MEMORANDUM

SECTION A
QUESTION 1
1.1
1.1.1 B – rituals (1)
1.1.2 B – the Path of the Universe (1)
1.1.3 C – Sufism (1)
1.1.4 D – Lao-Tzu (1)
1.1.5 D – Shaivism (1)
1.1.6 A – The Eucharist (1)
1.1.7 C – Secularism (1)
1.1.8 D – from Mahayana Buddhism (1)
1.1.9 B – Mass (1)
1.1.10 C – Belief in ancestors (1)
1.2
1.2.1 E – the central teachings are contained in the Tripitaka (1)
1.2.2 G – a famous spiritual text in Hinduism (1)
1.2.3 B – Zikr is one of the important rituals whereby the believer encounters God through meditation (1)
1.2.4 A – the belief that every action has an effect on the state of the soul and the chance of gaining moksha (1)
1.2.5 C – attained through a lifetime of wisdom and practice; not through inherent belief or faith (1)
1.2.6 D – provides some details of Jesus’ life and teachings (1)
1.3
1.3.1 Ahimsa – In the Hindu, Buddhist and Jainistic traditions it means respect for all living things and avoidance of violence towards others (2)
1.3.2 Abu Bakr – was the father-in-law of Prophet Muhammad. He was the successor to Muhammad / the first caliph (2)
1.3.3 Nirvana – a state of perfect happiness and peace in Buddhism (2)
1.3.4 Lutheran – is a division of Christianity (2)
1.3.5 Jesus – the founder of Christianity (2)
1.4
1.4.1 Tanach (2)
1.4.2 Pali Canon (2)
1.4.3 Worship (2)
1.4.4 Arabic (2)
1.4.5 Upanishads (2)
1.5
1.5.1 TRUE (2)
1.5.2 FALSE. The divine name of God is YAHWEH/Elohim/Adonai/Shem. (2)
1.5.3 FALSE. It was written in Arabic. (2)
1.5.4 FALSE. The worlds processed originate from two forces; yang and yin. (2)
1.5.5 FALSE. The longest epic of Hinduism is Mahabharata. (2)
1.6
1.6.1 The importance of meditation in Buddhism

• Meditation establishes control over the mind.
• This is necessary to reach a level of ‘non-attachment’.
• Buddhists engage in the meditation process in order to overcome evil.
• Knowledge according to Buddhism can be attained through meditation.(2)

1.6.2 Baha’u’llah

• The founder of the Baha’i’ faith.
• He was a Persian nobleman and a prophet. (2)

TOTAL SECTION A: 50

SECTION B QUESTION 2
2.1
2.1.1 IDENTITY

• Identity means individuality.
• It means the religion has individuality or a certain personality that distinguishes it from other religions.
• It means the affirmation of dignity and value of a religion.
• Acknowledging who I am, we are and who others are.
• It means an exclusive religious identity in which one identifies strongly with the beliefs and doctrines of the religion and sees these as defining one’s life.

NOTE: Any relevant answer must be credited (4)

2.1.2 “South Africa is called the Rainbow Nation.” Explain the quotation in the context of religion.

• South Africa is a country with many different religions.
• Every religion’s clothing, rituals and traditions differ.
• In South Africa all the religions are equal.
• South Africans call themselves the rainbow nation, because here are Whites, Blacks, Coloureds and Indians with different skin colours, but they live and work together as one united nation, just like the colours of a rainbow.

NOTE: Any relevant answer must be credited (4)
2.2 UNIQUE FEATURES OF ONE RELIGION African Traditional Religion

• ATR does not have a sacred text.
• Teachings and rituals have been passed down from one generation to another through the spoken word.
• There is no special day of worship.
• Instead, rituals themselves are recorded as holy.
• Communication with the ancestors through the ritual of animal sacrifices is a unique feature of African Traditional Religion.
• Ancestors have the power to bring about illness or misfortune, good luck and health.
• When people die, it is believed they join the spirit world.
• The sharing of a communal meaI so that the living can communicate with the ancestors, is very important.

NOTE: Any relevant answer must be credited.

Judaism

• Jews believe that they have a covenant with God.
• God is perceived as a father-like figure who is both their Creator and Protector.
• God is so holy that it is forbidden to even call His name.
• They believe that God revealed Himself through His Law.
• They lay more emphasis on the correct way of life, rather than faith or belief.

Islam

• The Muslims believe that there is one God, called Allah.
• They believe that Allah sent various prophets, but the final messenger is Prophet Muhammad.
• Their primary source are the Qur’an and the Hadith.
• They believe in the final judgement when all mankind will be judged.
• They believe that Qur’an was revealed in the Arabic language and it must be read in Arabic.

Christianity

• Christians believe in the Lord Jesus Christ as the Son of the living God.
• They believe that God sent his son to die for their sins.
• They believe that God took the human form of Jesus Christ.
• They believe that Jesus was crucified and rose from the dead.
• They believe in the Trinity – the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit.
• They believe that forgiveness is in the name of Jesus.
• They believe that Jesus Christ is the only way to God.
• They celebrate the Holy Communion (Eucharist) as remembrance of the death of Jesus Christ.

NOTE: Any relevant answer must be credited. (6)
2.3 UNDERSTANDING OF AFRICAN TRADITIONAL RELIGION TOWARDS ANCESTORS AND THEIR ROLES

• When the first generation died, their spirits joined the spirit world where the Creator lives.
• In other words, the death of the first generation was the beginning of the ancestors.
• The ancestors are regarded as messengers of the creator.
• They are the supervisors of the physical world.
• The ancestors look after the welfare of the living.
• They reveal themselves through dreams and sometimes through visions to communicate with the living.
• To communicate with God, the living uses the ancestors – they are intermediaries.

NOTE: Any relevant answer must be credited.(6)
2.4 WRITE DOWN THE COMMON FEATURES THAT EXIST BETWEEN HINDUISM AND BUDDHISM

• They believe in reincarnation.
• They both have sacred texts.
• They both perform rituals.
• They both observe special holy days.
• They both originated in India.

NOTE: Any relevant answer must be credited.(6)
2.5
2.5.1 DEFINE THE TERM CORRUPTION

• Corruption is defined as dishonest or fraudulent conduct by those in authority, typically involving bribery.

NOTE: Any relevant answer must be credited. (2)
2.5.2 ACCORDING TO THE PRESIDENT, WHO WAS THE MOST AT RISK?

• The hungry
• The needy
• Social grant recipients
• Employees who lost their income because of the pandemic.

NOTE: Any relevant answer must be credited. (2)
2.6
2.6.1 WHAT DO YOU UNDERSTAND BY MORALITY?

• Morality is the ability to differentiate between right and wrong.
• Morality means conformity to rules of right conduct.
• It can be seen as separate from religion, by secularists.
• Morality is based on ones’ social values.

NOTE: Any relevant answer must be credited. (4)
2.6.2 TWO EXAMPLES TO DEMONSTRATE THAT MORALITY COMES FROM RELIGION

• All religions distinguish between right and wrong.
• Christians and Jews, to a great extent, live by the Ten Commandments for example; You must not commit adultery. (In Judaism and the Christian religion.)
• Muslims follow the Qu’ran as the path that they walk.

NOTE: Any relevant answer must be credited. (4)
2.7 EXPLAIN THE CONCEPT TEACHING

• Teaching means to give information or to impart the knowledge in order to reinforce belief in a specific religion.
• In religion specifically, to teach means to give systematic information about a subject or aspects of a religion.
• Teaching is a normative explanation of something.
• A teaching plays different roles in different religions.

NOTE: Any relevant answer must be credited. (4)
2.8 DEFINE TERM BELIEF IN THE CONTEXT OF RELIGION

• Belief is sometimes referred to as a religion, e.g. the Islamic faith.
• Belief describes the acceptance of a statement or religious teaching; these are held to be the truth by the adherents/followers of the faiths.
• Belief can also be described as trust and confidence.

NOTE: Any relevant answer must be credited. (4)
2.9 DEFINE THE TERM GOLDEN RULE

• Universally held ethical prescription.
• The most important teachings of a religion.
• Found in nearly all religious and other ethical systems.
• Example: Do unto others as you would like others to do to you.

NOTE: Other relevant examples must be credited.(4)
[50]

QUESTION 3
3.1
3.1.1 EXPLAIN WHAT YOU UNDERSTAND WITH HUMAN TRAFFICKING

• Human trafficking involves the use of force, fraud, or coercion to obtain some type of labour or commercial sex act.

NOTE: Any relevant answer must be credited. (2)
3.1.2 ANY TWO HUMAN RIGHTS OF THE 40-YEAR-OLD THAT WERE VIOLATED

• The right to freedom of movement.
• The right to safety.

NOTE: Any relevant answer must be credited. (4)
3.1.3 FROM THE EXTRACT GIVE EVIDENCE ON HOW HUMAN TRAFFICKERS FIND THEIR VICTIMS

• The promise of a better life. The woman was homeless when she was taken to Johannesburg.
• Lies about the situation the victims are getting into.
• Kidnapping and illegal detention.

NOTE: Any relevant answer must be credited. (4)
3.1.4 WHAT DO YOU THINK SHOULD BE THE ROLE OF FAITH LEADERS IN ENDING HUMAN TRAFFICKING?

• Faith leaders must raise awareness of the problem and speak up about it and speak out against it.
• Faith leaders must report instances of human trafficking to the proper authorities and not participate in it.
• Faith leaders must work with other religions and NGO’s to establish safe havens for people who came out of human trafficking

NOTE: Any relevant answer must be credited.(4)
3.2
3.2.1 CHRISTIANITY’S TEACHINGS THAT PROMOTE HUMAN RIGHTS

• You must love your neighbour as yourself.
• This teaching encourages people to treat everybody equally.
• You shall not commit murder.
• This refers to the sanctity of human life.

NOTE: Any relevant answer must be credited. (4)
3.2.2 ISLAM’S TEACHINGS THAT PROMOTE HUMAN RIGHTS

• There is no compulsion to convert to Islam.
• That is, proclaiming one’s faith should be voluntary and sincere.
• This allows for freedom of religion.
• The institution of zakat (charity) ensures that basic needs of food, shelter and clothing are met.

NOTE: Any relevant answer must be credited. (4)
3.2.3 AFRICAN TRADITIONAL RELIGIONS TEACHINGS THAT PROMOTE HUMAN RIGHTS

• The principle of Ubuntu encourages help for your community.
• The ilima practice is one where the community offers assistance to all members who have need.

NOTE: Any relevant answer must be credited. (4)
3.3. EXPLAIN WHAT IS MEANT WITH THE QUOTATION: “HUMAN TRAFFICKING IS A BOOMING BUSINESS”.

• Human trafficking is a fast growing or expanding business.
• Around the world, human traffickers are making billions through their illegal practices.
• They kidnap especially woman, girls and boys in order to use them as sex slaves in their prostitution rings and brothels.
• These kidnapped victims have even been used in the making of pornographic movies.
• Sometimes men get trafficked to work as cheap labour in some countries.

NOTE: Any relevant answer must be credited. (4)
3.4
3.4.1 EXPLAIN COMPARABILITY

• It refers to the comparison that can be drawn between faith groups or religious institutions (e.g. denominations).
• This does not mean that things are the same.
• Means that two or more things are able to be compared.
• The act of comparing more than one thing.
• Means that two or more things are likely to show similarities and differences.
• Comparisons can be explicit or implicit.

NOTE: Any relevant answer must be credited. (4)
3.4.2 EXPLAIN SIMILARITY

• Being alike.
• Having resemblance with a specific religion.
• Of the same kind, with the same nature, with the same form.
• Two or more things can be similar.
• Means characteristics that religions or people have in common.
• One must be specific about how things are similar, e.g. the similarity between two religions: that Buddhism and Hinduism have in common the belief in reincarnation.

NOTE: Any relevant answer must be credited. (4)
3.5 DESCRIBE THE CONCEPT MYTH IN THE CONTEXT OF RELIGION

• The word ‘myth’ comes from the Greek word ‘mythos’ which means ‘word’ or ‘fable’.
• It refers to those stories that reveal deep truths about creation, life and death.
• Myths are made-up stories, but religion is the truth.
• A myth is a story created to explain the invisible through the visible, and to give life to our faith through symbols.
• For example, in African Traditional Religion, humans originated from reeds (‘umhlanga’).
• Myths are not factual but are used to teach values and lessons.
• Myths form the basis of teachings and even dogma in some religions.

NOTE: Any relevant answer must be credited.(4)
3.6 EXPLAIN THE ROLE THAT PARABLES PLAY IN RELIGIOUS TEACHINGS

• The word ‘parable’ refers to a story that is told to illustrate a religious principle or answer a religious question.
• A parable is a short story that contains a definite moral.
• An example is the parable of the ‘sower and the seed’ in Christianity.
• A parable is a story that is presented in an art form.

NOTE: Any relevant answer must be credited.(4)
3.7 DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN DOCTRINE AND DOGMA

• Doctrine is a set of beliefs or principles.
• Doctrines are often contested.
• There is a sense of argument and negotiation, as doctrines are constructed in relation with philosophical worldviews.
• A dogma has to do with the claim to absolute authority of certain teachings.
• A dogma is a belief that believers must accept without any doubt.
• A dogma is more formal, fixed and authoritative and therefore not contested.
• Dogmas are binding on members if they want to claim membership of a religion.
• Dogma is an arrogant statement or opinion.
• This means that in order to be regarded as a member of a religion, a person needs to accept the dogmas of the religion.

NOTE: Any relevant answer must be credited.(4)
[50]

QUESTION 4
4.1
4.1.1 GIVE ONE WORD WHICH TELLS DR MUSTAFA WAS EXCITED ABOUT RELIGIOUS INVOLVEMENT

• Passionate (2)

4.1.2 DO YOU AGREE THAT CLOSER TIES AMONG RELIGIONS ARE NECESSARY FOR SECURING A MORE JUST AND PEACEFUL WORLD? GIVE REASONS FOR YOUR ANSWER.
YES

• This will promote freedom of choice.
• It will encourage tolerance and respect among religions.
• Religious organisations will have an opportunity to stand together.
• Religious organisations will be able to fight together against the challenges that exist in society.

NO

• Religious differences are often the contributing factors for religious conflict.
• Some religions might take advantage due to resources to dictate, influence and overpower other religions.
• The fear of losing membership due to conforming to the teaching of other religions.
• Adapting to the teachings of other religions can lead to conflict.

NOTE: Any relevant answer must be credited. (8)
4.1.3 WHAT WAS THE IMPACT OF RABBI SILVERSTEIN AND MOHAMMAD YAHYA’S MUSICAL GROUP?

• They built community bonds through their collaboration.
• They built trust within their societies through dialogue and music.

NOTE: Any relevant answer must be credited. (4)
4.1.4 REFER TO THE CHRISTIAN VIEW: “RELIGION IS STILL THE FOUNDATIONAL FACT IN THE LIVES OF MOST PEOPLE.” WHAT DOES THIS QUOTATION MEAN?

• All religions are a foundation for morals and beliefs.
• It helps shape us and determine what we see as right and wrong.
• Religion is what not only gives meaning to peoples’ lives but is the founding principle of life itself.
• Religion becomes part of peoples’ lives from birth through to death.

NOTE: Any relevant answer must be credited. (4)
4.2
4.2.1 DEFINE THE CONCEPT RELIGIOUS TOLERANCE

• Religious tolerance means understanding and respecting religious beliefs / beliefs and practices other than your own.
• Religious tolerance is where people allow other people to think or practice other religions and beliefs.
• Religious tolerance is mainly dependent on interaction between religious groups and individuals in a community.
• It is based on respect, tolerance and understanding for religions other than your own.
• The willingness to tolerate the opinions or behaviours that one dislikes or disagrees with.
• To accept an idea, or action differing from or conflicting with one’s own.

NOTE: Any relevant answer must be credited.(2)
4.2.2 DO YOU THINK RELIGIOUS FREEDOM WAS PROTECTED IN SA BEFORE 1994? GIVE REASONS FOR YOUR ANSWER.
NO

• Religious freedom was not protected during the apartheid era
• During the apartheid era only Christianity was recognised as a state religion.
• Christianity was the dominant religion.
• Christian-National Education was the state’s education policy.
• Biblical Studies and Biblical Teaching were offered in schools.
• State funds were used to pay the salaries of some Christian ministers only.
• Other religions received little recognition.
• There was no religious freedom in the law books.
• In a democratic South Africa all religions are given equal status.
• Religion Studies is a NSC subject that studies different religions.
• It replaced Biblical Studies and other subjects that focused only on one religion.
• Freedom of religion is enshrined in our constitution.
• In all state and official meetings, prayers are either universal in nature, or multi-faith.

NOTE: Any relevant answer must be credited. (8)
4.2.3 ONE INTERRELIGIOUS ORGANISATION THAT WORKS FOR PEACE IN CONFLICT AREAS IN AFRICA. DESCRIBE THE WORK DONE AND GIVE REASONS FOR ITS SUCCESSES OR FAILURES

1. THE PROGRAMME FOR CHRISTIAN-MUSLIM RELATIONS IN AFRICA (PROCMURA)
   • It is the oldest and pioneer interfaith organisation in Africa.
   • The focus is on Christian relations with Muslims.
   • To witness the gospel within an interfaith environment.
   • To promote constructive engagement within Muslims for peace.
   • To hold interfaith consultations.
     NOTE: Any relevant answer must be credited.
2. THE AFRICAN COUNCIL OF RELIGIOUS LEADERS (ACRL)
   • Also known as Religions for Peace.
   • To ensure respect for all religious differences.
   • Preserving the identity of each religious community.
   • Ensuring that religions for peace participate in honouring different ways religious communities are organised.
   • Upholding the principles of representation.
   • To support locally led multi-religious structures.
     NOTE: Any relevant answer must be credited.
3. INTERFAITH ACTION FOR PEACE IN AFRICA
   • This is a Pan-African non-profit organisation.
   • It was founded in 2002.
   • Dedicated to working together for peace, democracy and unity on the continent.
   • This organisation was established to bring peace and cooperation between religious communities across Africa.
   • To ensure a decent / humane life for all.
   • This organisation was also established to promote co-operation among religions.
   • It also includes the authority of meetings of religious leaders, who make the ‘IFAPA’ decisions.
   • It was also initiated to combine the efforts of different religions to work for peace in the African continent.
   • To send interfaith delegations to conflict areas.
     NOTE: Any relevant answer must be credited. (8)

4.2.4 WHAT DOES THE CURRENT SA CONSTITUTION SAY ABOUT RELIGIOUS FREEDOM?

• Religious freedom refers to the state whereby different religions are at liberty to practice their religions.
• The Charter of Human Rights in the South African constitution mentions religious freedom included in the rights.
• Everyone has a right to freedom of conscience, religion, thought, belief and opinion.
• However, the religious rights of others must be respected at all times.
• Religious observation can be conducted at state-aided institutions under three conditions:
  • The observations follow the rules set by the appropriate public authority.
  • Religious observances may be conducted at any state institution on an equal basis.
  • Attendance must be free and voluntary.
• Persons belonging to a religious community have a right to enjoy practicing their religion.

NOTE: Any relevant answer must be credited. (8)
4.3 BRIEFLY DISCUSS THE DISADVANTAGES OF A SOCIETY HAVING NO RELIGIOUS FREEDOM OR TOLERANCE

• No religious harmony.
• Religious groups would not work together to fight common social ills.
• Social cohesion will be difficult if religious tolerance is not encouraged.
• Some religious practices would be suppressed as they would be construed as not acceptable by other religious groups.
• There would be religious discriminations and prejudice if there is no religious tolerance.

NOTE: Any relevant answer must be credited. (6)
[50]

QUESTION 5
5.1
5.1.1 BRIEFLY EXPLAIN WHAT THE HEADING OF THE ARTICLE MEANS

• The news of these pastors’ bad actions has shaken South Africa’s faith community to the core.
• The news of what these so-called men of God did shocked the nation.
• South Africans were left astounded by the revelation of the allegations.
• The nation was dismayed by what these men were accused of.

NOTE: Any relevant answer must be credited.(2)
5.1.2 WHY DO YOU THINK, HAS MEDIA COVERAGE INCREASED?

• It is the peripheral and negative issues that gets religions the most coverage.
• Complaints about the unethical behaviour of religious leaders from community members have increased.
• Dangerous/Suspicious church activities have come to the fore greatly.
• Controversial issues get more airtime (or space) than spiritual matters.
• If religious leaders are accused of any wrongdoing, they make headline news.
• On the contrary, if religious leaders go about their duties, clothing and feeding the poor, it is not seen as newsworthy.

NOTE: Any relevant answer must be credited. (4)
5.1.3 NAME TWO EXAMPLES OF CRIMES THESE PASTORS/ PROPHETS ARE INVOLVED IN

• Sexual abuse
• Human trafficking
• Fraud(4)

NOTE: Any relevant answer must be credited.
5.2 HOW CAN WE WORK TOGETHER TO ENSURE THAT WE GET RID OF BOGUS PASTORS/ PROPHETS?

• The state should regulate religion.
• The state should regulate who can open a church.
• Our justice system needs to implement proper punishment.
• There is need for a call from especially the community against abusive churches and leaders.
• Arrange marches and rallies against these false pastors.
• Expose all fake and dubious pastors.

NOTE: Any relevant answers must be credited. (6)
5.3 WHAT IS QUACKERY?

• Dishonest practices and claims to have special knowledge and skills in some field.

NOTE: Any relevant answers must be credited. (2)
5.4 ANSWER THE QUESTIONS ABOUT THE CONFLICT ARTICLE
5.4.1 IS THE CONFLICT INTER OR INTRA-RELIGIOUS? GIVE REASONS FOR YOUR ANSWER

• Inter-religious.
• The conflict is between groups from different religions.
• The conflict is between Muslims and Christians.

NOTE: Any relevant answers must be credited. (4)
5.4.2 WHAT ROLE CAN RELIGIOUS ORGANISATIONS PLAY TO PREVENT SUCH CONFLICT?

• They can have multi-faith gatherings to create religious tolerance.
• All religions should work with the government so that all religions are treated equally by the state.
• All religions should advocate freedom in religion.
• People can then choose religions or worldviews based on free will.
• Both Christians and Muslim leaders should support peace initiatives.
• They must show that they support the peacekeepers of the African Union.
• Religious organisations should show support for peace initiatives.
• They should jointly participate in humanitarian efforts, so as to develop a working relationship. (8)

NOTE: Any relevant answer must be credited.
5.4.3 THE CONFLICT IS “COMPLICATED AND MULTI-LAYERED”. WHAT DOES THIS QUOTATION MEAN?

• It means that the conflict is not easy to understand.
• It is multi-layered as there are many issues involved.
• These issues include religion, ethnicity, land usage, etc.

NOTE: Any relevant answer must be credited. (4)
5.4.4 FROM THE ARTICLE GIVE THE CONSEQUENCES OF THE CONFLICT BETWEEN THE GROUPS.

• Hundreds have been killed.
• Many were injured and taken to hospital.
• A gasoline station was destroyed.
• Trust among the people from different religions was eroded.

NOTE: Any relevant answer must be credited. (4)
5.5 UNTIL RECENTLY IT WAS ARGUED THAT THE CONFLICT IN SUDAN IS OF A RELIGIOUS NATURE. DO YOU AGREE? GIVE REASONS FOR YOUR ANSWER.
I AGREE

• In the South of Sudan, there is a considerable Christian presence, as well as ATR adherents, while the North is completely Muslim.
• There is gross neglect of the mainly non-Muslim South by the Khartoum government.
• This is evidenced by the complete lack of infrastructure.
• The economy of the South has been destroyed because of negligence by Khartoum.
• This resulted in widespread poverty in the South.
• Attacks by militia (janjeweed) on non-Arabic villages in the South are common.
• The Khartoum government has done nothing to stop these raids.
• While there is tribal conflict, it is also along religious lines, as entire tribes follow one single religion.
• The 1983 imposition of Sharia laws was an attempt by the North to completely dominate the South.

NOTE: Any relevant answer must be credited.
I DO NOT AGREE

• The Darfur conflict in Southern Sudan started more than a century ago.
• The main divisions were ethical/tribal and cultural.
• Religion is not a radical source of division.
• Most people of Darfur are Sunni Muslims, as is the government of Khartoum.
• In 1983 there was a civil war when the Muslim government tried to impose Islamic law in the south.
• In 2005 South Africa brokered a peace between the North and South.
• However, conflict continued.
• A UN backed referendum in 2011 decided on partition of the South.
• The harmonious relationship between Khartoum and Juba was short-lived.
• The conflict continues, with the main issue being the Heglig oil fields.

NOTE: Any relevant answer must be credited.(8)
5.6 WHAT IS YOUR VIEW ON THE RESPONSES OF IMAM KASAM AND THE PREACHER FROM OMEGA FIRE MINISTRIES?

• Imam Kasam’s unfounded accusations could have led to more violence between Muslims and Christians.
• The preacher was wrong to incite his followers to kill the Fulani herdsmen.
• What he called for was not self-defence, but murder.
• Hatred was stoked on both sides.
• Trust and tolerance were eroded.

NOTE: Any relevant answer must be credited.(4)

[50]
TOTAL SECTION B: 100
GRAND TOTAL: 150