✔ (1)
4.2.2 1 ✔ (1)
4.2.3 44/44 mm ✔ (1)
4.2.4 813/813 mm ✔ (1)
4.2.5 200/200 mm ✔ (1)
4.2.6 32/32 mm ✔ (1)
4.2.7 220/220 mm ✔ (1)

[30]

QUESTION 5: APPLIED MECHANICS 5.1 
(A1 x d) + (A2 x d)  
    Total area 
             ✔                ✔               ✔              ✔ 
= (3 600 mm² x 30 mm) + (900 mm² x 70 mm)  
                         4 500 mm² ✔ 
= 108 000 mm³ + 63 000 mm³  ✔ 
                  4 500 mm² 
= 171 000 mm³ 
      4 500 mm²  ✔ 
= 38 ✔ mm OR  

X   = ∑Ax 
        ∑A 
= 171 000 mm³   ✔ 
     4 500 mm²  ✔ 
= 38 mm ✔ ✔  (9) 

5.2 
(1) 
(6) 
NOT ACCORDING TO SCALE 
USE A MASK TO MARK THIS QUESTION 

Tolerance of 1 N to either side. (3) 
5.3
5.3.1 16 N ✔ (1)
5.3.2 4 m ✔ (1)
5.3.3 6 m ✔ (1)
5.3.4 
(8) 
Correct shape  ✔✔ 
SHEAR FORCE DIAGRAM 
USE A MASK TO MARK THIS QUESTION 

If the drawing is not drawn to the correct scale, penalise the candidate with 1 mark. [30] 
QUESTION 6: GRAPHICS AND COMMUNICATION 

ANSWER SHEET 6.1

NO.	QUESTIONS	ANSWERS	MARKS
1	Identify the type of eave construction  used in the drawing.	Open eave	1
2	State the minimum pitch (slope) of  number 1, if galvanised roof sheeting  is used.	5° - 10°	1
3	Identify number 2.	Tie-beam	1
4	State the standard dimension of  number 3.	38 mm x 38 mm	1
5	State the purpose of number 4.	To cover the opening between  the wall and the ceiling.	1
6	Name the timber that is shown on top  of the external wall marked number 5.	Wall plate	1
7	Draw the drawing symbol for   number 6 in the next column.		2
8	Explain the purpose of number 7.	To prevent dust, insects,   rodents, wind and birds to enter  the building	1
9	Name ONE material that can be used  for number 8.	PVC, aluminium, galvanised  sheet metal.	1
10	Identify number 9.	Fascia board	1
11	Identify number 10.	Down pipe	1
12	Draw a neat freehand line diagram of  a Fink or W roof truss in the next  column.		3
		TOTAL:	15

ANSWER SHEET 6.2 

NOT TO SCALE: USE A MASK TO MARK THIS QUESTION

• Application of scale ✔ ✔ ✔
• Any four labels ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔