INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION

1. This question paper consists of SECTION A and SECTION B based on the prescribed content framework in the CAPS document.
   SECTION A: SOURCE-BASED QUESTIONS
   QUESTION 1: CIVIL RESISTANCE, 1970s TO 1980s: SOUTH AFRICA QUESTION 2: THE COMING OF DEMOCRACY TO SOUTH AFRICA AND
   COMING TO TERMS WITH THE PAST
   QUESTION 3: THE END OF THE COLD WAR AND A NEW WORLD ORDER, 1989 TO THE PRESENT
   SECTION B: ESSAY QUESTIONS
   QUESTION 4: CIVIL RESISTANCE, 1970s TO 1980s: SOUTH AFRICA: THE CRISIS OF APARTHEID IN THE 1980s
   QUESTION 5: THE COMING OF DEMOCRACY TO SOUTH AFRICA COMING TO TERMS WITH THE PAST: NEGOTIATED SETTLEMENT AND THE GNU
   QUESTION 6: THE END OF THE COLD WAR AND A NEW WORLD ORDER: THE EVENTS OF 1989
2. SECTION A consists of THREE source-based questions. Source material that is required to answer these questions can be found in the ADDENDUM.
3. SECTION B consists of THREE essay questions.
4. Answer THREE questions as follows:
   4.1 At least ONE must be a source-based question and at least ONE must be an essay question.
   4.2 The THIRD question can either be a source-based question or an essay question.
5. You are advised to spend at least ONE hour per question.
6. When answering questions, you should apply your knowledge, skills and insight.
7. You will be disadvantaged by merely rewriting the sources as answers.
8. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this question paper.
9. Write neatly and legibly.

QUESTIONS

SECTION A: SOURCE-BASED QUESTIONS
Answer at least ONE question, but not more than TWO questions, in this section. Source material to be used to answer these questions is contained in the ADDENDUM.
QUESTION 1: WHAT WERE THE CHALLENGES THAT THE SOUTH AFRICAN GOVERNMENT FACED DURING THE 1980s?
Study Sources 1A, 1B, 1C and 1D and answer the questions that follow.
1.1 Refer to Source 1A.
1.1.1 Define the term Total Strategy in your own words. (1 x 2) (2)
1.1.2 Why, do you think, P.W. Botha introduced these reforms? (2 x 2) (4)
1.1.3 Using the information in the relevant sources and your own knowledge, explain why the apartheid government introduced the Urban Bantu Authorities Act of 1982. (1 x 2) (2)
1.1.4 Quote evidence from the source that suggests that the NP government introduced reforms to Apartheid. (2 x 1) (2)
1.2 Study Source 1B.
1.2.1 What message is conveyed in this cartoon regarding the implementation of the new constitution of 1983? (2 x 2) (4)
1.2.2 Identify the two race groups in the source occupying the upper rooms. (2 x 1) (2)
1.2.3 Comment on the limitations of the information in this source for a historian researching the creation of the Tricameral Parliament. (2 x 2) (4)
1.3 Compare Sources 1A and 1B. Explain how the information in Source 1A supports the evidence in Source 1B regarding the implementation of reforms introduced by the apartheid government. (2 x 2) (4)
1.4 Read Source 1C.
1.4.1 Why, according to the source, was the 1980s violent and moved South Africa towards change? (1 x 2) (2)
1.4.2 Mention any TWO groups in the source that were affiliated to the UDF. (2 x 1) (2)
1.4.3 Name the TWO campaigns in the source that the UDF launched against the apartheid regime. (2 x 1) (2)
1.4.4 Explain what is implied by the words, ‘We want all our rights, we want it here and we want it now’, in the context of Allan Boesak’s speech. (2 x 2) (4)
1.5 Consult Source 1D.
1.5.1 What, according to the source, were the grievances of township dwellers that resulted in rent boycotts? (2 x 1) (2)
1.5.2 Why, do you think, black policemen and councillors were attacked in the townships? (2 x 2) (4)
1.5.3 Explain the term State of Emergency in the context of the reforms introduced by P.W. Botha. (1 x 2) (2)
1.6 Use the information in the relevant sources and your own knowledge, write a paragraph of about EIGHT lines (about 80 words) explaining the challenges that the South African government faced during the 1980s. (8)
[50]

QUESTION 2: DID THE AMNESTY PROCESS OF THE TRUTH AND RECONCILIATION COMMISSION (TRC) BRING CLOSURE TO THE FAMILY OF DR NEIL AGGETT?
Study Sources 2A, 2B, 2C and 2D and answer the questions that follow.
2.1 Study Source 2A.
2.1.1 Define the term apartheid in your own words. (1 x 2) (2)
2.1.2 What, according to the source, did Neil Aggett witness in the hospitals where he worked? (2 x 1) (2)
2.1.3 Explain what is implied by the words, ‘Aggett became the 51st person to die in police detention’, in the context of political detentions. (2 x 2) (4)
2.2 Consult Source 2B.
2.2.1 What messages are conveyed in this photograph? (2 x 2) (4)
2.2.2 Why do you think this supporter is calling Neil Aggett, ‘a True Patriot’? (1 x 2) (2)
2.3 Read Source 2C.
2.3.1 Define the term human rights in the context of the TRC. (1 x 2) (2)
2.3.2 Name the TWO police branch officers in the source that were identified as Aggett’s torturers. (2 x 1) (2)
2.3.3 Why, do you think security branch police officer Nick Deetlefs lied about the death of Neil Aggett? (2 x 2) (4)
2.3.4 How, according to the source, did the family of Aggett respond to Nick Deeflets’ covering up the torture and murder of Dr Neil Aggett? (1 x 2) (2)
2.3.5 Explain the reliability of this source to a historian studying the circumstances leading to Dr Neil Aggett’s death. (2 x 2) (4)
2.4 Use Source 2D.
2.4.1 Name the two security policemen in the source who did not apply for amnesty. (2 x 1) (2)
2.4.2 Comment on the reasons why the activists, family and support groups requested a second inquest into the death of Neil Aggett. (2 x 2) (4)
2.4.3 How, according to Jill Burger, did her brother die? (2 x 1) (2)
2.4.4 Quote a sentence from the source that indicates that Dr Aggett’s father could not accept his death. (1 x 2) (2)
2.5 Compare Sources 2B and 2D. Explain how the information in Source 2B supports the evidence in Source 2D regarding the death of Neil Aggett. (2 x 2) (4)
2.6 Using the information in the relevant sources and your own knowledge, write a paragraph of about EIGHT lines (80 words) explaining whether the amnesty
process of the TRC brought closure to the family of Neil Aggett. (8)
[50] 

QUESTION 3: WHAT IMPACT DID THE GLOBAL COVID-19 PANDEMIC HAVE ON SOUTH AFRICA?
Study Sources 3A, 3B, 3C and 3D and answer the questions that follow.
3.1 Read Source 3A.
3.1.1 According to the source, where was COVID-19 first identified? (1 x 1) (1)
3.1.2 Name any TWO restrictions in the source that was announced by President Ramaphosa on 15 March 2020. (2 x 1) (2)
3.1.3 Why, do you think the President took the decision to close schools and institutions of higher education immediately? (2 x 2) (4)
3.1.4 Explain the term lockdown in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. (1 x 2) (2)
3.1.5 Using the information in the source and your own knowledge, explain how schools were able to complete the academic year. (1 x 2) (2)
3.2 Refer to Source 3B.
3.2.1 List any TWO public health strategies in the source that were encouraged in South Africa during the COVID-19 pandemic. (2 x 1) (2)
3.2.2 Comment on why you think ‘urgent and drastic’ measures were implemented by President Cyril Ramaphosa. (2 x 2) (4)
3.2.3 Explain the usefulness of this source be to a historian studying the consequences of the lockdown regulations on the lives of South Africans. (2 x 2) (4)
3.2.4 When, according to the source, were residents permitted to leave their residences? (2 x 1) (2)
3.3 Consult Source 3C.
3.3.1 Name ONE economic sector from the source that was negatively affected by the Covid-19 pandemic. (1 x 1) (1)
3.3.2 What, according to the source, could happen if a person/company failed to comply with the lockdown regulations? (1 x 2) (2)
3.3.3 Using the information in the source and your own knowledge, explain the reasons why the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) fell drastically in South Africa. (2 x 2) (4)
3.4 Study Source 3D.
3.4.1 What messages are conveyed in this photograph regarding the global Third Wave Covid-19 virus? (2 x 2) (4)
3.4.2 How, according to the photograph, can the spread of the pandemic be prevented? Use visual clues from the photograph. (1 x 2) (2)
3.4.3 Using the information in the relevant sources and your own knowledge, comment on the consequences of the Third Covid-19 virus Wave, if safety precautions were not taken. (1 x 2) (2)
3.5 Refer to Sources 3B and 3D. Explain how the information in Source 3B supports the evidence in Source 3D regarding the measures taken to prevent
the spread of the virus. (2 x 2) (4)
3.6 Using the information in the relevant sources and your own knowledge, write a paragraph of about EIGHT lines (about 80 words) explaining the impact of
global Covid-19 pandemic on South Africa. (8)
[50]

SECTION B: ESSAY QUESTIONS
Answer at least ONE question, but not more than TWO questions, in this section. Your essay should be about THREE pages long.
QUESTION 4: CIVIL RESISTANCE, 1970s TO 1980s: SOUTH AFRICA: THE CRISIS OF APARTHEID IN THE 1980s
‘Steve Biko was viewed as a threat by the apartheid regime.’
Explain to what extent Steve Biko and the Black Consciousness Movement challenged the apartheid regime in the 1970s. [50]

QUESTION 5: THE COMING OF DEMOCRACY TO SOUTH AFRICA AND COMING TO TERMS WITH THE PAST
‘It was De Klerk’s decisions that paved the way for a negotiated settlement that ultimately led to the establishment of a democratic South Africa in 1994’.
Critically discuss the statement. Substantiate your line of argument by using relevant evidence. [50]

QUESTION 6: THE END OF THE COLD WAR AND A NEW WORLD ORDER: THE EVENTS OF 1989
‘It was the demise (downfall) of communism that was largely responsible for political changes that occurred in South Africa after 1989’.
Do you agree with the statement? Substantiate your line of argument by using relevant evidence. [50]

TOTAL: 150