HISTORY
PAPER 1
GRADE 12 
NSC EXAMS PAST PAPERS AND MEMOS JUNE 2019

INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION 

1. This question paper consists of SECTION A and SECTION B based on the  prescribed content framework in the CAPS document. 
   SECTION A: SOURCE-BASED QUESTIONS 
   QUESTION 1: THE COLD WAR: CONTAINMENT AND BRINKMANSHIP – THE CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS
   QUESTION 2: INDEPENDENT AFRICA: CASE STUDY – ANGOLA
   QUESTION 3: CIVIL SOCIETY PROTESTS FROM THE 1950s TO THE  1970s: THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT 
   SECTION B: ESSAY QUESTIONS 
   QUESTION 4: EXTENSION OF THE COLD WAR: CASE STUDY – CHINA
   QUESTION 5: INDEPENDENT AFRICA: COMPARATIVE CASE STUDY – THE CONGO AND TANZANIA
   QUESTION 6: CIVIL SOCIETY PROTESTS FROM THE 1950s TO THE  1970s: THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT 
2. SECTION A consists of THREE source-based questions. Source material  that is required to answer these questions can be found in the ADDENDUM. 
3. SECTION B consists of THREE essay questions. 
4. Answer TWO questions as follows:
   4.1 ONE must be a source-based question AND
   4.2 ONE must be an essay question 
5. You are advised to spend at least ONE hour per question. 
6. When answering questions, you should apply your knowledge, skills and  insight. 
7. You will be disadvantaged by merely rewriting the sources as answers.
8. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in  this question paper. 
9. Write clearly and neatly.

QUESTIONS 

SECTION A: SOURCE-BASED QUESTIONS 
Answer ONE question from this section. Source material that is required to  answer these questions can be found in the ADDENDUM. 
QUESTION 1: HOW DID THE CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS LEAD TO COLD  WAR TENSIONS BETWEEN THE USA AND USSR IN THE  1960s? 
Study Sources 1A, 1B, 1C and 1D to answer the questions that follow. 1.1 Study Source 1A. 
1.1.1 Which country, according to the source, was under attack? (1 x 1) (1) 
1.1.2 What evidence in the source suggests that America was behind the  invasion? (2 x 1) (2) 
1.1.3 Using the source and your own knowledge, explain why Khrushchev  was determined to help Cuba. (2 x 2) (4) 
1.1.4 Who were the ‘armed bands’ that Khrushchev referred to? (1 x 1) (1) 1.2 Refer to Source 1B. 
1.2.1 Find a historical concept from the source that best fits each of the  following definitions: 

1.  A political system where the means of production is owned by the state (1 x 2) (2) 
2. A political system where the powers are vested in the hands  of one person only (1 x 2) (2) 

1.2.2 Provide TWO quotes from the source that suggest that the USA was  not responsible for the Bay of Pigs invasion. (2 x 1) (2) 
1.2.3 With reference to Sources 1A and 1B, explain why the viewpoints of  Khrushchev and Kennedy differ with regards to the Bay of Pigs  Invasion. (2 x 2) (4) 
1.2.4 Compare Sources 1A and 1B. How do the two sources contradict  each other with regards to the reasons for the Bay of Pigs Invasion? (2 x 2) (4) 
1.2.5 Use your own knowledge to explain whether the Bay of Pigs  Invasion was successful. (1 x 1) (1)
1.3 Read Source 1C. 
1.3.1 List any TWO counties that had American nuclear weapons  capable of destroying Russia. (2 x 1) (2) 
1.3.2 Quote ONE reason as to why Russia decided to place nuclear  missiles in Cuba. (1 x 1) (1) 
1.3.3 In your opinion, why did Kennedy not invade Cuba immediately to  destroy the missiles? (2 x 2) (4) 
1.4 Consult Source 1D. 
1.4.1 Explain why this source is biased against Khrushchev. Use visual  clues from the source to support your answer. (2 x 2) (4) 
1.4.2 Using the source and your own knowledge, explain how the Cuban  Missile Crisis was resolved. (2 x 2) (4) 
1.4.3 Use your own knowledge to explain the impact of the Cuban  Missile Crisis on the political career of Khrushchev. (2 x 2) (4) 
1.5 Using the information in the relevant sources and your own knowledge, write  a paragraph of about EIGHT lines (80 words) explaining how the Cuban  Missile Crisis led to tensions between the USA and the USSR in the 1960s. (8) [50]

QUESTION 2: WHY DID CUBA BECOME INVOLVED IN THE ANGOLAN  CIVIL WAR? 
Study Sources 2A, 2B, 2C and 2D and answer the following questions.
2.1 Study Source 2A. 
2.1.1 List TWO reasons Deutschman proposes for Cuba’s involvement in  the Angolan Civil War. (2 x 1) (2) 
2.1.2 Provide TWO quotes from paragraph 1 that proves that Cuba did not  get involved in Angola for material interests. (2 x 1) (2) 
2.1.3 Explain what Risquet meant when he said, ‘Proof of that is that when  our presence is no longer needed, we will withdraw’. (2 x 2) (4) 
2.1.4 Was Deutschman correct to believe that Cuba was acting as a  puppet of the Soviet Union? Support your answer with TWO  comprehensive points from paragraph 3. (2 x 2) (4)
2.2 Refer to Source 2B. 
2.2.1 Provide TWO quotes from paragraph 1 which suggest that Cuba and  Angola have a common heritage. (2 x 1) (2) 
2.2.2 Find a historical concept in paragraph 3 that best fits each of the  following definitions: 

1. Unfair treatment of people based on the colour of their skin  (1 x 2) (2)
2. A policy of extending a country’s political and economic power  over other countries through colonisation (1 x 2) (2) 

2.2.3 Comment on Castro’s statement that, ‘Yankee imperialism, without  scruples (conscience) of any kind, has launched South African  mercenary troops in an attempt to crush Angola’s independence and  is now outraged by our help to Angola …’. (2 x 2) (4) 
2.3 Read Source 2C. 
2.3.1 What, according to the source posed a bigger threat to South Africa, other than the emergence of an independent black African nation?  (Paragraph 1) (1 x 2) (2) 
2.3.2 Use the source and your own knowledge to explain why SA became  involved in the Angolan Civil War. (2 x 2) (4) 
2.3.3 List any TWO reasons why South Africa believed that Cuba should  not control Southern Africa. (Paragraph 3) (2 x 1) (2)
2.4 Study Sources 2B and 2C. Explain why these two sources present such  different viewpoints with regards to Cuba’s involvement in Angola. Use  evidence from both sources to support your answer. (2 x 2) (4) 
2.5 Consult Source 2D. 
2.5.1 What messages do the picture convey about the relationship  between Cuba and Angola? Support your answer with reference to  the visual clues in the source. (2 x 2) (4) 
2.5.2 Comment on the usefulness of this source for a historian researching  the involvement of Cuba in the Angolan Civil War. (2 x 2) (4) 
2.6 Using the information in the relevant sources and your own knowledge, write  a paragraph of about EIGHT lines (about 80 words) explaining the reasons for  Cuba’s involvement in the Angolan Civil War. (8) [50]

QUESTION 3: WHAT WERE THE REASONS FOR THE FORMATION OF THE  BLACK POWER MOVEMENT IN THE USA IN THE 1960s? 
Study Sources 3A, 3B, 3C and 3D and answer the following questions.
3.1 Study Source 3A. 
3.1.1 Provide FOUR words from the source that suggest that Black people were ill-treated by police in California. (Paragraph 1) (4 x 1) (4) 
3.1.2 List any TWO reasons why the Black Panther Party felt that the  American government was racist towards people of colour. (Paragraph 2) (2 x 1) (2) 
3.1.3 Explain why you think the Black Panther Party was correct to  advocate a policy of self-defence against white supremacy. (Paragraph 3) (2 x 2) (4) 
3.1.4 Comment on the statement that, ‘The black communities of America  must rise up as one man to halt the progression of a trend that leads  inevitably to their total destruction.’ (1 x 2) (2) 
3.2 Refer to Source 3B. 
3.2.1 Why, according to the source, were the police watching the  members of the Black Power Movement? (Paragraph 1) (1 x 1) (1) 
3.2.2 What evidence in the source suggests that the Black Power  Movement received massive support from the Black community?  (Paragraph 1) (2 x 1) (2) 
3.2.3 What do you think Malcolm X meant when he said, ‘We were  dealing with power to all the people not just black power’? (1 x 2) (2) 
3.2.4 Do you think that the Black Power Movement was established for  self-defence only? Support your answer with TWO comprehensive  points from paragraph 3. (2 x 2) (4) 
3.3 Read Source 1C. 
3.3.1 What, according to Malcolm X, was the basis for the success of both  the American and French Revolutions? (Paragraph 1) (1 x 1) (1) 
3.3.2 Find a historical concept that best fits each of the following  definitions: 

1. A violent overthrow of the government (Paragraph 1) (1 x 2) (2)
2. The end of separation between races (Paragraph 4) (1 x 2) (2)

3.3.3 Use the information in the source and your own knowledge to  explain Malcolm X’s stance on violence. (2 x 2) (4) 
3.4 Compare Source 3A to Source 3C. How does the information in Source 3A  support the evidence in Source 3C with regards to the Black Power  Movement’s reasons for self-defence? (2 x 2) (4) 
3.5 Consult Source 3D. 
3.5.1 What can you learn about the relationship between Fidel Castro and  Malcolm X? (2 x 2) (4) 
3.5.2 Explain the usefulness of this source for historians studying the  reasons for the American dislike of the Black Power Movement.   (2 x 2) (4) 
3.6 Using the information in the relevant sources and your own knowledge, write  a paragraph of about EIGHT lines (about 80 words) explaining the reasons  for the formation of the Black Power Movement in the USA in the 1960s. (8) [50] 

TOTAL SECTION A: 50

SECTION B: ESSAY QUESTIONS 
Answer ONE question from this section.  
Your essay should be about THREE pages long. 

QUESTION 4: CASE STUDY – CHINA 
Mao Zedong’s policies of the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution  was an attempt to strengthen communism and to transform China into a  communist superpower. 
Explain to what extent Mao was successful in achieving this goal between 1958  and 1976. [50] 

QUESTION 5: INDEPENDENCE IN AFRICA IN THE 1960s AND 1970s – CONGO AND TANZANIA 
With reference to the social, economic and political policies implemented by Julius  Nyerere and Mobuto Sese Seko after independence, critically assess whether they  were successful in their aims of economic independence and self-reliance. [50] 

QUESTION 6: CIVIL SOCIETY PROTESTS FROM THE 1950s TO THE 1970s – CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT 
‘The protest actions of the Civil Rights Movement led to the termination of the most  obvious forms of racial discrimination in the USA in the 1960s.’ 
Do you agree with the statement? Substantiate your answer with relevant historical  evidence. [50] 

TOTAL SECTION B: 50 
GRAND TOTAL: 100