HISTORY
PAPER 1
GRADE 12 
AMENDED SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMS
PAST PAPERS AND MEMOS
MAY/JUNE 2018

INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION 

1. This question paper consists of SECTION A and SECTION B based on the  prescribed content framework in the CAPS document.
   SECTION A: SOURCE-BASED QUESTIONS 
   QUESTION 1: THE COLD WAR: CONTAINMENT AND BRINKMANSHIP: THE CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS
   QUESTION 2: INDEPENDENT AFRICA: CASE STUDY – ANGOLA
   QUESTION 3: CIVIL SOCIETY PROTESTS FROM THE 1950s TO THE  1970s: THE BLACK POWER MOVEMENT
   SECTION B: ESSAY QUESTIONS 
   QUESTION 4: CASE STUDY – CHINA
   QUESTION 5: INDEPENDENT AFRICA: COMPARATIVE CASE STUDY –  THE CONGO AND TANZANIA
   QUESTION 6: CIVIL SOCIETY PROTESTS FROM THE 1950s TO THE  1970s: THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT 
2. SECTION A consists of THREE source-based questions. Source material that  is required to answer these questions can be found in the ADDENDUM. 
3. SECTION B consists of THREE essay questions. 
4. Answer THREE questions as follows:
   4.1 At least ONE must be a source-based question and at least ONE must  be an essay question.
   4.2 The THIRD question may be either a source-based question or an essay  question. 
5. You are advised to spend at least ONE hour per question. 
6. When answering the questions, you should apply your knowledge, skills and  insight. 
7. You will be disadvantaged by merely rewriting the sources as answers.
8. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this  question paper. 
9. Write neatly and legibly.

QUESTIONS 

SECTION A: SOURCE-BASED QUESTIONS 
Answer at least ONE question, but not more than TWO questions, in this section.  Source material that is required to answer these questions can be found in the  ADDENDUM. 
QUESTION 1: WHY DID CUBA BECOME THE FOCAL POINT OF THE COLD  WAR BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND THE  SOVIET UNION IN THE 1960s? 
Study Sources 1A, 1B, 1C and 1D and answer the questions that follow. 1.1 Use Source 1A. 
1.1.1 Why, according to the source, did President Eisenhower make  thirteen million dollars available to the CIA? (2 x 1)  (2) 
1.1.2 Identify the TWO countries where the CIA trained Cuban exiles to  carry out the invasion of Cuba. (2 x 1)  (2) 
1.1.3 Why do you think President Kennedy allowed the CIA to continue  with the invasion of Cuba? (2 x 2)  (4) 
1.1.4 Explain the concept American imperialism in the context of the  Cuban Missile Crisis. (1 x 2) (2) 
1.2 Read Source 1B. 
1.2.1 Quote THREE pieces of evidence from the source that suggest the  Soviet government was angry about the tactics the US government used against Cuba. (3 x 1)  (3) 
1.2.2 Using the information in the source and your own knowledge, explain how Khrushchev wanted to eliminate 'the danger of war'.  (2 x 2)  (4) 
1.2.3 Explain why a historian would consider the information in this  source useful when researching the Soviet Union's decision to  support Cuba during the Cold War. (2 x 2) (4) 
1.3 Study Sources 1A and 1B. Explain how the information in Source 1A and  Source 1B differs regarding the relationship that the United States of America  and the Soviet Union had with Cuba. (2 x 2) (4)
1.4 Consult Source 1C. 
1.4.1Why, according to the source, did Castro request assistance from  Khrushchev? Give THREE reasons. (3 x 1) (3) 
1.4.2 Using the information in the source and your own knowledge,  comment on how the United States of America found out about the  construction of missile sites in Cuba. (2 x 2)  (4) 
1.4.3 How did President Kennedy and his advisors react to the discovery  of the missile sites in Cuba? Quote TWO phrases from the source.   (2 x 1)  (2) 
1.5 Refer to Source 1D. 
1.5.1 Explain why the USA decided to impose a naval blockade on  Soviet ships that attempted to enter Cuba in 1962. (2 x 2) (4) 
1.5.2 Using the information in the source and your own knowledge,  explain the impact that the US military bases had on Cuba. (2 x 2) (4) 
1.6 Using the information in the relevant sources and your own knowledge, write  a paragraph of about EIGHT lines (about 80 words) explaining why Cuba  became the focal point of the Cold War between the United States of America  and the Soviet Union in the 1960s. (8) [50]

QUESTION 2: HOW DID THE INTERVENTION BY FOREIGN POWERS  INTENSIFY COLD WAR TENSIONS IN ANGOLA BETWEEN  1974 AND 1976? 
Study Sources 2A, 2B, 2C and 2D and answer the questions that follow. 2.1 Use Source 2A. 
2.1.1 Explain the concept independence, in the context of Angola in  the 1970s. (1 x 2) (2) 
2.1.2 Name the THREE military movements in the source that fought  for Angola's independence from colonial rule. (3 x 1)  (3) 
2.1.3 Give TWO provisions of the Alvor Agreement, as quoted in the  source. (2 x 1) (2) 
2.1.4 Using the information in the source and your own knowledge,  explain what is implied by the phrase 'Angola developed into a Cold  War battleground'. (2 x 2)  (4) 
2.2 Consult Source 2B. 
2.2.1 According to the information in the source, which Angolan liberation  movement received weapons from the CIA in July 1975? (1 x 1)  (1)  
2.2.2 Quote THREE ways from the source which show that the United  States of America supported UNITA. (3 x 1)  (3) 
2.2.3 Using the information in the source and your own knowledge,  explain why the CIA spread false information about the Soviet  Union and Cuba. (2 x 2)  (4) 
2.3 Refer to Source 2C. 
Using the visual clues in the source, explain the messages that are conveyed  in the cartoon regarding: 
2.3.1 The Soviet Union's (Russia's) involvement in Angola (2 x 2) (4) 
2.3.2 The United States of America's reaction to the Soviet Union's  involvement in Angola (2 x 2) (4)
2.4 Read Source 2D. 
2.4.1 Identify the Angolan liberation movement in the source which  requested support from Cuba. (1 x 1)  (1) 
2.4.2 Why, according to the source, did a Cuban delegation visit Angola  in August 1975? (2 x 1)  (2)  
2.4.3 Using the information in the source and your own knowledge,  explain why Cuba was willing to give Agostinho Neto 'dramatically'  more military support than he had asked for. (2 x 2)  (4) 
2.4.4 Comment on the usefulness of this source for a historian  researching the involvement of foreign powers in the Angolan civil  war. (2 x 2) (4) 
2.5 Study Sources 2C and 2D. Explain how the evidence in Source 2C differs  from the information in Source 2D regarding the involvement of foreign  powers in the Angolan Civil War. (2 x 2) (4)
2.6 Using the information in the relevant sources and your own knowledge, write  a paragraph of about EIGHT lines (about 80 words) explaining how the  intervention by foreign powers intensified Cold War tensions in Angola  between 1974 and 1976. (8) [50]

QUESTION 3: WHAT WERE THE RESPONSES TO THE FORMATION OF THE  BLACK PANTHER PARTY IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA  IN THE 1960s? 
Study Sources 3A, 3B, 3C and 3D and answer the questions that follow. 3.1 Read Source 3A. 
3.1.1 Explain the concept Black Power in the context of the formation of  the Black Panther Party. (1 x 2) (2) 
3.1.2 Quote TWO leaders from the source that formed the Black Panther  Party in 1966. (2 x 1) (2) 
3.1.3 Using the information in the source, state any TWO demands in the  Black Panther Party's ten-point manifesto. (2 x 1)  (2) 
3.1.4 Why do you think the actions of the Black Panther Party resulted in  'tense relations with law-enforcement agencies'? (2 x 2) (4) 
3.2 Use Source 3B. 
3.2.1 Explain why this article was published on the front page of The Sacramento Bee newspaper. (2 x 2)  (4) 
3.2.2 Comment on the newspaper headline 'CAPITOL IS INVADED' in  the context of the strategy that was adopted by the Black Panther  Party. (2 x 2) (4) 
3.3 Refer to Sources 3A and 3B. Explain how the evidence in Source 3A supports  the information in Source 3B regarding strategies that the Black Panther Party  used. (2 x 2) (4) 
3.4 Consult Source 3C. 
3.4.1 Identify any TWO phrases in the source that suggest the Black  Panther Party had widespread support in the United States of  America in the 1970s. (2 x 1)  (2) 
3.4.2 List any THREE community projects in the source that were started by the Black Panther Party. (3 x 1)    (3) 
3.4.3 Using the information in the source and your own knowledge,  explain why young people saw the Black Panther Party as the  'vanguard (spearhead) of the revolution'. (2 x 2) (4)
3.5 Study Source 3D. 
3.5.1 Quote evidence from the source that suggests the FBI was critical  of the Black Panther Party. (1 x 1)  (1) 
3.5.2 Explain why you think Hoover stated that the Black Panther Party  represented 'the greatest threat to the internal security of the US'.  (2 x 2)  (4) 
3.5.3 State any TWO actions in the source that police raiders took to  destroy the Black Panther Party. (2 x 1)  (2) 
3.5.4 Comment on why a historian would find this source useful when  researching about the FBI's reaction to the Black Panther Party.   (2 x 2) (4) 
3.6 Using the information in the relevant sources and your own knowledge,  write a paragraph of about EIGHT lines (about 80 words) explaining the  responses to the formation of the Black Panther Party in the United States of  America in the 1960s. (8) [50]

SECTION B: ESSAY QUESTIONS 
Answer at least ONE question, but not more than TWO questions in this section. Your essay should be about THREE pages long. 

QUESTION 4: CASE STUDY – CHINA 
Critically discuss the implementation of Mao Zedong's policies, the 'Great Leap  Forward' and the 'Cultural Revolution' in the People's Republic of China between 1957  and 1969. [50] 

QUESTION 5: INDEPENDENT AFRICA: COMPARATIVE CASE STUDY – THE  CONGO AND TANZANIA 
Explain to what extent Tanzania was more successful than the Congo in addressing  the political, economic and social challenges that confronted them after attaining  independence in the early 1960s.  Support your line of argument with relevant evidence. [50] 

QUESTION 6: CIVIL SOCIETY PROTESTS FROM THE 1950s TO THE 1970s:  THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT 
The sit-ins were the only form of non-violent protest that was successfully used by civil  rights activists in the 1960s to bring an end to segregation and discrimination in the  United States of America. Do you agree with the statement? Support your line of argument with relevant  evidence. [50] 

TOTAL: 150