CIVIL TECHNOLOGY(CONSTRUCTION)
GRADE 12
NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE
MEMORANDUM
NOVEMBER 2019

QUESTION 1: OHSA, SAFETY, MATERIALS, TOOLS, EQUIPMENT AND JOINING (GENERIC)
1.1
1.1.1 B ✓(1)
1.1.2 I ✓ (1)
1.1.3 A ✓ (1)
1.1.4 G/H ✓ (1)
1.1.5 C ✓ (1)
1.1.6 F ✓ (1)
1.1.7 J ✓ (1)
1.1.8 E ✓ (1)
1.2 Electroplating:

• protects metals against corrosion. ✓
• improves the engineering- and mechanical properties of metal. ✓
• may be used to increase the thickness of undersized parts.
• is decorative.
• will extend the life span.
  ANY TWO OF THE ABOVE (2)

1.3 Curing ✓ (1)
1.4 The moisture:

• delays/prevents the rapid drying of fresh concrete.
• prevents concrete from cracking. ✓
• ensures that fresh concrete hardens properly.
• allows adhesive bonding.
• increases strength of fresh concrete.
  ANY ONE OF THE ABOVE (1)

1.5

• When material is transported in bulk, it must be secured firmly. ✓
• When material is transported to higher levels, make sure that workers maintain a safe distance from the material being moved overhead. ✓
• When heavy material is transported with a lift/hoist/machine, a qualified person must take charge of operations.
• Wear appropriate personal protective equipment(PPE).
• Material must be transported in a safe way.
• Transport should not be overloaded with material.
  ANY TWO OF THE ABOVE (2)

1.6 Scaffold planks should:

• be made of a solid wood at least 228 mm wide and 38 mm thick. ✓
• be able to support the load.
• be free from defects.
• not be painted as it will hide defects/be slippery.
• be supported at distances not exceeding 1,25 m.
• not project less than 70 mm and not more than 230 mm beyond the ends of the last prop.
• be firmly secured to prevent its displacement.
• be placed in such a way to prevent materials and tools from falling through.
  ANY ONE OF THE ABOVE (1)

1.7
1.7.1 Dumpy level ✓ (1)
1.7.2 If the dumpy level is not set up level:

• it will give inaccurate readings. ✓
• wrong levels will be transferred.
• true levels will not be transferred.
  ANY ONE OF THE ABOVE (1)

1.8
1.8.1 A – Plastic plug/Plug/Rawl plug/Fisher plug/Fibre plug ✓ (1)
1.8.2 A screw ✓ (1)
1.8.3 Plastic plugs are used to secure:

• cupboards against a wall. ✓
• mirrors against a wall.
• portraits and similar objects against a wall.
• objects, limited to certain weight, against walls.
  ANY ONE OF THE ABOVE (1)

[20]

QUESTION 2: GRAPHICS AS MEANS OF COMMUNICATION (GENERICS)
ANSWER SHEET 2

ANSWER SHEET 2

NO.	QUESTION	ANSWER	MARKS
1	Identify the elevation in FIGURE A.	West Elevation ✓	1
2	Identify the type of roof that is used on the building in FIGURE A.	Hipped roof ✓	1
3	Identify number 1.	Ridge Capping/Ridge plate/Ridge tile/Hip cap ✓	1
4	Identify number 4	Balcony/Floor slab of balcony/Cantilever/Concrete slab ✓	1
5	Identify number 5	External door/Entrance door/Door/Outside door ✓	1
6	Identify number 7	Gutter ✓	1
7	Identify number 8	Rainwater down pipe/RWDP/Down pipe ✓	1
8	Identify number 12	Wash trough/Wash tub ✓	1
9	Identify number 13	Built-in cupboard/BIC ✓	1
10	Identify number 15	Landing ✓	1
11	Identify the company that printed the building plan.	Dlamini printers ✓	1
12	Name a suitable material that can be used for the manufacturing of number 2.	Fibre cement/Galvanised sheeting/ Timber/Plastic/PVC/Polyvinylchloride✓	1
13	Name the drawing symbol in the column for the notes in FIGURE 2 that must be installed in the kitchen.	Electricity meter/Electrical meter/Watt meter/Prepaid meter✓	1
14	Name the drawing symbol in the column for the notes in FIGURE 2 that indicates the type of bricks for the building	Face brick ✓	1
15	Name a material that should NOT be used to manufacture the frame of number 9 for coastal areas.	Steel/Mild steel/Iron/Ferrous metals ✓	1
16	Name a material that can be used to manufacture the sanitary fitting indicated by number 11.	Stainless steel/Plastic/Ceramic/ Granite/Acrylic/Fibre Glass/Concrete✓	1
17	Who checked the building plan?	P Carter ✓	1
18	How many types of windows are used in FIGURE B?	2 ✓	1
19	What does the abbreviation NGL at number 6 stand for?	Natural ground level ✓	1
20	Give the reference code for this plan.	QP 2-2019✓	1
21	Which room will electrical symbol 16 serve?	Lounge ✓
22	Describe the purpose of number 3.	Prevent people from falling off/through. ✓✓	2
23	Explain what the curved lines between the electrical installations in FIGURE B indicate.	Electrical wiring/Wiring/Electrical cable/Wiring from light switch to light/Shows which switch operates which electrical fitting. ✓✓	2
24	Explain why the light switch is mounted on the outside of the bathroom.	To prevent steam/moisture entering the switch/To prevent electrical shock due to moisture/For safety purposes ✓	1
25	Identify in FIGURE 2 which elevation does NOT have windows.	North elevation ✓	1
26	Identify the thickness of the internal wall in FIGURE 2.	North elevation ✓	1
27	Differentiate between symbols 13 and 15 in terms of their purpose.	110mm	2
28	Justify why FIGURE B is a ground floor plan	13 – Built-in cupboard: to store items. ✓ 15 – Landing: to rest/safety feature/change of direction of stairs ✓	1
29	Predict what will happen if number 10 is NOT installed.	Ground floorplan: does not indicate the roofline ✓ does not indicate the balcony indicate an entrance door to the house indicate a step at the entrance door the position of the windows and door correlate with the positions of the window and door on the west elevation	1
30	Redraw the staircase in FIGURE B in the adjacent column and indicate the direction of the flight with arrows.		2
31	Calculate the total length of the wall on the eastern side of the building. Show ALL calculations.	220 ✓ + 2 600 ✓ + 110 ✓ + 3 400 ✓+ 220 ✓ = 6 550 mm or 6,55 m✓ IF INCORRECT METHOD IS USED TO CALCULATE THE ANSWER USE THE FOLLOWING SLIDING SCALE: 4 MARKS WILL BE AWARDED IF ALL FIVE VALUES ARE CORRECT 3 MARKS FOR FOUR VALUES CORRECT 2 MARKS FOR THREE VALUES CORRECT 1 MARK FOR 2 VALUES CORRECT	6
	TOTAL:		40

QUESTION 3: ROOFS, STAIRCASES AND JOINING (SPECIFIC)
3.1
3.1.1 10° ✓ (1)
3.1.2 650 mm ✓ (1)
3.1.3 38 mm round poles ✓(1)
3.2 Predrilled hole filled with grout ✓
Bolt baluster onto the tread
Baluster bolted/screwed to the side of the tread/string
Bolt and nut
ANY ONE OF THE ABOVE (1)
3.3 Clout nails/Nails/Screws/Bolts ✓ (1)
3.4

3.5

DRAWING NOT TO SCALE
A MASK MUST BE USED TO MARK THIS QUESTION

(15)
[30]

QUESTION 4: EXCAVATIONS, FORMWORK, TOOLS, EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS (SPECIFIC)
4.1
4.1.1 600 mm ✓ (1)
4.1.2 1 meter ✓ (1)
4.1.3

• Heavy rains ✓
• Poor soil strata, structure or composition ✓
• Sides not dug at correct angle
• Improper use of formwork or shoring to support the walls
• Vibration by machinery or heavy vehicles nearby
• Water seeping into the excavated area
• Contact with underground service pipes
• Access to and exit from the excavation
• Trucks must not go near the edge of the excavation
• Soil slides due to cracks or loose soil
  ANY TWO OF THE ABOVE (2)

4.1.4 1,5 meter ✓ (1)
4.1.5 Benching can be done/Formwork/Shuttering can be installed ✓ (1)
4.2
4.2.1

1. - will be used in shallow trenches/loose soil ✓
2. - will be used in firm soil ✓ (2)

4.2.2 C- Poling boards 
D- Walling boards  (2)
4.2.3

1.  – Has no space between the boarding ✓
2.  – Has open spaces between the boards ✓ (2)

4.3
4.3.1 Power trowel float/Power float ✓ (1)
4.3.2

• Maintain like all machinery - lubricate and adjust according to the manufacturers, instruction. ✓
• Clean after use. ✓
• Store in a safe dry place.
• Service the power trowel float/power float regularly.
  ANY TWO OF THE ABOVE (2)

4.3.3

• Check for wear and damage parts before use. ✓
• Check controls for proper response before use. ✓ (2)

4.4 25/30 MPa ✓ (1)
4.5

• True slump ✓
• Shear slump ✓
• Collapsed slump ✓
  IF THE SECOND PART OF THE ANSWER “SLUMP” IS NOT MENTIONED A MAXIMUM OF 2 MARKS WILL BE AWARDED FOR THE QUESTION. (3)

4.6

• Damp sand/Sand ✓
• Clean sand
• Soil
• Sacking
• Straw
• Wood shavings
• Canvas
• Hessian
  ANY ONE OF THE ABOVE (1)

4.7

(18)

[40]

QUESTION 5: PLASTER AND SCREED, BRICKWORK AND GRAPHICS AS MEANS OF COMMUNICATION (SPECIFIC)
5.1

• Smooth plaster finish ✓
• Wavy plastered surface
• Bagging plaster finish
• Spatter dash finish
  ANY ONE OF THE ABOVE (1)

5.2 Wet the wall thoroughly ✓ (1)
5.3 Property of good plaster:

• Workable ✓
• Cohesive
• Good water retention ability
  ANY ONE OF THE ABOVE (1)

5.4 15 mm to 40 mm ✓ (1)
5.5
5.5.1

1. - Brick/Pavers/Cement paver ✓
2. - Bedding/Sand/Bedding sand/Screed ✓
3. - Base (mass concrete) ✓
4. - Damp proof membrane/DPM/Plastic sheeting/Damp proof course/DPC ✓
   (4)

5.5.2

• The concrete haunch is too thin to support itself. ✓
• There is too little weight to retain the structure and to keep the paving in place.
• The bond between the haunch and the edge units is weak.
• The sub-base is not contained and will be washed out by ground water.
• Poor ground preparation.
  ANY ONE OF THE ABOVE (1)

5.6

5.7

DRAWING NOT TO SCALE.
USE A MASK TO MARK THIS QUESTION.

[30]
Application of scale 1:5 ✓✓✓

QUESTION 6: REINFORCEMENT IN CONCRETE, FOUNDATIONS, CONCRETE FLOORS AND QUANTITIES (SPECIFIC)
6.1
6.1.1 D ✓ (1)
6.1.2 A/B ✓ (1)
6.1.3 C ✓ (1)
6.1.4 A ✓ (1)
6.1.5 D ✓ (1)
6.2 Pile foundations:

• Should be used when ground conditions are not stable or solid enough to support ordinary foundations. ✓
• Foundation piles distribute the load to more stable ground and can be used as underground or under water supports. ✓
• Piles provide stability when a raft or floating foundation is used.
• When structures are subjected to horizontal forces, pile foundations resist bending stress while still lending vertical support.
• Where soils are prone to swelling and shrinking according to the moisture content.
• When the superstructure is exposed to up-lifting forces.
• Where soil erosion is possible, piles should be used to carry the load of the super structure.
  ANY TWO OF THE ABOVE (2)

6.3

• Drills ✓
• Tampers✓
• Pile drop hammer/Drop hammer ✓
• Trucks
• Cranes
  ANY THREE OF THE ABOVE (3)

6.4

(2)
6.5
6.5.1 Rib-and-block floor ✓ (1)
6.5.2

• Allow 28 days for the setting of the concrete slab.✓
• The concrete has to be kept moist for 7 days after casting to ensure curing. ✓
• Temporary propping can be removed when the in-situ concrete has reached a crushing strength of 17 MPa.✓
• Adhere to the normal formwork striking times.
• Ensure minimum movement on the rib-and- block floor after casting.
• Normal construcion activities can only continue after the concrete has set properly.
• Inspect for visible defects.
  ANY THREE OF THE ABOVE (3)

6.5.3 In-situ concrete/Mass concrete/Reinforced concrete ✓ (1)
6.5.4 The width/length/size of the concrete hollow block. ✓(1)
6.5.5

• The concrete can crack. ✓
• The structural integrity of the concrete may be compromised.
• Concrete/Structure can collapse.
  ANY ONE OF THE ABOVE (1)

6.6 (11)

6.7
6.7.1

[40]
TOTAL: 200