RELIGION STUDIES PAPER 1
GRADE 12
NOVEMBER 2019
MEMORANDUM
NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE

SECTION A (COMPULSORY)
QUESTION 1
NOTE: Credit the candidate if the correct word is provided instead of the letter.
1.1.
1.1.1 B √ (1)
1.1.2 D √ (1)
1.1.3 A √ (1)
1.1.4 A √ (1)
1.1.5 D √ (1)
1.1.6 D √ (1)
1.1.7 A √ (1)
1.1.8 C √ (1)
1.1.9 C √ (1)
1.1.10 D √ (1)
1.2
1.2.1 Murtis. √
The others belong to Islam. √ (2)
1.2.2 Reverend. √
The others belong to African Traditional Religion. √ (2)
1.2.3 King George. √
The others were kings of the Israelites /in Old Testament times/ belong to Biblical scripture. √ (2)
1.2.4 Evolution. √
The others belong to Taoism. /They refer to the two opposing forces in the universe. √ (2)
NOTE: Credit the candidate if the correct word is provided instead of the letter.
1.3.1 G √ (1)
1.3.2 A √ (1)
1.3.3 D √ (1)
1.3.4 B √ (1)
1.3.5 H √ (1)
1.3.6 E √ (1)
1.3.7 F √ (1)
1.3.8 I √ (1)
1.4
1.4.1 False √
Fundamentalists believe in a literal interpretation of their scriptures. √ OR
Liberals believe in a metaphorical interpretation of their scriptures. √ (2)
1.4.2 True √√ (2)
1.4.3 False √
Only the Pali Canon belongs to Buddhism. √ OR
The Kitàb-i-Aqdas is the sacred scripture of the Bahá'i faith. √ (2)
1.4.4 False √
The Sunnis believe this √ OR
The Hadith are a matter of contention between the Sunnis and the Shi'ites. √ (2)
1.5
1.5.1 Protestant/ Reformation √(1)
1.5.2 Dharma √ (1)
1.5.3 Shintoism/Shinto √ (1)
1.5.4 Orthodox Jews √ (1)
1.5.5 Calvary/Golgotha √ (1)
1.5.6 Dogmas √ (1)
1.6
1.6.1 Two different belief systems combined to form a new one. √
It is a tendency to accommodate and adapt, or even mix, the forms, beliefs and thought patterns of different traditions. √
An example is Sikhism, which combines teachings of Islam and Hinduism. (2)
1.6.2 It refers to Buddhist scripture. √
It is a collection of the teachings of Buddha. √
The Sutta are gathered in the second part of the Pali Canon. √ (2)
1.6.3 This is a Hindu priest/learned man. √
Pundits preserve the Sanskrit tradition. √
A pundit conducts rituals, and officiates at weddings, and other religious functions. √ (2)
1.6.4 In African Traditional Religion, a diviner is known as an inyanga/ ngaka/isangoma/n’anga/nanga. √
Being a diviner is a 'calling'. √
He is a mediator between the living and the ancestors. √ (2)
1.6.5 He is the founder of Taoism, a popular religion in China. √
His teachings are recorded in the Tao Te Ching. √
He was born with white hair. He had spent eight or eighty years in his mother's womb. √ (2)
NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited.
TOTAL SECTION A: 50

SECTION B
QUESTION 2
2.1
2.1.1

• The article is about different religions coming together to work for the common good of the community.
• This is a good example of interreligious co-operation and unity.
• The religions are protesting against ills in society, especially crime and violence.
• The march will exert pressure on government.
• In this instance, religion is not just preaching, but taking a stand and getting down to action.
• Religion is using faith, prayer and spiritual ways to fight social problems: it goes beyond secular thinking.
• Religions are uniting to observe the International Day of Peace and they are doing it in a peaceful manner.
• Religious communities are encouraged to work together, and interreligious relationships are strengthened.

NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. (6)
2.1.2

• Silence is effective as an orderly and peaceful way to raise awareness about peace.
• The silence would be a suitable common action, showing respect and being inclusive of all the religions.
• Silence encourages introspection and soul searching/
• Silence could be a sign of meditation, dignity or connection to the Creator.
• Silence is to honour those who have died as a result of the violence.

NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. (6)
2.1.3

• We know that other religions were included because they are part of the interreligious organisations, the CTII and Religious Leaders Forum.
• CTII and Religious Leaders Forum include all the major religions in South Africa. (4)

2.1.4

• ‘Colourful' could refer to the colourful appearance of the various religious dress codes, gowns and symbols.
• It symbolises religious tolerance.
• It could also refer to the mix of people/religions from all walks of life and from all religious and national groups/races.
• Colourful could also convey the uplifting mood or spirit of those who took part in the march.

NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. (4)
2.1.5

• People quoted in the article are Berry Behr chairperson of CTII, Princess Chantal Revell of Katz Korana royal house and the deputy president of MJC.
• This is a balanced, representative and inclusive report.
• The CTII represents all the major religions.
• Princess Chantal Revell represents the traditional leaders.
• The deputy president of MJC represents both Islam and the organisers of the march.
• The result of this is that the reader feels positive about religion.
• The reader believes that there was religious harmony at the event.
• The reader also gets the impression that the march was inclusive, as it was supported by a number of religions.
• President Cyril Ramposa’s representatives were handed a memorandum. The reader sees this as government being pressurised to act against social ills.

NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. (10)
2.2

Both stereotyping and bias show a point of view that is not reasoned, researched and objective.

Both include a pre-determined opinion.

They are not based on fact. (4)

2.3.
2.3.1

• Use social media to gain information regarding religion.
• It is very convenient for the publication of religious issues.
• It is an immediate, creative and entertaining way of gaining religious information.
• It is important to keep updated and current so that one is aware of religious issues, and able to interact with understanding.
• It inspires and strengthens one's faith.

NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. (8)
2.3.2

• Social media creates sensation around religion.
• There is a great deal of fake news about religion.
• There is much heated reaction to events as they unfold, which influence the unfolding of the story even before the facts are determined and a reasoned approach can be taken.
• Anonymity emboldens people to act in hurtful, harmful, false and angry ways on social media.
• Religious people may be misled by negative comments, and could weaken their faith.
• NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. (8)
  [50]
  

QUESTION 3
3.1
3.1.1

• Difference means two or more religions have features that are unlike.
  EXAMPLE
• The difference between Sunni and Shi'a Muslims began over the status of various Hadith.
  NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. (4)

3.1.2

• Belief is the positive acceptance in faith of the teaching of a religion.
  EXAMPLE
• Belief in the Trinity is a central belief in Christianity.
• Belief in life after death is common in the Abrahamic religions.
  NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. (4)

3.1.3

• Comparability means that two or more religions are able to be compared.
• They have similarities and differences.
  EXAMPLE
• Christianity and Buddhism are comparable because they have many similarities and some differences.
  NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. (4)

3.1.4

• It means working towards a common goal.
  EXAMPLE
• There is religious unity when various religions work together to provide humanitarian aid.
  NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. (4)

3.2
3.2.1

• In Taoism the Tao cannot be described, but that does not stop Taoists from trying.
• The divine is huge and spacious.
• Creation happens in it and pours forth from it. (4)

3.2.2

• When the first generation died, their spirits joined the spirit world. This was the beginning of the ancestors.
• Ancestors are the messengers of the Creator and supervisors of the physical world.
• Ancestors play a very important role in ATR, as mediators and protectors of the clan.
• The ancestors reveal themselves to the living in various ways, often through dreams and visions.
• The isangoma/diviner has a special calling, to act as mediator between humans and the ancestors.

NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. (4)
3.2.3

Manifestation of God in three persons (God the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit).

• Trinity means three in one or one in three.
• God the Father is the Creator.
• The Son is the Saviour.
• The Holy Spirit is the Counsellor.

NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited (4)
3.2.4

• Nirvana refers to the highest achievement according to Theravada Buddhism.
• It is a state of perfect happiness and peace.
• It is release from suffering, the highest goal of Buddhist practice.
  NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. (4)

3.3
3.3.1

• A religion has teachings in order to pass on knowledge and understanding to all – both members and non-members.
• When members actively embrace the religion's teaching in faith and conviction, it becomes their belief.
• Behind every belief there is a teaching, so the two go hand-in-hand.
• A teaching does not necessarily lead to belief. A belief applies only to those who actively take the step of acceptance.

NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. (4)
3.3.2

• Belief, a positive and strongly held conviction, will influence how one lives and what one does.
• Therefore belief will lead to action or practice.
• Practice is the tangible demonstration of a belief.

NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. (4)
3.4.1

• Followers of the Bahá'i faith believe that Bahá'u'llah is the most recent of God's messengers.
• Their most holy book is the Kitàb-i-Aqdas.
• The Bahá'i faith is a religion that has not yet produced any major subdivisions.
• The Bahá'i faith believes that in time there will be only one religion in the world, the Bahá'i faith.
• They teach that all religions can be seen as different stages of humanity's spiritual development as we move towards a one world faith.
• The central teaching of Bahá'u'llah is the unity of human kind.

NOTE: Any TWO relevant answers must be credited. (4)
3.4.2

• Jews entered into a covenant with God.
• They see themselves as the chosen nation because God bestows special favour on them.
• The Ten Commandments were revealed directly from God to Moses.
• The Jews believe that God will send a Messiah to save His chosen people.
• Jews were the first religious group to observe the Sabbath.

NOTE: Other relevant responses must be credited. (6)
[50]

QUESTION 4
4.1
4.1.1 Armed conflict (2)
4.1.2

• The children are exploited for cheap labour or for profit.
• Children become victims of sexual abuse.
• Children are the victims of human trafficking.

NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. (4)
4.2
4.2.1

• According to the extract, religion 'emphasises the beauty, sacredness and value of the child'.
• In other words religion teaches that children are special and sacred. They should be loved, nurtured and protected. (2)

4.2.2 EXAMPLE 1: CHRISTIANITY

• In the Bible Jesus is quoted as saying 'Suffer little children to come unto me'.
• Children are seen as a gift from God.
• This means that children are to be valued and respected and not neglected.

EXAMPLE 2: AFRICAN TRADITIONAL RELIGION

• Children are gifts from the ancestors and therefore should be taken good care of.
• It takes a village to bring up a child.
• Your child is my child.
• The whole community must look after the children.

NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. If more than one religion is mentioned, only the first religion is credited.(4)
4.3
4.3.1 'partnership'(2)
4.3.2 EXAMPLE 1

• Gift of the Givers
• Religion: Islam

EXAMPLE 2

• The Salvation Army
• Religion: Christianity/denomination: Salvation Army

NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. (4)
4.3.3 EXAMPLE 1: GIFT OF THE GIVERS

• Its founder is a medical doctor who seems to have experienced a special calling to help people in need.
• In a relatively short time this organisation has won the respect and acclaim of people for the marvellous humanitarian work that it does.
• It is very well organised and has many volunteers.
• It has helped in crises both locally within South Africa and all over the world.
• It helps wherever there is a need, whatever the nationality or religion.
• Much of its work is in the form of aiding victims by providing essential supplies, such as food, water, shelter and medical supplies and equipment.

EXAMPLE 2: THE SALVATION ARMY

• The new idea that its founder (William Booth 1865) had, was to take the church outside the church building to help people who are in need.
• His emphasis was both evangelism and social good works.
• Thus the Salvation Army is both a denomination of Christianity and a humanitarian organisation.
• They are constantly collecting resources such as clothes and food, in addition to funds, for their ongoing support of the needy.
• The spirit in which they carry out their good works is with warmth and care. They are against any form of 'cold charity'.

NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. (8)
4.4
4.4.1This agreement on the human rights of the child is supported by more countries and people of the world than any other human rights agreement that has ever been drawn up.(2)
4.4.2 SIMILARITIES

• The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) holds for all people, including children.
• The values they embrace overlap – such as, human dignity, equality, freedom, justice.
• These are values that give dignity to the human being.

DIFFERENCES

• Whilst the UDHR applies to all people, including children, the UN felt that children were a category that needed special attention.
• Children need special care and protection because of their vulnerability.

NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. (8)
4.5

• Followers of religion are likely to be moulded by the values and teaching of their religion to be compassionate and to serve others.
• They are likely to respond positively to wanting to serve the interests of children, as called for by the Convention.
• They already have the background and formation to encourage the attitudes and behaviours called for in the Convention.
• Much of the formation and training called for by the Convention is similar to what religions do in any case.
• Religions would be keen to partner with the UN and others because it strengthens support for the work on all sides.

NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. (6)
4.6

• The first Parliament of World Religions (PWR), held in Chicago, America, in 1893, was a sideshow in the World Columbian Exposition, a major exhibition of worldwide industrial progress.
• There was no plan for it to be an ongoing, regular event.
• The second PWR was held in 1993 when two Hindu monks from the Vivekananda Vedanta Society of Chicago thought it would be a good idea to celebrate the centenary of the first PWR.
• At the first PWR the talk by swami Vivekananda had made an impression because it helped the Western world understand Hinduism better.
• Thus PWR came into existence almost accidentally.
• In contrast the WCRP was a thought-out and planned interreligious body, an outcome of the PWR.
• Religious leaders who were part of PWR, thought about organising an interreligious gathering to address world peace.
• This resulted in a summit at Kyoto, Japan, October 1970.
• They decided to form an interreligious body, the World Conference of Religions for Peace.

NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. (8)
[50]

QUESTION 5
5.1
5.1.1

• This is a key concept in Taoism.
• All the world's processes are made up of two opposing forces.
• Yin is passive, dark, yielding, female.
• Yang is active, light, forceful, male. (4)

5.1.2

• In life it is best to be flexible and go with the flow of how things are.
• One should accept one's destiny, even if it is contrary to one's plans. (2)

5.2
5.2.1 In all three religions these are devout, holy, spiritual people. (2)
5.2.2

• Bodhisattva in Buddhism: this is someone who has achieved the compassionate mind of Nirvana, and yet chooses to put himself at the service of others to help them achieve enlightenment.
• Sannyasin in Hinduism: this is someone who chooses the optional stage of the devout person in Hinduism. He withdraws from society, gives up all possessions and wanders.
• Saint in Christianity: any holy person may be described as a saint. However, in the Catholic tradition it is usually understood as someone who has formally been declared a saint, after a long process of discernment and examination, to be publicly looked up to as a model of a person close to God. We say the person has been canonised and is a saint.

5.3
5.3.1

• This belief is found in Christianity.
• Incarnation is the belief that in the person of Jesus, God became man.
• Jesus, as the second person of the Trinity, the Son of God, is both divine and human. (6)

5.3.2

• This belief is found in Hinduism and Buddhism.
• Reincarnation is the belief in the ongoing cycle of birth-death-rebirth.
• Karma determines what happens in the next life, seen as reward or punishment for the way you live your present life.
• Moksha is the liberation from this cycle, when the soul is purified and united with God/the Great Soul of the Universe. (6)

5.4
5.4.1

• Similarity: they are both types of stories often used in religion.
• Difference: a myth explains a deep religious truth; a parable usually contains a moral, giving guidance as to what one should or should not do. (4)

5.4.2

• Similarity: they both refer to people who prefer to stick to the old, strict, 'old fashioned', ways of practising their religion.
• They would be the opposite of progressive or liberal thinkers in their religion.
• Difference: there is a difference in the degree to which they favour the old ways.
• A fundamentalist likes to stick to the old, strict ways, with a literal interpretation of the scriptures.
• The traditionalist also likes to stick to the old, strict ways, but is not as 'aggressive' as the fundamentalist. (4)

5.4.3

• Similarity: they are both subdivisions of Hinduism.
• Difference: followers of Vaishnavism worship Vishnu as their supreme deity; followers of Shaivism worship Shiva as their supreme deity. (4)

5.5
5.5.1 NOTE: If a correct symbol is shown as a drawing, this must be credited.
EXAMPLE 1: JUDAISM

• The icon/symbol for Judaism is either the menorah or Star of David.
• The menorah is the seven-branched candlestick used in their rituals.
• The Star of David has six points.
• David was a great king and shepherd of the Jewish people.

NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited.(4)
5.5.2 EXAMPLE 1: JUDAISM

• From ancient times their place of meeting was the synagogue.
• Under their great king Solomon, a temple was built in the capital city of Jerusalem.
• There was only one temple, the temple of Solomon.
• The temple was destroyed twice, the second time by the Romans and never rebuilt.
• The Wailing Wall, a sacred place for Jews today, is the remnant of the temple.

NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited.
5.5.3 EXAMPLE 1: JUDAISM

• Orthodox Jews who keep the laws and rules of Judaism strictly are recognisable by the way they dress: the men have long beards and they wear a tall black hat and long black coat.
• For prayer Jewish men wear a cap called a yarmulke, a prayer shawl called tallith and a tiny box containing scripture scrolls tied to their arm and forehead called phylacteries or tefillin.
• Women wear a prayer shawl (tallit) with fringes, while at prayer.

NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited.
5.5.1 NOTE: If a correct symbol is drawn, this must be credited.
EXAMPLE 2: CHRISTIANITY

• The icon/symbol for Christianity is the cross.
• It is a remembrance of Jesus' saving act by dying on the cross.
• Some crosses are shown with the dying figure of Jesus on it. These are called crucifixes.

NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. (4)
5.5.2 EXAMPLE 2: CHRISTIANITY

• Christians worship in a church.
• The different denominations design their churches differently.
• Other names for Christian places of worship, depending on the size, purpose and style of architecture are: cathedral, basilica, chapel and shrine.
• Some denominations prefer a plain hall-like place; others like a definite architectural style, such as a cathedral; others like ornate decorations – statues, flowers, stained-glass windows.

NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. (4)
5.5.3 EXAMPLE 2: CHRISTIANITY

• In several denominations the minister wears some kind of robe that identifies him/her in that role.
• Examples: the mitre and staff of a bishop, the robes and vestments of the priests and other ministers.
  NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. (4)

[50]
TOTAL SECTION B:100
GRAND TOTAL:150