INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION

1. The question paper consists of THREE questions.
2. All diagrams are included in the ANNEXURE.
3. Where possible, illustrate your answers with labelled diagrams.
4. Leave a line between subsections of questions answered.
5. Start EACH question at the top of a NEW page.
6. Number the questions correctly according to the numbering system used in this question paper.
7. Do NOT write in the margins of the ANSWER BOOK.
8. In SECTION B you are provided with a 1 : 50 000 topographical map (2529 BB LOUIS TRICHARDT) and an orthophoto map of a part of the mapped area.
9. Show ALL calculations and formulas provided, where applicable. Marks will be provided for these.
10. The unit of measurement must be given in the final answer where applicable, for example 10 km, 4 °C, east.
11. You may use a non-programmable calculator and a magnifying glass.
12. The area demarcated in RED and BLACK on the topographical map represents the area covered by the orthophoto map.
13. Write neatly and legibly.

QUESTIONS

SECTION A:
RURAL AND URBAN SETTLEMENTS AND ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY OF SOUTH AFRICA
QUESTION 1
1.1 Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions. Choose the answer and write only the letter (A–D) next to question numbers (1.1.1 to 1.1.8) in the ANSWER BOOK, for example 1.1.9 A.
1.1.1 … influence(s) the site of a rural settlement.

1. People
2. Water
3. Oil
4. Services

1.1.2 The shape of a linear settlement is usually determined by …

1. accessibility.
2. tradition.
3. canals.
4. security.

1.1.3 Land … is a process of compensating people for land that they lost.

1. reform
2. expropriation
3. tenure
4. restitution

1.1.4 … rural settlement patterns make larger profits.

1. Dispersed
2. Square
3. Crossroad
4. Nucleated

1.1.5 According to size and complexity, ... rank the second lowest in the hierarchy of settlements.

1. farmsteads
2. villages
3. hamlets
4. towns

1.1.6 … settlements are located on high lying areas because of the threat of flooding.

1. Dry point
2. Wet point
3. Semi-circular
4. T-shaped

1.1.7 Ghost towns/settlements describe rural areas where the ...

1. least educated people are left behind.
2. number of HIV/Aids people have increased.
3. buildings and farms are abandoned.
4. water and fertile land are scarce.

1.1.8 … is one of the challenges associated with land reform.

1. Expropriation
2. Social justice
3. Willing buyer/seller clause
4. Social injustice (8 x 1) (8)

1.2 Match the statements below with the terms City, Town or Village. Write only the question numbers (1.2.1 to 1.2.7) and your answer.eg. 1.2.8 Town.
1.2.1 Offers a wide variety of high order functions e.g., specialist doctors
1.2.2 Has a smaller sphere of influence
1.2.3 This settlement is not an example of a central place
1.2.4 Offers only low order services and functions
1.2.5 This settlement has the lowest threshold population
1.2.6 Has a higher rank on the urban hierarchy
1.2.7 Settlement that has the largest range (7 x 1) (7)
1.3 Refer to FIGURE 1.3 showing the consequences of rural depopulation.
1.3.1 Quote evidence from FIGURE 1.3 that suggests that the age structure is affected by depopulation in rural settlements. (1 x 1) (1)
1.3.2 Give TWO factors that cause rural depopulation. (2 x 1) (2)
1.3.3 Explain the negative social impact of rural depopulation on rural settlements. (2 x 2) (4)
1.3.4 Why is it so important to grow the economy of rural settlements? (2 x 2) (4)
1.3.5 Explain how the process of land redistribution would improve the economy of rural settlements in South Africa. (2 x 2) (4)
1.4 FIGURE 1.4 is a photograph of a CBD which is an urban land-use zone.
1.4.1 Give evidence from the photograph to support the statement that this is a Central Business District (CBD). (1 x 1) (1)
1.4.2 Why is the CBD classified as an urban land-use zone? (1 x 2) (2)
1.4.3 Describe TWO factors that would have determined the concentration of commercial functions in the CBD. (2 x 2) (4)
1.4.4 Explain why commercial decentralisation has impacted negatively on the CBD. (2 x 2) (4)
1.4.5 Suggest TWO strategies that could be implemented to make the CBD more attractive to businesses. (2 x 2) (4)
1.5 Read the case study in FIGURE 1.5 that highlights the urban settlement issue of a lack of service delivery.
1.5.1 According to the extract, how many informal settlements are stealing electricity? (1 x 1) (1)
1.5.2 Quote TWO basic services that are lacking in informal settlements. (2 x 1) (2)
1.5.3 Explain why municipalities struggle to provide basic services. (2 x 2) (4)
1.5.4 In a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines, explain the economic impact that a lack of basic services will have on the city of Johannesburg. (4 x 2) (8)
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QUESTION 2
2.1 Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions. Choose the answer and write only the letter (A–D) next to question numbers (2.1.1 to 2.1.7) in the ANSWER BOOK, for example 2.1.8 A.
2.1.1 The … sector refers to businesses that are not registered and do not pay taxes.

1. formal
2. economic
3. informal
4. tertiary

2.1.2 A social factor that favoured the development of the Gauteng industrial region:

1. Raw materials
2. Flat land
3. Dense population
4. Cheap power

2.1.3 ... farming in South Africa is hindered by a variable price and overgrazing.

1. Maize
2. Beef
3. Sugar cane
4. Subsistence

2.1.4 Food security is when people in a country have …

1. no access to nutritious food.
2. access to land.
3. no access to genetically modified crops.
4. access to nutritious food.

2.1.5 … industries produce perishable goods.

1. Raw material orientated
2. Market orientated
3. Heavy
4. Bridge

2.1.6 Large tracts of cheap and flat land on the outskirts is a specialised requirement for … industries.

1. footloose
2. light
3. heavy
4. ubiquitous

2.1.7 ... is the difference between a country’s exports and imports over a given period.

1. Balance of trade
2. Negative balance of trade
3. Positive balance of trade
4. Balance of payments (7 x 1) (7)

2.2 Refer to FIGURE 2.2 (A) and (B) showing examples of different economic sectors. Match the descriptions below with one of the economic sectors. Write only the economic sector next to the question numbers (2.2.1 to 2.2.8) for example 2.2.9 primary.
2.2.1 This sector is associated with high levels of pollution
2.2.2 Genetically modified crops are a product of this sector
2.2.3 SDI’s and IDZ’s are strategies used to grow this sector
2.2.4 Extraction of raw materials from the environment
2.2.5 The sector that contributes the most to the GDP of South Africa
2.2.6 Transport is an example of an activity in this sector
2.2.7 The sector coronavirus is concerned with developing vaccines for the
2.2.8 The sector that makes the least contribution to the GNP (8 x 1) (8)
2.3 Refer to FIGURE 2.3 and study the information on coal mining in South Africa.
2.3.1 According to FIGURE 2.3, which province accounts for the highest coal production? (1 x 1) (1)
2.3.2 Name the power utility that produces electricity in South Africa. (1 x 1) (1)
2.3.3 Quote evidence from FIGURE 2.3 that suggests that coal mining may be replaced by alternative sources of energy. (1 x 1) (1)
2.3.4 State TWO physical factors that may have reduced production costs of coal mining in this province (your answer to QUESTION 2.3.1). (2 x 1) (2)
2.3.5 How has the proximity (distance) of the coal mines favoured the development of the Gauteng industrial region? (1 x 2) (2)
2.3.6 Discuss the negative impact that labour has on the coal mining industry. (2 x 2) (4)
2.3.7 Explain how the environmental advantage of reaching a net-zero carbon emission by 2050 would have a negative economic impact on South Africa. (2 x 2)
(4)
2.4 FIGURE 2.4 is based on strategies for industrial development, the Saldanha Bay Industrial Development Zone (SBIDZ).
2.4.1 State ONE aim of an Industrial Development Zone (IDZ). (1 x 1) (1)
2.4.2 Give evidence of ONE physical (natural) factor that would make Saldanha Bay an ideal location for industrial development. (1 x 1) (1)
2.4.3 Identify ONE sector from FIGURE 2.4 where new investment agreements have been signed. (1 x 1) (1)
2.4.4 Discuss the negative impact that these new investment agreements could have on the people of Saldanha Bay. (2 x 2) (4)
2.4.5 In a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines explain ways in which the Saldanha Bay Industrial Development Zone has contributed positively to the South Western Cape industrial region. (4 x 2) (8)
2.5 FIGURE 2.5 is a cartoon on international trade.
2.5.1 What evidence shows that the cartoon is based on international trade and not domestic trade? (1 x 1) (1)
2.5.2 Identify South Africa’s trading partner from the cartoon. (1 x 1) (1)
2.5 3 What evidence on the cartoon shows that South Africa is not China’s only trading partner? (1 x 1) (1)
2.5.4 What is the significance of the caption ‘Chinese takeaway’ in the cartoon? (1 x 2) (2)
2.5.5 How does international trade benefit from the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of South Africa? (1 x 2) (2)
2.5.6 Why does South Africa have a negative trade balance with China? (2 x 2) (4)
2.5.7 Explain the impact that a negative trade balance would have on the economy of South Africa. (2 x 2) (4)
[60]

SECTION B: GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES
The questions below are based on the 1 : 50 000 topographical map 2329 BB LOUIS TRICHARDT, as well as the orthophoto map of a part of the mapped area.
QUESTION 3
MAPWORK SKILLS AND CALCULATIONS
3.1 The magnetic bearing for 2012 between two points on the topographical map was 14°23’ W of True North.
3.1.1 Would the magnetic bearing in 2021 between two points be larger or smaller? (1 x 1) (1)
3.1.2 Give a reason for your answer to QUESTION 3.1.1. (1 x 1) (1)
3.2 Refer to the demarcated area in RED and BLACK on the topographical map which represents the orthophoto map.
3.2.1 Use the topographical map to calculate the area covered by the orthophoto map in metres squared (m²). Show ALL calculations. Marks will be awarded for calculations.

• Formula: Area = Length x Breadth (5 x 1) (5)

3.2.2 Explain why the area covered by the orthophoto map looks smaller on the topographical map. (1 x 2) (2)
3.3 Give ONE reason why a person standing at 5 will be visible to a person standing at 6. (1 x 1) (1)
MAP INTERPRETATION
3.4 The economic activity at O in block C2 on the topographical belongs to the … sector.

1. secondary
2. tertiary
3. primary
4. quaternary (1 x 1) (1)

3.5 The area located north and north-east of the hospital (block B5) on the topographical map shows characteristics of a high-income residential area. Give TWO pieces of evidence to support this statement. (2 x 2) (4)
3.6 Refer to the farmstead at M in block C3.
3.6.1 Is the farmstead a wet-point or a dry-point settlement? Give a reason for your answer. (1 + 2) (3)
3.6.2 Explain ONE human-made factor that influenced the choice of site M for the farmstead. (1 x 2) (2)
3.7 State ONE difference between the settlement pattern at N in block C1 and the settlement pattern at S in block B1. (2 x 1) (2)

GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS (GIS)
3.8 Refer to the orthophoto map.
3.8.1 Define the term attribute data. (1 x 2) (2)
3.8.2 The 522 main road into Louis Trichardt is a tarred road. Would you consider this information to be spatial or attribute data? (1 x 1) (1)
3.8.3 Give a reason for your answer to QUESTION 3.8.2. (1 x 2) (2)
3.9 Refer to ANNEXURE 3.9 showing an extract of the Dorp River in blocks E2/3 on the topographical map, where farmers have created a buffer.
3.9.1 Define the term buffering. (1 x 2) (2)
3.9.2 Give ONE reason for creating a buffer zone along the Dorp River. (1 x 1) (1)

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TOTAL: 150