Agricultural Sciences
Paper 2 (P2)
Grade 12 
Nsc Past Papers And Memos
September 2016

QUESTIONS

 INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION 
1. This question paper consists of TWO sections, namely SECTION A and  SECTION B. 
2. Answer ALL questions in the ANSWER BOOK. 
3. Start EACH question on a NEW page. 
4. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in  this question paper. 
5. You may use a non-programmable calculator. 
6. Show ALL your calculations, including formulae, where applicable. 7. Write neatly and legibly.

SECTION A 
QUESTION 1 
1.1 Various options are provided as possible answers to the following  questions. Choose the answer and write only the letter (A–D) next to the  question number (1.1.1–1.1.10) in the ANSWER BOOK, for example  1.1.11 D. 
1.1.1 A breeder mated a good sire on a farm with a female of inferior  quality to improve the quality of a poor herd. The breeding  system used by the breeder is … 

A species crossing. 
B in-breeding. 
C upgrading. 
D out-crossing. 

1.1.2 ... refers to a lack of response to price change. For example  bread will be in demand even if the price rises. 

A Price inelasticity 
B Price elasticity 
C Elasticity of supply 
D Elasticity 

1.1.3 To establish a successful business venture, you need to have the  following: 

(i) Commitment 
(ii) Management skills 
(iii) leadership 
(iv) Academic degree 

Choose the correct combination: 

A (ii), (iii) and (iv) 
B (i), (ii) and (iii) 
C (i), (ii) and (iv) 
D (i), (iii) and (iv) 

1.1.4 One of the following descriptions constitutes a SWOT analysis of developing a business strategy: 

A Strengths, wealth, opportunities and time 
B Seriousness, weakness, opportunities and threats 
C Strengths, weakness, opportunities and trust 
D Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats

1.1.5 By the way of minimising or spreading risk, Grade 12 learners kept  sheep, chicken and sheep and also cultivated vegetables on one  farm. This is an example of … 

A niche marketing. 
B diversification. 
C co-operative marketing. 
D specialisation. 

1.1.6 The type of credit required to purchase the illustration below is ... credit. 

A medium term  
B long term  
C short term  
D minimum term  

1.1.7 The legislation which labour unions apply to fight against  inappropriate working hours, leave, over time and how wages must  be paid in the workplace. 

A Employment Equity Act 
B Labour Relations Act 
C Basic Conditions of Employment Act
D Skills Development Act 

1.1.8 The illustration below indicates one of the processes in which  chromosomes may change. 

A Inversion 
B Duplication 
C Translocation
D Deletion

1.1.9 One of the following is NOT a reason for drawing up a business  plan: 

A Attracting investors or finding potential partners 
B Obtaining financing 
C Mapping out the direction of your business 
D Employing a good entrepreneur 

1.1.10 A … refers to a plant or grouping of plants selected for desirable  characteristics. 

A hybrid 
B cultivar 
C mutagen 
D breed (10 x 2)

(20) 

1.2 Choose a term/phrase from COLUMN B that matches a term in COLUMN A. Write only the letter (A–J) next to the question number (1.2.1−1.2.5) in the  ANSWER BOOK, for example 1.2.6 K. 

 (5 x 2) (10)

1.3 Write the agricultural term/phrase for each of the following descriptions  next to the question number (1.3.1–1.3.5) in the ANSWER BOOK. 

1.3.1 An apparatus that fires bullets into a piece of plant tissue 
1.3.2 A sum of money provided for a specific purpose by a government  that does not have to be repaid 
1.3.3 Financial obligations such as the debts and loans that a company  owes 
1.3.4 Workers who are employed during peak periods, often for a  specific task such as harvesting  
1.3.5 The breeding system in which the offspring is always sterile or  cannot reproduce (5 x 2) (10) 

1.4 Change the UNDERLINED WORD/S in the following statements to make  them TRUE. Write only the appropriate word(s) next to the question  number (1.4.1–1.4.5) on the attached ANSWER SHEET. 

1.4.1 Cells are the units of inheritance. 
1.4.2 There is a/an liquidity of products when the quantity demanded  exceeds the quantity supplied. 
1.4.3 Capital is a production factor that does not depreciate, spoil,  become old or get used up. 
1.4.4 The approach that a company takes to marketing its products is  called consumer index. 
1.4.5 Negative external elements that could hamper the success of a  business is creativity. (5 x 1) (5) 

TOTAL SECTION A: 45

SECTION B 
QUESTION 2: AGRICULTURAL MANAGEMENT AND MARKETING
Start this question on a NEW page. 

2.1 Study the illustration below and answer QUESTIONS 2.1.1 to 2.1.3 based  on the illustration.

2.1.1 Identify the description marked XX in QUESTION 2.1. (1)
2.1.2 Explain your answer to QUESTION 2.1.1. (2)
2.1.3 Identify the letter K and the lines MM and BB in QUESTION 2.1. (3) 

2.2  

2.2.1 Tabulate the difference between marketing and selling. Provide  TWO descriptions EACH for marketing and selling. (4) 
2.2.2 State TWO main functions of agricultural marketing. (2)
2.2.3 Suggest TWO ways eco-labelling influence consumer behaviour. (2)
2.2.4 List TWO reasons why meat is processed. (2) 

2.3 The illustration below is an example of a marketing chain showing the  different components of supply chain and demand chain. 

2.3.1 Define the underlined description in QUESTION 2.3. (2) 
2.3.2 List TWO functions of post-harvest management in the marketing  chain. (2) 
2.3.3 Classify the following under either the supply chain or the demand  chain. 

(a) Value adding 
(b) Packaging 
(c) Cash flow and profitability (3) 

2.4 You met a potential farmer standing next to the signboard below. The  farmer asked you some questions about the signboard because the farmer  wants to join the co-operative society. 

2.4.1 Explain briefly what an agricultural co-operative society is to the  farmer. (2) 
2.4.2 State TWO benefits of agricultural co-operative societies for a farmer. (2)

2.5   

2.5.1 Predict TWO characteristics of a buyer who is a traditionalist. (2)
2.5.2 Identify TWO ways sellers could make a profit from the scenario. (2)
2.5.3 State TWO ways sellers could promote sales. (2) 

2.6 Differentiate between niche marketing and stock sales. (2)

[35]

QUESTION 3: PRODUCTION FACTORS  
Start this question on a NEW page. 
3.1 Different types of farm labour are indicated in the illustration A, B, C and D below. 

3.1.1 Indicate the type of farm labourer in illustrations A, B, C and D above that could be very scarce to commercial crop farmers. (1) 
3.1.2 Justify your answer to QUESTION 3.1.1 with TWO reasons. (2) 
3.1.3 Suggest TWO methods to improve the economic conditions of  the workers in the illustrations (3.1). (2) 
3.1.4 State a labour law that could apply in the following cases: 

(a) The tractor operator could fall from the tractor which is in  motion (1)
(b) The workers in D are no longer employed. (1)

3.2

3.2.1 Determine the net profit or loss of the farmer after two years. (3) 
3.2.2 Identify TWO methods the manager used to raise capital from the  scenario. (2) 
3.2.3 Mention ONE other method the manager could use to create  capital apart from the methods mentioned in QUESTION 3.2.2. (2) 
3.2.4 Recommend the best record that could show all the expected  income and expenditure over the period. (1) 

3.3 A potential farmer wants to cultivate vegetables on commercial basis. A  piece of land was sold to the farmer. When the farmer went to look at the  land, the land looked like the picture below.  

3.3.1 Suggest ONE economic characteristic of land as a production  factor that can best describe the photograph in 3.3. (1) 
3.3.2 Justify your answer in QUESTION 3.3.1 with TWO reasons. (2) 
3.3.3 State THREE functions of land as a production factor in  agriculture. (3)
3.3.4 Recommend TWO scientific methods to increase the productivity  of land for agricultural purposes. (2)

3.4   

 3.4.1 Identify TWO reasons from the scenario to justify why managing  poultry farm is different from managing a shop. (2) 
3.4.2 Mention the specific management skills required in the following:

(a) Being able to keep the farm profitable and successful (1)
(b) Being able to deal with labour problems (1)
(c) Being able to deal with unforeseen issues or problems (1) 

3.4.3 Outline TWO production risks that a farm manager may  experience in crop production. (2) 

3.5 The table below shows rice (in tons) exported by a commercial farmer for a  period of seven years. 

Translate the information into a line graph. (5)

[35]

QUESTION 4: BASIC AGRICULTURAL GENETICS 
Start this question on a NEW page. 
4.1

4.1.1 Calculate the EBVs of the parents. (4)
4.1.2 Calculate the expected genetic gain of the off-spring. (2) 

4.2  

4.2.1 Draw a punnet square to complete the crosses illustrated in 4.2. (4) 
4.2.2 State the possible percentage of white-faced offspring during the  F2 generation. (3) 
4.2.3 Give ONE appropriate genetic term to describe the differences in  appearance of the two animals. (1) 
4.2.4 Differentiate between phenotype and genotype. (2)

4.3

4.3.1 Solve the chromosomes of the zygote. (2)
4.3.2 Predict the gender of the offspring. (1)

4.4 Define the following terminologies: 

(a) Mutation (2)
(b) Out-crossing (2) 

4.5  

4.5.1 Deduce TWO aims of the genetic modification of plants. (2) 
4.5.2 Provide TWO advantages of genetic modification over traditional  methods. (2) 
4.5.3 List TWO disadvantages of inbreeding. (2) 4.5.4 Distinguish between pedigree selection and progeny selection. (4) 

4.6 State TWO environmental causes of variation in plants. (2) [35] 

TOTAL SECTION B: 105 
GRAND TOTAL: 150