SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMSELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY
GRADE 12 
AMENDED SCE PAST PAPERS AND MEMOS
MAY/JUNE 2018

INSTRUCTIONS TO MARKERS 

1.  All questions with multiple answers imply that any relevant, acceptable  answer should be considered. 
2. Calculations:
   2.1 All calculations must show the formula/e
   2.2 Substitution of values must be done correctly
   2.3 All answers MUST contain the correct unit to be considered
   2.4 Alternative methods must be considered, provided that the same  answer is obtained
   2.5 Where an erroneous answer could be carried over to the next step,  the first answer will be deemed incorrect. However, should the  incorrect answer be carried over correctly, the marker has to re calculate the values, using the incorrect answer from the first  calculation. If correctly used, the learner should receive the full  marks for subsequent calculations
3. The memorandum is only a guide with model answers. Alternative  interpretations must be considered, and marked on merit. However, this  principle should be applied consistently throughout the marking session at  ALL marking centres.

MEMORANDUM 

QUESTION 1: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY 
1.1 The type of work done in an electrical technology workshop requires the  correct intensity of light because good visibility ✔ is crucial in performing  work, e.g. soldering work, panel wiring, measuring electrical quantities and  for safety requirements. ✔ (2) 
1.2 Dangerous practices are processes✔ or activities that have some form of  inherent ✔risk or hazard when performed and may lead to serious injuries or  even death. (2) 
1.3

• Be calm. ✔ 
• Assess the situation✔
• Call the emergency services
• Report the injuries to appropriate authority
• Administer first aid and CPR (2) 

1.4 Workers infected with HIV tend to be absent from work regularly due to  illness✔ because of their weakened immune system and this impacts  negatively on productivity. ✔ (2) 
1.5 It is ethically correct to report a person who is working under the influence of  medication that may lead to drowsiness because the person may place  himself/herself and other persons in danger while operating the machinery. ✔ The person may also cause damage to the machinery.✔ therefore no person  may enter or remain in a workplace under the influence of medications. (2) [10] 

QUESTION 2: THREE-PHASE AC GENERATION 
2.1

• Single phase generate less power ✔
• It can supply power to single phase load only ✔
• Single phase is more expensive to generate power (2) 

2.2 Three coils are placed at 1200 relative to each other.✔ When these coils are  rotated anti-clockwise they cut the magnetic field lines which induce the emfs of the same frequency and magnitude in these coils.✔ The induced emfs are  at 1200 out of phase with each other. ✔ (3) 
2.3
2.3.1 

I_PH = V_PH ✔
         Z_PH  
 = 220
     16 
= 13,75 A ✔ ✔ (3)

2.3.2 

P = I²Z
 =13,75² × 16
= 3025 W 
= 3,025 kW ✔ (3) 

2.4
2.4.1

• By connecting an appropriate capacitor in parallel with the load ✔
• By connecting synchronous motors in parallel with the load (1) 

2.4.2

• Less current will be drawn from the supply ✔
• Cost saving from drawing less current ✔
• Less heat will be generated as a results there will be fewer losses (2) 

2.5
2.5.1 Input power to the load 

P= P₁ + P₂ + P₃✔ 
= 8000 + 4000 + (-460) 
= 11,54 kW ✔ ✔ (3) 

2.5.2 Power dissipated  = ✔ 

P = √3V_LI_LCos θ 
I_L =          11540        
       √3 × 380 × 0,8
 =  21,92 A ✔ (3) [20]

QUESTION 3:THREE-PHASE TRANSFORMERS 
3.1
3.1.1

• Core type transformer ✔
• Shell type transformer ✔ (2) 

3.1.2

• The iron core of transformers is laminated to reduce circulating eddy  currents in the core✔
• which generate losses in the form of heat. (1) 

3.2 When an alternating voltage is connected to the primary windings, a  magnetising current will flow, ✔and an alternating magnetic field is set up in  the core. ✔ This alternating magnetic field links with the secondary windings,  and an emf is induced in the secondary windings ✔ (3) 
3.3

• Same voltage and turns Ratio (both primary and secondary voltage rating is  same) ✓
• Same KVA ratings✓
• Same frequency rating 
• Same polarity 
• Similar impedance (2) 

3.4

• It improves the insulation qualities of the windings ✔
• It cool-down the temperature rise due to heat generated in the transformer  during its circulation process. (1) 

3.5
3.5.1 

V_L = √3 × V_PH ✔ 
= √3 × 220✔ 
= 381,05 V ✔ (3) 

3.5.2 

S = √3 × V_L × I_L
I_L =         S                         I_PH = I_L ✔
         √3 × V_L                       ∴ = 454,55 A 
=      300000   
    √3 × 381,05 
= 454,55 A ✔ (5) 

3.5.3 

P = SCos θ  ✔ 
= 300000 × 0,8 ✔ 
= 240 kW ✔ 
or 
P = √3V_LI_LCos θ  
= √3 × 381,05 × 454,55 × 0,8 ✔
= 240 kW (3) [20] 

QUESTION 4: THREE-PHASE MOTORS AND STARTERS 
4.1
4.1.1 It houses the bearings that hold the rotor axis ✔ (1) 
4.1.2 The purpose of the cooling fins is to dissipate generated heat to the  outside of the motor ✔ (1) 
4.1.3

• It houses the end wires of the three coils and earth ✔ (1)
• It is used to connect the supply to the motor 

4.2

• High starting torque ✔
• Can be connected in star or delta ✔
• Wide range of application ✔
• Higher efficiency 
• They are self-starting (3)

4.3
4.3.1 Synchronous speed of the motor. 

n_s = 60 × f 
            p 
= 60 × 50  ✔ 
       2 
=  1500 RPM ✔ (3) 

4.3.2 Rotor speed of the motor. = ✔ 

n_r = n_s(1-S) 
= 1500(1- 0,04)
= 1440 RPM ✔ ✔ (3) 

4.4
4.4.1 

P = √3 × V_L × I_L × Cos θ × η 
= √3 × 380 × 15 × 0,8 × 0,9 ✔ 
= 7,108 kW ✔(3) 

4.4.2 The supply current will be less✓ for the same output power. ✓ (2) 
4.5
4.5.1

• The start button normally is open and spring loaded, ✔when it is  pressed and released, the main contact (MC1) will energise, ✔closing MC1(N/O) ✔and current will flow through it which will enable  the circuit to operate ✔until the normally closed stop button is  pressed. (4) 

4.5.2 The two motors are running, ✔because the MC1 (N/O), MC2 (N/O) ✔ and T (N/O) are closed. ✔ (3) 
4.5.3 The overload relays are connected to each motor so that each motor  can be disconnected from the supply✔ the moment the current in  that motor exceed the value that the overload is specifically  designed for ✔without affecting the running of the other motor. ✔ (3)  
4.5.4 When the start button is pressed, the MC1 will be energised, ✔ closing MC1 (N/O1) and MC1 (N/O2) and Motor 1 will run. ✔ Timer  contact (T) will also be energised and after pre-determined time T  (N/O) will close ✔and Motor 2 will run. ✔Both motors can be  stopped by pressing the stop button. (4)
4.5.5 Conveyer belt (1) 
4.6 Check the: 

• shaft bearings for smooth movement ✔ 
• motor housing for cracks ✔ 
• end plates for proper even fastening✔ 
• cooling fan blades 
• protection cover over the fan (3) 

4.7 The motor cannot be used✔ because there is continuity between winding U  and W ✔due to damaged insulation of the two windings ✔ which will result in  a short circuit and further burning of wires. (3) 
4.8 The function of the zero volt coil is to switch off the supply to the circuit✔ in  the event of power failure. ✔ and when the power is restored, the system will  remain off until it is re-started. (2) [40]

QUESTION 5: RLC 
5.1

• Frequency ✔
• Inductance ✔
• Capacitance ✔ (3)

5.2
5.2.1 The power factor is lagging✔ (1) 
5.2.2 

Cos θ = R
             Z
but Z = √R² + (X_L - X_C)²
= √20² + (60 - 35)²
= 32,02 Ω ✔ 
 therefore Cos θ  =  20  
                             32,02
= 0,62 ✔ (5) 

5.2.3 The Q factor will be halved✔ because the Q factor is inversely  proportional to the resistance of the circuit✔. The doubling of the  inductance and capacitance as a ratio will have no effect on the Q factor.✔ (3) 
5.3 At resonance, the impedance of the circuit is at a minimum and hence the  current is at a maximum.✔ When there is a change in frequency from  resonance, the impedance will increase ✔ causing the current to decrease.✔ (2) 
5.4
5.4.1 (3) 

5.4.2 

Ir  = E
       R 
= 240
    20 
= 12 A ✔ ✔ (3) [20]

QUESTION 6: LOGIC
6.1
6.1.1  (1)

6.1.2 (1) 

6.2 Relay logic✔ (1) 
6.3

• Laptop✔
• Handheld device
• Desktop computer
• PLC interface (1) 

6.4

• High power SCRs or Triacs✔
• Solid state relays (1) 

6.5 A series of instructions✔ written in ladder logic/function block or instruction list  that is used to control the operation of a PLC.✔ (2) 
6.6

• Function block diagram✔
• Instruction list✔ (2) 

6.7
6.7.1 A timer is a function in PLC programs that waits for a predetermined  time✔ before executing a certain programmed function.✔ (2) 
6.7.2 Markers are registers in the memory used to store information until  needed by the program.✔ Markers are also used to retain  information from the end one rung to the beginning of the next rung of  a program. ✔ (2) 
6.8 It would reduce the complexity of the ladder program✔ and the reaction and  execution time would be quicker✔ with a smaller program. (2) 
6.9 (6) 
6.10 (6) 
6.11 (8)
6.12 (5)

QUESTION 7: AMPLIFIERS 
7.1
7.1.1 Negative feedback is when a portion of the output is fed back to the  input✔ and is 180º out of phase with the input✔ (2) 
7.1.2 The bandwidth refers to the range of frequencies✔ that the op amp  can operate without distortion (linearly)✔ (2) 
7.2
7.2.1 (4) 
7.2.2

• Threshold detector✔
• Voltage level detector (1)

7.3 Oscillator circuits✔ (1) 
7.4 (2) 
7.5
7.5.1 Summing amplifier circuit✔ (1) 
7.5.2

• Audio mixer✔
• Temperature measurement (1) 

7.5.3 (3) 
(All values in kilo ohm) 
7.6
7.6.1 By replacing the feedback capacitor✔ with a feedback resistor✔ (2)
7.6.2  (4)
7.7
7.7.1

• Audio oscillators✔ 
• Electronic organs (1)

7.7.2 (3) 
7.7.3 (3) 
7.8 (4) 
7.9 (3) 
7.10 (5) 

7.11 (5) 
7.12
7.12.1 used as a buffer ✔ (1) 
7.12.2 Used for isolation ✔ because of its high input impedance and low  output impedance ✔ (2) [50] 

TOTAL: 200