RELIGION STUDIES PAPER 1
GRADE 12
NOVEMBER 2020
MEMORANDUM
NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE

SECTION A (COMPULSORY)
NOTE: Credit the candidates if the correct word is provided instead of the letter.
QUESTION 1
1.1.1 C√ (1)
1.1.2 B√ (1)
1.1.3 A√ (1)
1.1.4 A√ (1)
1.1.5 D√ (1)
1.1.6 B√ (1)
1.1.7 A√ (1)
1.1.8 A√ (1)
1.1.9 D√ (1)
1.1.10 C√ (1)
1.2
1.2.1 Shi'ah/Shi'ite Muslims√. (1)
1.2.2 Halakhah√ (1)
1.2.3 Exclusivist /Biased√ (1)
1.2.4 Tripitaka√ (1)
1.2.5 Masiphakule√ (1)
1.3
1.3.1 Buddhism. √
The others are Middle Eastern religions./ The others are religions who teach about a Supreme Being. √ (2)
1.3.2 Ancestors√
The others do not belong to the spiritual realm./ The others are people who are still alive/ who are living.√ (2)
1.3.3 Abu Bakr√
The others belong to the Bahá'i Faith.√ (2)
1.3.4 Oscillation√
The others are used in African Traditional Religion rituals./ The others are usually used in ceremonies.
√ OR Ululation√
Others are body movements performed during a dance in ATR”√ (2)
1.3.5 Dharma√
The others are sacred texts in Hinduism. √ (2)
NOTE: Credit the candidates if the correct word is provided instead of the letter.
1.4
1.4.1 E√ (1)
1.4.2 C√ (1)
1.4.3 G√ (1)
1.4.4 F√ (1)
1.4.5 A√ (1)
1.5
1.5.1 False√
It is the sacred writing of Judaism. √ OR
The Kitáb-i-Aqdas is the sacred writing of the Bahá'i Faith. √ (2)
1.5.2 False √
The Eucharist is a sacrament that is held in memory of Christ by the Christians. √ OR
Ukubuyisa/Umbuyiso is a ritual that is held in memory of the ancestors by African Traditional Religion.√ (2)
1.5.3 False√
The Qur'an was divinely dictated to the Prophet Muhammad.√ OR
The Hadith is a recording of the oral teachings of the Prophet Muhammad. √ (2)
1.5.4 True√√ (2)
1.5.5 False√
Hinduism has no founder; the founder of Taoism was Lao-tzu. √ (2)
1.6 NOTE: Other relevant responses must be credited.
1.6.1

• This is a religion whose basic structure is the clan or extended family group. √
• It is very strong in African Traditional Religion. √
• The eldest male/female member is generally looked up to as the leader of the clan. √
• They promote a communal way of living. (2)

1.6.2

• Muslims believe that their religion was completed by the final and greatest prophet, the Prophet Muhammad. √
• Allah revealed His message to the Prophet Muhammad, which was written down in the Qur'an in the original Arabic. √
• Prophet Muhammad is the founder of Islam. (accepted answer). √ (2)

1.6.3

• It is the seventh day of the Jewish week. √
• It starts at sunset on Friday and lasts until sunset on Saturday evening. √
• It is a day of worship for the Jews. They refrain from working on the Sabbath.√
• Some Christians regard Sunday as the Sabbath, a day set apart for the worship of God. (2)

1.6.4

• In the Schism of 1054/11th century Christianity became divided into the Roman Catholic Church (in the West) and the Orthodox Church in the East. √
• The Orthodox Church is also called the Eastern Orthodox Church. √
• It includes the Greek and Russian Orthodox Churches. √ (2)

1.6.5

• This refers to co-operation and unity among the various Christian denominations. √
• Today the term has broadened to include unity among various religions also. √
• The ecumenical movement is growing stronger as good inter-religious relationships are being encouraged. √ (2)

TOTAL SECTION A: 50

SECTION B
QUESTION 2
2.1 NOTE: Other relevant responses must be credited.
2.1.1

• Religious characteristics that give people a sense of who they are.
• It also gives a sense of belonging arising from shared teachings, values and rituals/practices.
• Example: Religious symbols are an integral part of religious identity. (4)

2.1.2

• Unity means standing together, for a common purpose.
• It is a sense of being at one with the divine power as it is defined by each religion.
• Example: It is usually possible to identify the aspect in which religions are united – they share a belief or a practice; they stand together to fight for a cause, etc. (4)

2.1.3

• Features which one religion has in common with another.
• These can be superficial or very deep and fundamental.
• Example: There are many similarities between the gods and goddesses in Greek and Roman mythology. (4)

2.1.4

• Parable refers to a story that is told to illustrate a religious principle or to answer a religious question.
• It is usually very short and contains definite moral or religious beliefs.
• Example: In the parable of the Good Samaritan; Jesus teaches us to have compassion for our neighbour. (4)

2.2
2.2.1

• Buddhism teaches that every person in the universe controls his or her own destiny, and is not controlled by anyone else or any superior being like God.
• A person's good or ill fortune, success or failure, is determined by that person's deeds, good or bad, and his or her efforts towards enlightenment.
• The Buddha can only show the way. (4)

2.2.2

• Enlightenment is attained through a life time of wisdom and practice, not through inherent belief of faith.
• Any person can follow the Buddha's path and attain Buddhahood.
• Any person can attain Buddhahood through following a Bodhisattva's guidance. (4)

2.3 NOTE: Other relevant responses must be credited.
2.3.1

• Living in harmony with the Tao.
• Wu-wei – non-action or effortless religion.
• Martial arts – it is the only religion to have given rise to martial arts. (4)

2.3.2

• It teaches that Jesus Christ is the Son of God.
• The Trinity is its central teaching about divinity.
• It teaches that Jesus died and rose again after three days.
• Jesus died to save people from their sins. (4)

2.3.3

• Hinduism teaches both spiritual evolution and spiritual regression.
• It teaches that there are many paths to God and as such is a flexible and inclusive religion.
• Within the religion, it is made up of different schools and traditions that have been free to develop their own ideas and practices.
• It is the only religion that says 'you can be god'. (4)

2.4 NOTE: Other relevant responses must be credited.
2.4.1 Religions of the Middle East

• To these belong Judaism, Christianity, Islam and Bahá'i'.
• A marked feature of this cluster is monotheism.
• Religions of the Far East
• To these belong Taoism and Confucianism in China and Shinto in Japan.
• These religions generally display a remarkable aesthetic (artistic) appreciation of beauty and harmony of nature. (4)

2.4.2 Doctrine

• This is a synonym for a religious teaching.
• It is open to being contested.

Dogma

• It means a principle, tenet or system of beliefs, particularly laid down by a religion's collective religious authority.
• The concept 'dogma' refers to the beliefs that followers are expected to accept without doubt. (4)

2.5

• It is a philosophy of communal spirit in African Traditional Religion.
• A person is a person through others.
• It is a very important part of life and living in African Traditional Religion.
• The community is more important than the individual.
  NOTE: Other relevant responses must be credited. (6)

[50]

QUESTION 3
3.1

• To most readers connecting booze to baptism would be shocking.
• The heading is sensational, arousing interest to read further.
• A holy ritual is combined with an act that is considered sinful.
  NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited (4)

3.2

• It accepts people that are not welcomed in traditional churches.
• It operates in taverns across the country. (2)

3.3 YES

• The heading and first paragraph are indeed sensational, and intended to grab attention.
• However, thereafter one reads about a gap spotted by Gabola Church with regard to people with a strong attachment to alcohol.
• These people did not experience a feeling of welcome and belonging in traditional religious communities.
• Makiti found a new and different way to accommodate 'boozers'.
• Although the methods used by Makiti may raise eyebrows, the rest of the article itself is simply giving a report.
• The language of the rest of the article is unbiased.
• The article states facts, and is a good example of fair reporting.

NO

• To a conservative religious reader, the sensational heading and shocking methods used by Makiti and the Gabola Church would be totally unacceptable.
• The article is about marginalised, small church.
• It is a sensationalist reporting.
• Questions could be raised as to whether there was a genuine concern for the 'boozers' or whether the intent was to be provocative and sensational.
• It could be seen as profane and violating the sanctity of baptism.
• It is offensive to the sensibilities of many religious people, even non-religious people with respect for religion.
• The 'boozers', if serious about seeking the sacred, could sacrifice their drink out of reverence, instead of hanging on to it.
  NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited.
  A combination of YES and NO responses should be credited. (8)

3.4

• They are recognised as pastors and bishops.
• The tavern owners benefit economically, as members join the church, and consume more alcohol. (4)

3.5

• The Gabola church is a small religious group which deviated from orthodox tradition of baptism.
• It identifies itself as a Christian branch because it uses the Christian terms such as 'pastors and bishops', as well as 'baptism.'
  NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. (4)

3.6

• Mainstream churches and Makiti's church would not easily find common ground on the religious teaching of baptism.
• This could cause great conflict – within mainstream churches, as well as in competition between traditional and 'New Age' churches.
• Mainstream churches might lose members to Makiti's church.
• Those strongly attached to drink might want to join a church that is more upbeat and accommodating.
• Other churches may follow suit.
• Other mainstream members would feel offended and insulted at what they would see as a violation of the sacred.
• Pouring of alcohol on the ground could be seen as offensive to ATR, and cause conflict.
• Based on teaching, membership and modern versus traditional, this church could cause great conflict.
• Alternatively, it may not cause conflict because it will be ignored by mainstream churches.
  NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. (8)

3.7

• It means members consume less alcohol, and do not become intoxicated.
• Their attitude towards alcohol has changed, as they regard it as a sacred drink. (4)

3.8

• The peripheral and negative issues about religion get the most coverage.
• This happens because 'bad news sells'.
• Controversial issues receive more media attention than spiritual matters.
• At the end of the day media houses are a business and need to make a profit.
• It is the same with issues that appear to be religious, but are actually more political.
• The ideology of the editor also has a bearing because this is the person responsible for the selection of what gets to the public.
• The political aspects of religious ideas and institutions receive the most coverage.
• In the current climate it is fashionable to be anti-religion.
• To serve these ends, selection, sensationalism, bias are used as tactics to portray religion in a negative light.
• However, specialised religious media (e.g Rhema church TV channel) highlight how religion improves lives.
  NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited.
  A combination of YES and NO responses should be credited. (8)

3.9 YES

• According to the Constitution the government has an obligation to protect its citizens.
• This includes members of religious organisations.
• Government should intervene only if the law is being broken.
• The law would be broken if there was any form of discrimination, restriction of freedom of association, force, injury or damage etc.
• Regulation of religion could protect the vulnerable from being exploited by those who would prey on them in the name of religion.

NO

• Religious organisations believe they have been inspired by God.
• Therefore they do not need to be regulated by any human agency.
• They would see regulation as infringing on their freedom of religion.
• Members themselves will be aware of their rights and be able to resist any abuse.
• Over-regulation can lead to resistance against the State.
  NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. (8)

[50]

QUESTION 4
4.1
4.1.1 He felt that his neighbours were discriminating against him because he is Black/Indian/Muslim (2)
4.1.2

NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. (8)
4.1.3

• As a Muslim family the Fareeds are free to practise their religion, as long as they do not infringe the rights of others.
• Freedom of a religion is a human right and is included in South Africa's Bill of Rights in the Constitution.
• The neighbours want to live in peace in their neighbourhood on the Estate. Presumably they think that the slaughtering of the animals would cause a disturbance and some might have been concerned from an animal welfare side of the matter.
• With the neighbours, the human right that could be applied is the right to freedom of opinion and expression.
• However, on the side of the neighbours there were no grounds for their aggressive and violent behaviour.
• In this they would be violating the rights of the Fareeds. (8)

4.2

• In terms of the South African Constitution, our country is a secular state.
• Therefore authority of religion and the state are separate.
• Religion does not have any say in the government of the country.
• There is no state religion.
• No religion is favoured.
• The Bill of Rights enshrined in the Constitution includes freedom of religion.
• All religions are regarded as equal in terms of the law.
• All religions are allowed to practise their religions freely without fear of being coerced by the state. (8)

4.3

• Freedom of religion is enshrined in the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948).
• It is also enshrined in the South Africa's Bill of Rights.
• It means that every person is free to choose his/her religion.
• He/she is also free to practise it, as long as he/she does not infringe on the rights of others. (4)

4.4 Christianity

• 'Love your neighbour as you love yourself.'
• This means that one should respect another person's views, even if one disagrees.
• Try to see the problem through the other person's eyes.
• Respecting someone does not mean that one has to agree with that person.
• 'Blessed are the peacemakers, for they will see God.'
• This is one of the beatitudes given by Jesus in the Sermon on the Mount. He is encouraging his followers to practise peace.
• 'Peace be with you'
• After the resurrection, this was the greeting that Jesus used most often when he met his followers. When they were perturbed, he calmed them down and brought peace.
• Followers of Jesus should do likewise.

Buddhism

• Buddhism teaches that a follower will attain Nirvana through carrying out the Eightfold Path.
• Nirvana is a state of perfect happiness. This includes inner peace, because there is no longer any suffering from unfulfilled desires.
• The Eightfold Path teaches right view, right thought, right speech, right action, right work and right effort.
• All these promote peace.
• Buddhists place great emphasis on mindfulness, meditation and concentration.
• Peace, tranquillity, serenity and calmness are achieved through these practices.
• Current popular magazines are full of articles these days on how to relieve stress in our busy lives. Many of them talk about mindfulness and meditation.

Bahá'i Faith

• The Bahá'i Faith teaches that religious truth is progressive.
• Thus it is inclusive of all religions which it understands as steps on the way to unity one day in the Bahá'i Faith.
• These teachings promote peace because they remove the conflict between religions, which have sometimes led to wars in the name of religion in the past.
• The Bahá'i Faith teaches that the main purpose of religion is the promotion of goodwill and harmony among people who will one day be united.

NOTE: Any three relevant teachings should be credited.
Alternative answers should be credited.
A maximum of SIX marks may be awarded if a candidate merely lists three or more relevant teachings.
Only the first three teachings listed/discussed should be marked. (12)
4.5

• Religion is not necessary to guide people towards good.
• There are philanthropists and humanists who do not belong to any religion, who are highly principled and do a lot of good for their fellow human beings.
• This shows that religion is not absolutely necessary for high morals and good and decent behaviour.
• Religion is not the only source of morality, of learning to distinguish between right and wrong.
• However, every religion guides its followers as to how to live a good life, how to distinguish between right and wrong. Therefore it provides its followers with ethics, morals and guiding principles.
• Religion is a strong guide to decent behaviour, but it is possible to behave well and have good morals even without it.
  NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. (8)

[50]

QUESTION 5
5.1 YES

• Religious leaders are generally respected and trusted in a community and are often called in to be mediators and negotiators in conflict situations.
• They are motivated by the values and teachings of their religions, since religions teach the universal values of love, peace, compassion and service to humanity.
• Religions have many groups and organisations aimed at fulfilling their mission, such as schools and other learning institutions, outreach groups and youth groups. All of these would be for the common good and promoting peace.

NO

• Although religions may teach and preach peace, it sometimes remains 'talk' and a strong practical thrust in working for peace is lacking.
• There is still a lot of conflict, intolerance and violence in many communities, which is fuelled by religious intolerance.
• Currently the news media has carried many stories where religious leaders have not been a good example, and so trust may be eroded.
  NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. (4)

5.2 Examples:

• The Crusades.
• The Spanish Inquisition.
• The (Protestant) Reformation.
• Religious persecutions in Europe (that set off a wave of colonists to other parts of the world, for example, to America and Africa.)
• The Sunni-Shia split in Islam.
• The Roman Catholic–Orthodox split in Christianity.
  NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. (6)

5.3
5.3.1 Examples:

• Archbishop Desmond Tutu – rallied the churches to fight apartheid, and was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.
• Chief Albert Luthuli – he was a reverend who spoke out against apartheid. He became president of the ANC, and was later awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.
• Imam Haron – anti-apartheid activist who died in detention.
• Reverend Buyers Naudé – challenged the apartheid teachings of the Dutch Reformed Church ('NGK'), and was persecuted for this.
  NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. (8)

5.3.2 National Religious Leaders Forum (NRLF)

• It is made up of the leaders of the various religions in South Africa. It serves as a consultative and advisory body to the president, and deals with religious matters.
• It is involved with the major issues facing South African society today.
• Some examples are: To stop the abuse of women and children (GBV).
• To spread awareness of HIV/AIDS and help those infected and affected.
• To promote ethical and moral values, assisting with the moral regeneration of our country.
• To promote religion in education.
• The work of this body ranges over a number of issues, in short, the needs that arise in our society.
• Its main function, however, is advisory, and not legislative.
• It is certainly helpful to the president and the government to be able to call on such a group of experienced and skilled leaders.
• The NRLF plays a key role in preventing interreligious conflict in South Africa.
  NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. (10)

5.4

• Religious teaching: religions teach love, peace, compassion and service to humanity, and encourage their followers to put these teachings into practice.
• Any way in which this is carried out in a religion, whether formally or informally, may be regarded as (educationally) promoting a culture of peace.
• Some educational structures may be more visible and formal: religions have schools, seminaries, orphanages, training and teaching centres, youth groups etc. where their members teach and practise love, peace, compassion and service.
• This kind of teaching and service also takes place all the time in a vast number of informal ways.
  NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. (8)

5.5

• In pre-1994 apartheid South Africa all aspects of society, including religion, was dominated by the policy of separateness.
• To a large extent only Christianity was recognised in public and taught in schools. This was mainly the Dutch Reformed church.
• Other religions were simply ignored, or misrepresented.
• Thus religions were 'apart' from each other and even within a religion, there was separation along racial lines.
• During the height of the Struggle years, however, religion proved to be a powerful force of resistance and unity.
• Leaders from different religions stood together and often led the protest in a strong show of interreligious co-operation.
• Examples of Struggle religious leaders include Rev Frank Chikane, Archbishop Desmond Tutu, Rev Allan Boesak, Archbishop Denis Hurley, Imam Haron and Chief Rabbi Cyril Harris.
  NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. (10)

5.6 Effective

• The Programme for Christian-Muslim Relations in Africa (PROCMURA) runs programs that are directed at women, youth, education and peace and reconciliation successfully.
• The Inter-Faith Action for Peace in Africa (IFAPA) has established chapters in more than 30 African countries to work for unity, peace, democracy, non- racialism, equality irrespective of gender.
• The African Council of Religious Leaders (ACRL) is the largest and most representative multi religious platform in Africa which preserves the identity of each religious community.

Not effective

• Despite the great and dedicated work by these organisations, Africa seems to be seeing an increase in conflict and lack of peace.
• There even seems to be an increase in religious conflict in Africa.
• Inter- religious organisations struggle to obtain the resources required to match their needs.
  NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited (4)

[50]
TOTAL SECTION B: 100
GRAND TOTAL: 150