AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES PAPER 1
GRADE 12
NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATIONS
MEMORANDUM
MAY/JUNE2019

SECTION A
QUESTION 1
1.1
1.1.1 C ✓✓
1.1.2 B ✓✓
1.1.3 B ✓✓
1.1.4 D ✓✓
1.1.5 A ✓✓
1.1.6 D ✓✓
1.1.7 B ✓✓
1.1.8 C ✓✓
1.1.9 A✓✓
1.1.10 D ✓✓ (10 x 2) (20)
1.2
1.2.1 B only ✓✓
1.2.2 None ✓✓
1.2.3 Both A and B ✓v
1.2.4 A only ✓✓
1.2.5 B only ✓✓ (5 x 2) (10)
1.3
1.3.1 Peristalsis ✓✓
1.3.2 Shed/feed shed/silo/barn ✓✓
1.3.3 Cloning/nuclear transfer ✓✓
1.3.4 Synchronisation of oestrus ✓✓
1.3.5 Freemartin ✓✓ (5 x 2) (10)
1.4
1.4.1 Biological value/BV ✓
1.4.2 Chronic ✓
1.4.3 Hypoplasia ✓
1.4.4 Mummification ✓
1.4.5 Implantation ✓ (5 x 1) (5)
TOTAL SECTION A: 45

SECTION B
QUESTION 2: ANIMAL NUTRITION
2.1 Alimentary canal of a farm animal
2.1.1 Name of the animal
Poultry/fowl/chicken ✓ (1)
2.1.2 Identification of the letter

1. C ✓(1)
2. E ✓(1)
3. A ✓(1)

2.1.3 The role of part B in digestion
It moistens ✓ and softens/soaking food ✓ (2)
2.1.4 Identification of the letter corresponding to a pig stomach
A ✓ (1)
2.2 Digestion in the stomach and small intestines
2.2.1 Name of the enzymes
A Rennin ✓(1)
E Lipase ✓ (1)
2.2.2 Identification of the labels
B Peptides/polypeptides/peptones/proteoses✓(1)
C Starch ✓(1)
F Amino acids ✓(1)
2.2.3 Part of the small intestines where digestion occurs
Duodenum ✓ (1)
2.2.4 Explanation of the importance of fat emulsification
It increases the surface area ✓ for easier digestion ✓ (2)
2.3 Minerals and vitamins
2.3.1 Zinc ✓ (1)
2.3.2 Vitamin A ✓ (1)
2.3.3 Phosphorus ✓ (1)
2.3.4 Vitamin K ✓ (1)
2.4 Nutritive ratio
2.4.1 Recommendation of the feed

1. Feed B ✓(1)
2. Feed A ✓(1)
3. Feed C ✓(1)

2.4.2 Indication of the part representing digestible non-nitrogen
8 ✓ (1)
2.4.3 Justification for recommending feed A for a calf
It is rich in protein/narrow nutritive ratio ✓ needed for growth ✓ (2)
2.5 Pearson square
2.5.1 The method used to prepare a ration
Pearson square method ✓ (1)
2.5.2 Calculation of the ratio of maize : sunflower oilcake meal

Ratio of maize to sunflower oilcake meal is 29:2 ✓ (4)
2.5.3 Calculation of percentage of sunflower oilcake meal
29 + 2 = 31 ✓
 2  x 100 ✓
31
= 6,45/6,5% ✓
OR
 2 ✓ x 100 ✓
31
= 6,45/6,5% ✓ (3)
2.6 TWO roles of a good fodder flow programme

• To ensure safe use of the resources ✓
• To meet animal feed requirements ✓
• Margin over feed costs ✓
• Manageability ✓
• Focus on weekly/monthly/annual production and consumption ✓
• Ensure the continual supply of fodder to animals✓ (Any 2) (2)

[35]

QUESTION 3: ANIMAL PRODUCTION, PROTECTION AND CONTROL
3.1 Farming systems
3.1.1 Identification of farming systems

1. Subsistence ✓(1)
2. Commercial ✓(1)

3.1.2 Comparing subsistence and commercial farming systems

1. Purpose of the output
   Subsistence - Output is mainly for feeding the family/not for profit ✓(1)
   Commercial - Output is mainly for selling/profit ✓(1)
2. Impact on environment
   Subsistence - No/little impact as there is no pollution ✓(1)
   Commercial - Huge impact because of high production of manure/higher rate of pollution ✓(1)

3.1.3 Disadvantage of farming system B
Large scale spread of diseases/loss of production ✓ (1)
3.1.4 Economic benefit of farming system B over A
High production/income/profit for the farmer ✓ (1)
3.2 Facilities used in an animal production enterprise
3.2.1 Identification of the facilities

1. Water trough ✓(1)
2. Feed trough ✓(1)

3.2.2 Indication of the purpose for facility C
To restrain farm animals ✓ (1)
3.3 Life cycle of a parasite
3.3.1 Classification of parasite
Internal/endoparasite ✓ (1)
3.3.2 Reason
It lives in the body of the host ✓ (1)
3.3.3 Identification of intermediate host
Snail/slug ✓(1)
3.3.4 Environmental condition for survival of an intermediate host
Wet/moist condition ✓ (1)
3.3.5 TWO precautionary measures to prevent parasite infestation

• Avoid/fence off wet areas during grazing ✓
• Rotational grazing/resting veld ✓
• Zero grazing ✓
• Veld burning ✓
• Breed animals resistant to parasite infestation ✓
• Clean drinking water ✓
• Provision of good nutrition ✓ (Any 2) (2)

3.4 Animal handling
3.4.1 TWO reasons for handling farm animals

• Normal management programmes of animals/dehorning/ marking/castration/docking✓
• Prevention/treatment of parasites/dosing/vaccination ✓
• Determination of the animal’s age ✓
• Determination of pregnancy ✓
• Generation of data such as growth rate, mass and market readiness ✓
• Transportation of animals ✓ (Any 2) (2)

3.4.2 Effect of incorrect handling practice

1. Animals will flee/lash out/injures the handler/get startled ✓(1)
2. Sheep will be injured/damage the skin ✓(1)
3. There will be fighting/aggression v(1)

3.5 TWO basic housing requirements

• Protection from extreme climatic conditions/direct solar radiation/rain/ wind ✓
• Sufficient/adequate lighting ✓
• Provision of cooling/heating systems ✓
• Provision of bedding ✓
• Food and clean water should be easily accessible ✓
• Easy movement of workers should be ensured ✓
• Housing construction must be cost-effective ✓
• Appropriate size to minimize over-crowding ✓ (Any 2) (2)

3.6 Diseases caused by micro-organisms in farm animals
3.6.1 Identification of the letters

1. Mastitis ✓(1)
2. Virus ✓(1)
3. Dark/red urine ✓(1)
4. Wool sheep/Merino sheep ✓(1)
5. Protozoa ✓(1)

3.6.2 TWO roles of the state in the control of farm animal diseases

• Public awareness/notify public ✓
• Conduct research ✓
• Import/export bans ✓
• Supplying veterinary services ✓
• Generate and implement legislation ✓
• Control movement of animals/movement permits ✓
• Setting of quarantine zones✓ (Any 2) (2)

3.7 Salt poisoning in livestock
3.7.1 TWO symptoms of salt poisoning

• Increased thirst ✓
• Dry/red mucous membranes of the mouth ✓
• Hypersensitivity ✓
• Irritability ✓
• Excessive salivation ✓
• Increased urination/defecations ✓
• Constipation ✓
• Vomiting and regurgitation ✓
• Inflammation of the stomach ✓
• Abdominal pain and diarrhoea✓
• Wobbling/staggering/circling/blindness/seizures/paralysis ✓
• Dragging the hind legs/knuckling of the fetlock ✓
• Aggressiveness ✓ (Any 2) (2)

3.7.2 TWO ways of treating animals with salt poisoning

• Immediate removal of the source ✓
• Treatment with hypertonic dextrose/isotonic saline solution ✓
• Provision of fresh/clean water ✓(Any 2) (2)

[35]

QUESTION 4: ANIMAL REPRODUCTION
4.1 Diagram of a sperm cell
4.1.1 Identification of Part A
Nucleus ✓(1)
4.1.2 Letter of the part representing the acrosome
B ✓(1)
4.1.3 Function of the Parts

1. Part D Provides energy to the sperm cell for movement ✓(1)
2. Part E Facilitates/propel movement of the sperm cell v(1)

4.2 Male reproductive organs
4.2.1 Vas/ductus deferens/seminal tube ✓ (1)
4.2.2 Prostate gland ✓ (1)
4.2.3 Epididymis/vesicular gland/seminal vesicle ✓ (1)
4.3 Hormonal control during the oestrus cycle
4.3.1 Definition of oestrus cycle
Recurring periods of oestrus ✓ alternating with sexual rest ✓ (2)
4.3.2 Process at B
Ovulation ✓ (1)
4.3.3 Function of luteinising hormone

• Stimulates the rupturing of the Graafian follicles/causes ovulation ✓
• For maturation of oocytes ✓
• For the formation of corpus luteum ✓
• Facilitates the capturing of the ova/tightening the infundibulum✓
  (Any 1) (1)

4.3.4 THREE signs of oestrus in cows

• Mounts other cows ✓
• Restlessness ✓
• Swelling of the vulva✓
• Excessive mucus secretion from the vulva✓
• Mucus membranes of the vagina appears red and moist✓
• Scratches, manure and mud on the rear end✓
• Cows sniffs/licks the genitalia of other cows✓
• Tail/head/rump hair is fluffed up✓
• Raised tail ✓
• Loss of appetite✓
• Decrease in milk production✓
• Allows Mating✓(Any 3) (3)

4.4 Stages of the oestrus cycle
A bar graph on the duration (in days) of the different stages in the oestrus cycle in various female farm animals

Criteria/rubric/marking guidelines

• Correct heading ✓
• X-axis: Correct calibrations and labelled (Various female farm animals) ✓
• Y-axis: Correct calibrations and labelled (Duration)✓
• Correct unit (Days) ✓
• Bar graph ✓
• Accuracy ✓ (6)

4.5 Technique used by farmers
4.5.1 Identification of the technique
Artificial Insemination/AI ✓ (1)
4.5.2 TWO characteristics of good, quality semen

• Colour - whitish to yellowish/milky/opaque ✓
• Sticky ✓
• Less than 15 % dead sperm cells/less mortality rate ✓
• 80% of sperm cells showing forward movement/mobility/ motility/viability ✓
• Less than 20 % deformation/normal morphology ✓
• Characteristic odour ✓
• Healthy/disease free semen ✓
• pH - 6,4 to 6,9/slightly acidic ✓
• Concentration - 1,1 to 4,5 billion sperm cells per ml ✓
• Volume - 4 to 8ml ✓ (Any 2) (2)

4.5.3 Apparatus held by the hand A
Pistolette/insemination gun ✓ (1)
4.5.4 Best time for inseminating a cow
The next morning ✓ (1)
4.5.5 ONE negative effect of technique by inexperienced person

• Injury of the reproductive tract of the cow ✓
• Unexpected low pregnancy result ✓ (Any 1) (1)

4.6 Reproductive technique conducted in cows
4.6.1 Reproductive technique
Embryo transplant/ET ✓ (1)
4.6.2 Letters representing the FIRST TWO stages in sequence
E ✓
C ✓ (2)
4.6.3 TWO benefits of the technique to farmers

• More progeny produced from best cows✓
• More profit ✓
• Fast genetic improvement of the herd ✓
• Productive life of older cows is extended ✓
• Breeding animals with improved efficiency of production ✓
• Genes in a herd are conserved/prevent extinction of valuable animals ✓ (Any 2) (2)

4.7 Stage of pregnancy
4.7.1 Term for a fertilised diploid cell
Zygote ✓ (1)
4.7.2 Cell containing 16 cells of the stage
Morula ✓ (1)
4.7.3 TWO non-infectious causes of termination of pregnancy

• Injuries ✓
• Malnutrition/incorrect feeding ✓
• High dosage of drugs and hormones ✓
• Chemical poisoning/strong laxative/toxic feeds✓
• Maltreatment/stress/trauma ✓
• Transportation ✓
• Vaccination ✓
• Embryo abnormalities/ovum/sperm defects ✓
• Genetic defects ✓
• Multiple foetus pregnancies ✓ (Any 2) (2)

[35]
TOTAL SECTION B: 105
GRAND TOTAL: 150