MECHANICAL TECHNOLOGY: AUTOMOTIVE
GRADE 12
NOVEMBER 2020
NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE
INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION
QUESTION | CONTENT | MARKS | TIME in minutes |
GENERIC | |||
1 | Multiple-choice Questions | 6 | 6 |
2 | Safety | 10 | 10 |
3 | Materials | 14 | 14 |
SPECIFIC | |||
4 | Multiple-choice Questions | 14 | 10 |
5 | Tools and Equipment | 23 | 20 |
6 | Engines | 28 | 25 |
7 | Forces | 32 | 25 |
8 | Maintenance | 33 | 20 |
9 | Systems and Control (Automatic Gearbox) | 18 | 20 |
10 | Systems and Control (Axles, Steering Geometry and Electronics) | 32 | 30 |
TOTAL | 200 | 180 |
QUESTION 1: MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS (GENERIC)
Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions. Choose the answer and write only the letter (A–D) next to the question numbers (1.1 to 1.6) in the ANSWER BOOK, e.g. 1.7 A.
1.1 What is the purpose of the Occupational Health and Safety Act, 1993 (Act 85 of 1993) with regard to HIV/Aids awareness?
1.2 Which ONE of the following pieces of personal protective equipment is applicable when using a drill press?
1.3 Which statement describes the placing of the machines in a product layout?
1.4 Which heat-treatment process is used to give steel a high resistance against wear?
1.5 The purpose of tempering steel is to …
1.6 Which test uses an indenter to determine the hardness of steel?
[6]
QUESTION 2: SAFETY (GENERIC)
2.1 What safety rule must be adhered to after work procedures on a machine have been completed? (1)
2.2 State TWO safety precautions that must be adhered to after the horizontal band saw has been switched on. (2)
2.3 Give TWO reasons why surgical gloves must be worn when treating a co-worker with open wounds. (2)
2.4 State TWO pieces of personal protective equipment (PPE) which must be worn during arc welding. (2)
2.5 Describe the responsibility of an employer regarding the safety and health of the employees in the workplace. (2)
2.6 Who is responsible for administering first aid to an injured person at the workplace? (1)
[10]
QUESTION 3: MATERIALS (GENERIC)
3.1 Explain how you will conduct the following tests to identify various metals:
3.1.1 Sound test (2)
3.1.2 File test (2)
3.2 What is the purpose of the heat treatment of steel? (2)
3.3 What is the purpose of the case hardening of steel? (2)
3.4 Describe the tempering process of steel. (3)
3.5 Name the THREE factors which need to be taken into consideration when heat treatment of steel is done. (3)
[14]
QUESTION 4: MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS (SPECIFIC)
Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions. Choose the answer and write only the letter (A–D) next to the question numbers (4.1 to 4.14) in the ANSWER BOOK, e.g. 4.15 A.
4.1 What is the function of the computerised diagnostic scanner used on a motor vehicle?
4.2 Which ONE of the following pieces of equipment is used to test the crankcase gases?
4.3 What is the volumetric efficiency of a centrifugal blower?
4.4 Which ONE of the following is the cause of crankshaft vibrations?
4.5 Which ONE of the following is an important method used to increase the compression ratio of an engine?
4.6 What does the symbol X in FIGURE 4.6 indicate?
4.7 What will the brake power of the engine be if the engine delivers a mechanical efficiency of 83,34% with 60 kW indicated power?
4.8 What type of test is conducted with the equipment shown in FIGURE 4.8?
4.9 Which ONE of the following is an advantage of an electrical fuel pump in a motor vehicle?
4.10 What type of tyre wear is shown in FIGURE 4.10?
4.11 What type of drive is the outcome when the planet carrier is locked for a double epicyclic gear?
4.12 Which gear system is shown in FIGURE 4.12?
4.13 What will be the speed of a driven gear if the gear ratio of a gear train is given as 5 : 1 and the drive gear rotates at 500 r/min?
4.14 Which ONE of the following is the function of the rotor assembly in an alternator charging system?
[14]
QUESTION 5: TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT (SPECIFIC)
5.1 FIGURE 5.1 below shows a periscope optical alignment gauge. Answer the questions that follow.
5.1.1 Label A–G of the gauge shown in FIGURE 5.1. (7)
5.1.2 What is the function of the optical alignment gauge shown in FIGURE 5.1? (1)
5.1.3 Give the set-up procedure, in the correct sequence, of how to calibrate the optical alignment gauge. (5)
5.2 Explain how to correct static imbalance of a wheel and tyre assembly. (2)
5.3 State THREE engine parameters which can be monitored when using the computerised diagnostic scanner. (3)
5.4 What will be the result if there is a leak in the exhaust manifold or vacuum system of a motor vehicle when a gas analyser is used? (2)
5.5 State THREE conditions that can be revealed by a compression test on an internal combustion engine. (3)
[23]
QUESTION 6: ENGINES (SPECIFIC)
6.1 FIGURE 6.1 below shows the crankshaft of a four-cylinder in-line engine. Answer the questions that follow.
6.1.1 What is the main function of the crankshaft shown in FIGURE 6.1? (2)
6.1.2 Label A–G, the parts of the crankshaft, as shown in FIGURE 6.1. (7)
6.1.3 State TWO firing orders of a four-cylinder in-line engine. (2)
6.2 FIGURE 6.2 below shows a component that is fitted to an internal combustion engine to increase the power output. Answer the questions that follow.
6.2.1 Identify the component shown in FIGURE 6.2. (1)
6.2.2 Label A–E, the parts of the component in FIGURE 6.2. (5)
6.2.3 State the main function of the component in FIGURE 6.2. (1)
6.3 Identify the diffent types of engine layouts, as shown in FIGURE 6.3.
(3)
6.4 State THREE advantages of a vehicle fitted with both a supercharger and a turbocharger on its engine. (3)
6.5 State TWO disadvantages of a vehicle fitted with both a supercharger and a turbocharger on its engine. (2)
6.6 Why are the connecting rods and pistons manufactured as light as possible? (2)
[28]
QUESTION 7: FORCES (SPECIFIC)
7.1 Define the term indicated power of an internal combustion engine. (2)
7.2 State TWO methods to lower the compression ratio of an internal combustion engine. (2)
7.3 Name TWO types of dynamometers used to measure the power output of a motor vehicle. (2)
7.4 The bore and stroke of an internal combustion engine is 70 mm and 90 mm respectively. The compression ratio is 7,5 : 1.
Determine, by means of calculations:
7.4.1 The swept volume of a single cylinder in cm3 (3)
7.4.2 The original clearance volume of a single cylinder in cm3 (3)
7.4.3 The compression ratio is increased to 9,5 : 1. What will be the new diameter of the bore if the clearance volume remains unchanged? The answer must be in millimetres (mm). (6)
7.5 The data below was recorded during a test carried out on a four-cylinder four-stroke engine.
Brake arm length: 1 m Scale reading: 50 kg Stroke length: 140 mm Crankshaft revolutions: 4 500 r/min Mean effective pressure: 1 450 kPa Bore diameter: 110 mm Number of cylinders: 4
Determine, by means of calculations, the:
7.5.1 Torque (2)
7.5.2 Brake power in kW (4)
7.5.3 Indicated power in kW (6)
7.5.4 Mechanical efficiency (2)
[32]
QUESTION 8: MAINTENANCE (SPECIFIC)
8.1 State FOUR safety requirements to meet during the setting up of the gas analyser on an internal combustion engine. (4)
8.2 State THREE safety precautions to adhere to when setting up the fuel pressure tester on an internal combustion engine. (3)
8.3 Explain the difference between a compression test and a cylinder leakage test performed on an internal combustion engine. (4)
8.4 State FOUR safety precautions to adhere to while setting up a compression tester on an engine. (4)
8.5 TABLE 8.5 below shows information regarding the oil pressure test which is carried out on an internal combustion engine.
Complete TABLE 8.5 by adding another TWO possible causes and another TWO corrective measures at each fault.
Write only the answer next to the question numbers (8.5.1 to 8.5.8) in the ANSWER BOOK.
FAULTS (DEFECTS) | POSSIBLE CAUSES | CORRECTIVE MEASURES |
Oil pressure too low | Worn oil pump | Replace with new oil pump |
8.5.1 | 8.5.3 | |
8.5.2 | 8.5.4 | |
Oil pressure too high | Dirty or contaminated oil | Change the oil |
8.5.5 | 8.5.7 | |
8.5.6 | 8.5.8 |
TABLE 8.5 (8)
[23]
QUESTION 9: SYSTEMS AND CONTROL (AUTOMATIC GEARBOX) (SPECIFIC)
9.1 State TWO functions of an automatic gearbox in a motor vehicle. (2)
9.2 State the function of the brake bands in the automatic gearbox. (1)
9.3 State TWO disadvantages of an automatic gearbox in a motor vehicle. (2)
9.4 State TWO advantages of a transmission control unit in an automatic transmission system. (2)
9.5 Name TWO components in an epicyclic gear train of an automatic gearbox, which engage and disengage the different components to obtain different gear ratios. (2)
9.6 Explain how the locking sequence of the epicyclic gear train is achieved. (2)
9.7 What is the main purpose of the control valve body in an automatic gearbox? (2)
9.8 Explain the operation of the torque converter in an automatic transmission. (5)
[18]
QUESTION 10: SYSTEMS AND CONTROL (AXLES, STEERING GEOMETRY AND ELECTRONICS) (SPECIFIC)
10.1 Define static balance of a wheel and tyre assembly. (2)
10.2 State THREE factors to be checked before the wheel balancing process can be performed. (3)
10.3 FIGURE 10.3 below shows a wheel alignment angle. Answer the questions that follow.
10.3.1 Identify the wheel alignment angle in FIGURE 10.3. (2)
10.3.2 Label parts A–G in FIGURE 10.3. (7)
10.3.3 Define the positive castor angle. (2)
10.4 Explain the function of the Ackermann principle. (2)
10.5 Describe the purpose of the catalytic converter on the exhaust system of a motor vehicle. (1)
10.6 State TWO requirements that must be met for a catalytic converter to function effectively. (2)
10.7 Explain how the lambda oxygen sensor operates. (5)
10.8 State FOUR precautionary measures to be taken when working on an alternator charging system. (4)
10.9 Name TWO types of electric fuel pumps. (2)
[32]
TOTAL: 200
FORMULA SHEET FOR MECHANICAL TECHNOLOGY (AUTOMOTIVE)