HISTORY
PAPER 1
GRADE 12 
NSC EXAMS
PAST PAPERS AND MEMOS NOVEMBER 2018

INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION 

1. This question paper consists of SECTION A and SECTION B based on the  prescribed content framework in the CAPS document.
   SECTION A: SOURCE-BASED QUESTIONS
   QUESTION 1: THE COLD WAR: CONTAINMENT AND BRINKMANSHIP: THE CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS
   QUESTION 2: INDEPENDENT AFRICA: CASE STUDY – ANGOLA
   QUESTION 3: CIVIL SOCIETY PROTESTS FROM THE 1950s TO THE  1970s: THE BLACK POWER MOVEMENT
   SECTION B: ESSAY QUESTIONS
   QUESTION 4: CASE STUDY – CHINA
   QUESTION 5: INDEPENDENT AFRICA: COMPARATIVE CASE STUDY –  THE CONGO AND TANZANIA
   QUESTION 6: CIVIL SOCIETY PROTESTS FROM THE 1950s TO THE  1970s: THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT 
2. SECTION A consists of THREE source-based questions. Source material that  is required to answer these questions can be found in the ADDENDUM. 
3. SECTION B consists of THREE essay questions.  
4. Answer THREE questions as follows:
   4.1 At least ONE must be a source-based question and at least ONE must  be an essay question.
   4.2 The THIRD question may be either a source-based question or an essay  question. 
5. You are advised to spend at least ONE hour per question. 
6. When answering the questions, you should apply your knowledge, skills and  insight. 
7. You will be disadvantaged by merely rewriting the sources as answers.
8. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this  question paper.
9. Write neatly and legibly.

QUESTIONS 

SECTION A: SOURCE-BASED QUESTIONS 
Answer at least ONE question, but not more than TWO questions, in this section.  Source material that is required to answer these questions can be found in the  ADDENDUM. 
QUESTION 1: HOW DID THE DEPLOYMENT OF SOVIET MISSILES IN CUBA  INTENSIFY COLD WAR TENSIONS BETWEEN THE UNITED  STATES OF AMERICA AND THE SOVIET UNION? 
Study Sources 1A, 1B, 1C and 1D and answer the questions that follow.
1.1 Use Source 1A. 
1.1.1 Quote TWO ways from the source that the US government used to  get rid of Fidel Castro and his supporters. (2 x 1) (2) 
1.1.2 Why, according to the information in the source, did Castro seek  assistance from the Soviet Union? (1 x 2) (2) 
1.1.3 In the context of the Soviet Union's assistance to Cuba, explain what  Khrushchev implied by the statement, 'But, in the end, Fidel agreed  with me'. (2 x 2) (4) 
1.1.4 Comment on why you think Castro requested Khrushchev to 'go  public' regarding the delivery of missiles to Cuba. (2 x 2) (4) 
1.2 Consult Source 1B. 
1.2.1 What messages does the aerial photograph convey? Use the visual  clues in the photograph to support your answer. (2 x 2) (4) 
1.2.2 Explain to what extent a historian would consider the information in  this source useful when researching the deployment of missiles in Cuba. (2 x 2) (4) 
1.3 Read Source 1C. 
1.3.1 According to Kennedy, in whose defence was he acting after  detecting missile sites in Cuba? (2 x 1) (2) 
1.3.2 Explain the concept blockade in the context of the deployment of  missiles in Cuba. (1 x 2)   (2) 
1.3.3 State any TWO steps that Kennedy claimed he would take after  detecting Soviet missiles in Cuba. (2 x 1) (2) 
1.3.4 Using the evidence in the source and your own knowledge, comment on why Kennedy decided to address the American public  on 22 October 1962. (2 x 2)  (4)
1.4 Refer to Sources 1B and 1C. Explain how the evidence in Source 1B supports the information in Source 1C regarding the deployment of Soviet missiles  in Cuba. (2 x 2) (4) 
1.5 Consult Source 1D. 
1.5.1 What, according to the source, was the Soviet Union's intention with helping Cuba? (2 x 1) (2) 
1.5.2 Explain why you think Khrushchev decided to deploy missiles  in Cuba. (2 x 2) (4) 
1.5.3 Identify any TWO pledges in the source that the Soviet government  made regarding Turkey. (2 x 1) (2) 
1.6 Using the information in the relevant sources and your own knowledge, write  a paragraph of about EIGHT lines (about 80 words), explaining how the  deployment of Soviet missiles in Cuba intensified Cold War tensions between  the United States of America and the Soviet Union. (8) [50] 

QUESTION 2: WHY DID CUBA BECOME INVOLVED IN THE ANGOLAN CIVIL  WAR IN 1975? 
Study Sources 2A, 2B, 2C and 2D and answer the questions that follow. 2.1 Refer to Source 2A. 
2.1.1 Explain the concept coalition government in the context of the  1975 Alvor Agreement. (1 x 2)  (2) 
2.1.2 What evidence in the source suggests that the Alvor Agreement had  strong support from other African countries? (1 x 2)  (2) 
2.1.3 Using the information in the source and your own knowledge,  explain why the Angolan Civil War became 'an extension of the Cold  War'. (2 x 2)  (4) 
2.2 Study Source 2B. 
2.2.1 What, according to Agostinho Neto, motivated the Popular  Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) to request help from  Cuba? (1 x 2) (2) 
2.2.2 State TWO forms of assistance that the MPLA requested from the  Cuban government. (2 x 1) (2) 
2.2.3 According to the information in the source, what type of political  ideology did Cuba adopt after 1959? (1 x 2) (2) 
2.2.4 Comment on why you would regard the information in this source as useful when researching the involvement of Cuba in the Angolan  Civil War. (2 x 2) (4) 
2.3 Read Source 2C. 
2.3.1 Quote TWO items from the source that Cuba sent to the MPLA on  5 November 1975. (2 x 1)  (2) 
2.3.2 Why, according to Fidel Castro, did the MPLA request Cuba's assistance? (1 x 2)  (2) 
2.3.3 Using the information in the source and your own knowledge, explain how Castro viewed his relationship with the Soviet Union  and the MPLA. (2 x 2) (4)  
2.3.4 Comment on why you think Castro had a negative opinion of  President Ford and Kissinger regarding Cuba's role in Angola. (2 x 2)  (4)
2.4 Consult Source 2D. 
2.4.1 What messages does the cartoon convey? Use the visual clues in  the source to support your answer. (2 x 2) (4) 
2.4.2 Comment on the significance of the hammer and sickle in  the source. (2 x 2) (4) 
2.5 Refer to Sources 2C and 2D. Explain how the information in Source 2C differs  from the evidence in Source 2D regarding the role that the Soviet Union and  Cuba played in Angola. (2 x 2) (4) 
2.6 Using the information in the relevant sources and your own knowledge, write  a paragraph of about EIGHT lines (about 80 words), explaining why Cuba  became involved in the Angolan Civil War in 1975. (8) [50]

QUESTION 3: HOW DID THE BLACK POWER MOVEMENT MOBILISE AFRICAN  AMERICANS DURING THE 1960s? 
Study Sources 3A, 3B, 3C and 3D and answer the questions that follow. 3.1 Refer to Source 3A. 
3.1.1 Define the concept Black Power in your own words. (1 x 2) (2) 
3.1.2 Why, according to the source, did Stokely Carmichael promote the  ideology of Black Power? (2 x 1)  (2) 
3.1.3 Give TWO pieces of evidence in the source that suggest that the  Black Power Movement was critical of the Civil Rights Movement.  (2 x 1) (2) 
3.1.4 Using the information in the source and your own knowledge,  explain why the Black Power Movement rejected the integration of  American society in the 1960s. (2 x 2) (4) 
3.2 Study Source 3B. 
3.2.1 What, according to the information in the source, were the THREE  challenges that African Americans faced? (3 x 1) (3) 
3.2.2 Comment on why you think Malcolm X criticised the United States government. (2 x 2) (4) 
3.2.3 Why do you think self-help programmes were promoted among  African Americans in the 1960s? (2 x 2) (4) 
3.2.4 Using the information in the source and your own knowledge,  explain why a historian would find this source useful when  researching the Black Power Movement. (2 x 2) (4) 
3.3 Consult Source 3C. 
3.3.1 What messages are conveyed in this photograph? Use the visual  clues in the photograph to support your answer. (2 x 2)  (4) 
3.3.2 Comment on the role you think the Black Panther newspaper played  in the African American community. (2 x 2)  (4) 
3.4 Refer to Sources 3A and 3C. Explain how the evidence in Source 3A supports  the information in Source 3C regarding the influence that the philosophy of  Black Power had on the African American communities. (2 x 2) (4)
3.5 Read Source 3D. 
3.5.1 How, according to the source, did federal agents suppress the Black  Panther Party? (1 x 2)  (2) 
3.5.2 Comment on why it was necessary for the FBI to keep the Black  Panther Party isolated from moderate black and white American  communities. (1 x 2)  (2) 
3.5.3 Identify ONE method that the FBI used to create division amongst members of the Black Panther Party. (1 x 1) (1) 
3.6 Using the information in the relevant sources and your own knowledge, write  a paragraph of about EIGHT lines (about 80 words), explaining how the Black  Power Movement mobilised African Americans in the 1960s. (8) [50]

SECTION B: ESSAY QUESTIONS 
Answer at least ONE question, but not more than TWO questions in this section. Your essay should be about THREE pages long. 

QUESTION 4: CASE STUDY – CHINA 
The implementation of Mao Zedong's policies, the Great Leap Forward and the  Cultural Revolution, was a dismal failure.  Do you agree with this statement? Use relevant evidence from 1958 to 1969 to support  your line of argument. [50] 

QUESTION 5: INDEPENDENT AFRICA: COMPARATIVE CASE STUDY – THE  CONGO AND TANZANIA 
Critically discuss how Mobuto Sese Seko (the Congo) and Julius Nyerere (Tanzania)  promoted economic, social and cultural developments in their respective countries  after the attainment of independence in the 1960s. Support your line of argument with relevant evidence. [50] 

QUESTION 6: CIVIL SOCIETY PROTESTS FROM THE 1950s TO THE 1970s:  THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT 
Explain to what extent the various forms of protests by the civil rights activists were successful in ensuring that all Americans, regardless of race, were treated equally in  the United States of America in the 1960s. Support your line of argument with relevant evidence. [50] TOTAL: 150