MARKS: 150 

TIME: 3 hours 

INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION 

1. This question paper consists of TWO SECTIONS. 
   • SECTION A  
     • QUESTION 1: CLIMATE AND WEATHER (40) 
     • QUESTION 2: GEOMORPHOLOGY (40) 
     • QUESTION 3: SETTLEMENT (40)  
   • SECTION B  
     • QUESTION 4: GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES (30) 
2. Answer all FOUR questions.  
3. ALL diagrams are included in the question paper.  
4. Leave a line between subsections of questions answered.
5. Start EACH question at the top of a NEW page. 
6. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this  question paper.  
7. Do NOT write in the margins of the ANSWER BOOK.  
8. Draw fully labelled diagrams when instructed to do so.  
9. Answer in FULL SENTENCES, except when you have to state, name, identify  or list. 
10. Units of measurement MUST be indicated in your final answer, e.g.  1 020 hPa, 14 °C and 45 m.  
11. You may use a non-programmable calculator.  
12. You may use a magnifying glass.  
13. Write neatly and legibly. 
    
    SPECIFIC INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION FOR SECTION B 
14. A 1 : 50 000 topographical map 2329BB LOUIS TRICHARDT and a 1 : 10 000  orthophoto map (2329 BB 04) LOUIS TRICHARDT are provided. 
15. The area demarcated in RED on the topographic map represents the area  covered by the orthophoto map.  
16. Marks will be allocated for steps in calculations. 
17. You must hand in the topographical and the orthophoto map to the invigilator  at the end of this examination session. 

SECTION A 

QUESTION 1: CLIMATE AND WEATHER 

1.1 Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions.  Choose the answer and write only the letter (A–D) next to the question  numbers (1.1.1 to 1.1.5) in the ANSWER BOOK, for example 1.1.6 D. 

Refer to the cross section of a tropical cyclone to answer QUESTIONS  1.1.1–1.1.3. 

[Adapted from www.faculty.luther.edu/~bernatzr/Courses/Chapter13/tropCyc]

1.1.1 The ... stage of development is depicted. 

A immature 
B initial 
C mature 
D dissipating 

1.1.2 The descending air in the eye is dry because of: 

(i) Condensation 
(ii) Adiabatic heating 
(iii) No condensation 
(iv) Adiabatic cooling 

A (i) and (iv) 
B (iii) and (iv) 
C (i) and (ii) 
D (ii) and (iii) 

1.1.3 The following weather condition is associated with the eye: 

A Heavy rain 
B Cumulonimbus clouds 
C Strong winds 
D High temperature

Refer to the map showing the path of tropical cyclone Freddy to answer QUESTIONS  1.1.4 and 1.1.5. 

[Adapted from www.iol.co.za/dailynews/news] 

1.1.4 The life cycle of tropical cyclone Freddy was … days.  

A 7 
B 11 
C 24 
D 5 

1.1.5 Tropical cyclone Freddy dissipated when it moved over Mozambique  on 24/2/2023 because of:  

(i) decreased latent heat 
(ii) increased latent heat  
(iii) decreased friction 
(iv) increased friction 

A (i) and (iii) 
B (i) and (iv) 
C (ii) and (iii) 
D (ii) and (iv) (5 x 1) (5)

1.2 Refer to the sketch depicting a valley climate and choose the answer to  complete the sentences. 

[Adapted from Online.hteseden.co.za] 

1.2.1 (Solar / Terrestrial) radiation causes air at A to cool.  

1.2.2 The wind at A is an/a (anabatic / katabatic) wind. 

1.2.3 As the altitude in the thermal belt increases, the temperature  (decreases / increases). 

1.2.4 The wind at A will be more intense in (summer / winter).  

1.2.5 (Frost / Radiation fog) forms at the bottom of the valley when dew point  temperature drops below 0 °C. (5 x 1) (5)

1.3 Refer to the sketches below on a mid-latitude cyclone. 

1.3.1 In what stage of formation is the mid-latitude cyclone that is  approaching Cape Town? (1 x 1) (1) 

1.3.2 Why is Cape Town currently experiencing higher temperatures  compared to the air behind the cold front? (1 x 1) (1) 

1.3.3 How will the wind direction change as the cold front passes over  Cape Town? (1 x 2) (2) 

1.3.4 Give a reason for your answer to QUESTION 1.3.3. (1 x 2) (2) 

1.3.5 Draw a cross profile from X to Y of the cold front. Clearly indicate the  air movement, cloud type and weather. (3 x 1) (3) 

1.3.6 Explain the development of the cold front occlusion which will lead to  the dissipation of the mid-latitude cyclone. (3 x 2) (6) 

1.4 Refer to the sketches below based on changes in the position of the inversion  layer over South Africa.  

 [Adapted from //slideplayer.com/.+High+Pressure+Systems.jpg] 

1.4.1 What is an inversion layer? (1 x 2) (2)

1.4.2 Which graph, A or B, depicts winter conditions? (1 x 1) (1) 

1.4.3 Give a reason for the position of the inversion layer during winter.   (1 x 2) (2) 

1.4.4 What climatic conditions experienced over the plateau during winter  could be unfavourable for farmers? (2 x 1) (2) 

1.4.5 In a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines, explain how the  subtropical anticyclones influence the climate over the interior of South  Africa during summer. (4 x 2) (8) [40]

QUESTION 2: GEOMORPHOLOGY  

2.1 Match the descriptions in QUESTION 2.1.1 to 2.1.5 with the cross profile of river  type A, B or C. Write only the letter (A, B or C) next to the question numbers (2.1.1 to 2.1.5) in your ANSWER BOOK, for example 2.1.6 B. 

[Adapted from nationalgeographic.org/resource/water-tables] 

2.1.1 Flows only in the rainy season 

2.1.2 Constant supply of groundwater 

2.1.3 Never receives base flow 

2.1.4 Flows only after heavy rainfall 

2.1.5 Flows all year (5 x 1) (5)

2.2 Refer to the sketch below of fluvial landforms. Complete the statements in  COLUMN A with an option in COLUMN B. Write only X or Z next to the question  numbers (2.2.1 to 2.2.5) in the ANSWER BOOK, for example 2.2.6 Z. 

[Adapted from https://quizlet.com/fomation-of-meander/] 

(5 x 1) (5)

2.3 Refer to the sketches based on two drainage basins. 

2.3.1 What is a drainage basin? (1 x 2) (2)

2.3.2 Which drainage basin (A or B) has a higher stream order? (1 x 1) (1) Refer to drainage basin A. 

2.3.3 State the relationship between the number of streams and the stream  order. (1 x 2) (2) 

2.3.4 How will more fingertip (first order) streams impact the drainage  density? (1 x 2) (2) 

2.3.5 In a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines, explain why drainage  basin B has a lower drainage density compared to drainage basin A. (4 x 2) (8) 

2.4 Refer to the case study and map below on catchment and river management.

2.4.1 Where is the Mthatha River’s water quality better; downstream or  upstream of Mthatha? (1 x 1) (1) 

2.4.2 Refer to the case study and identify TWO sources that negatively  impact the quality of water of the Mthatha River. (2 x 1) (2) 

2.4.3 Why is it important to study the indicators of river health at X? (1 x 2) (2) 

2.4.4 Explain how contaminated water (at X) negatively affects the natural  environment. (2 x 2) (4) 

2.4.5 Suggest THREE strategies that can be implemented to improve and  maintain the water quality in the Mthatha River Catchment area.   (3 x 2) (6) [40] 

QUESTION 3: RURAL AND URBAN SETTLEMENTS 

3.1 The graph below shows the proportion of people living in South African urban  areas. Various options are provided as possible answers to the following  questions. Choose the answer and write only the letter (A–D) next to the  question numbers (3.1.1 to 3.1.5) in the ANSWER BOOK, for example 3.1.6 D. 

3.1.1 The process by which an increasing percentage of South Africa’s  population lives in urban areas: 

A Urbanisation 
B Rate of urbanisation 
C Rural-urban migration 
D Level of urbanisation 

3.1.2 South Africa’s approximate level of urbanisation in 2020: 

A 68 million 
B 32% 
C 68% 
D 36% 

3.1.3 The rate of urbanisation was lowest between the following years:  

A 2000 and 2010 
B 1970 and 1980 
C 1950 and 1960 
D 2010 and 2020

3.1.4 The increase in the number of people living in urban areas: 

A Urban expansion 
B Urban sprawl 
C Rate of urbanisation 
D Urban growth 

3.1.5 The causes of urbanisation in South Africa are: 

(i) High rate of emigration from South Africa 
(ii) High rate of immigration into South Africa 
(iii) Rural-urban migration 
(iv) Urban-rural migration 

A (i) and (iii) 
B (ii) and (iii) 
C (i) and (iv) 

D (ii) and (iv) (5 x 1) (5) 

3.2 Refer to figures A and B which represent two different types of goods / services  provided by a central place. Match the descriptions in QUESTION 3.2.1 to 3.2.5  with A or B. Write down only A or B next to the question numbers (3.2.1 to 3.2.5)  in the ANSWER BOOK, for example 3.2.6 A.

3.2.1 Has a smaller range  

3.2.2 Has a larger threshold population  

3.2.3 Required less frequently  

3.2.4 Serves a larger sphere of influence  

3.2.5 Relatively inexpensive (5 x 1) (5) 

3.3 Refer to the extract on rural settlement issues. 

3.3.1 From the extract, name ONE factor that contributes to limited infrastructural investment in rural areas. (1 x 1) (1)

3.3.2 How does rural-urban migration give rise to rural depopulation? (1 x 2) (2) 

3.3.3 Why does rural depopulation negatively affect the economies of rural  settlements? (2 x 2) (4) 

3.3.4 In a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines, explain how developing  infrastructure in rural areas could help reduce the impacts of rural depopulation. (4 x 2) (8)

3.4 Refer to the infographic on the central business district (CBD) of Johannesburg  as a land-use zone.  

THE DECLINE OF THE JOBURG CBD  The Johannesburg CBD was a bustling  economic hub (concentration) of business,  retail and commerce. However, over the  years, this land-use zone has lost its  appeal. One of the most evident signs of  the CBD’s decline is the migration of  businesses and high-end retailers to  Sandton. This shift is mostly due to the high  levels of street crimes in the inner city. The  safety issues have ultimately left the CBD  bereft (deprived) of the economic activity  that once defined it.  A number of various initiatives have been  launched by city officials to rejuvenate the CBD. From urban renewal projects to  stricter law enforcement campaigns, there  have been concerted efforts to reclaim the  CBD’s prestige (high status).  Unfortunately, these efforts have not  brought about the desired changes.

3.4.1 What is an urban land-use zone? (1 x 2) (2) 

3.4.2 State TWO factors that would have originally attracted the high  concentration of business to the CBD. (2 x 1) (2) 

3.4.3 According to the extract, what is the main reason for businesses  moving out of the CBD? (1 x 1) (1) 

3.4.4 What attracts (pulls) businesses to outlying business districts (OBD)  such as Sandton? (2 x 2) (4) 

3.4.5 Explain the positive economic impact that reclaiming the prestige  (high status) of the CBD would have on cities like Johannesburg.   (3 x 2) (6) [40] 

TOTAL SECTION A: 120

SECTION B  

QUESTION 4: GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES 

The following English terms and their translations are shown on the topographic map:  

MAP SKILLS AND CALCULATIONS 

4.1 Various options are provided as possible answers to QUESTIONS 4.1.1  and 4.1.2. Choose the correct answer and write only the letter (A–D) next  to the question numbers (4.1.1 to 4.1.2) in the ANSWER BOOK, for  example 4.1.3 D. 

4.1.1 In which province is Louis Trichardt located? 

A Mpumalanga  
B Gauteng 
C Free State  
D Limpopo (1 x 1) (1) 

4.1.2 On the topographical map, the feature found at 23ْ02‘39‘‘S and :E’’11’54ْ29 

A Hotel 
B School 
C Place of Worship 
D Store (1 x 1) (1) 

4.1.3 (a) What feature does line 5 to 6 on the orthophoto map represent: a valley or a spur? (1 x 1) (1)

(b) Why is there intervisibility between 5 and 6? (1 x 1) (1) 

4.1.4 (a) Calculate the straight-line distance in metres (m) from spot  height 988 (E2) to spot height 993 (D1) on the orthophoto map. (2 x 1) (2) 

(b) Using your answer from QUESTION 4.1.4 (a) calculate the average gradient from spot height 988 (E2) to spot height 993 (D1) on the orthophoto map. 

Use the formula: Gradient = Vertical Interval (VI)
                            Horizontal Equivalent (HE)          (3 x 1) (3) 

(c) How has the gentle average gradient calculated in QUESTION 4.1.4 (b) influenced human activity in the area between the spot heights? (1 x 1) (1)

4.2 MAP INTERPRETATION 

Refer to O on the topographical map and the image below which shows a  photograph of the O. 

[Source: Google Earth] 

4.2.1 (a) The angle of the aerial photograph is (vertical or oblique):  (1 x 1) (1) 

(b) What feature does O represent? (1 x 1) (1) 

(c) Why can O be considered an environmental injustice?   (2 x 1) (2) 

Refer to the street plan (R) on the topographical map. 

4.2.2 What evidence suggests that the street plan at R is grid iron?   (1 x 1) (1) 

4.2.3 Why does a grid iron street plan hinder the flow of traffic? (1 x 2) (2) Refer to N in block C1 and S in block B1. 

4.2.4 Which settlement, N or S, is classified as a nucleated rural  settlement developed in a linear pattern? (1 x 1) (1) 

4.2.5 Explain your answer to QUESTION 4.2.4. (2 x 1) (2)

Refer to M in block C2. 

4.2.6 State TWO advantages of this isolated (dispersed) farmstead.   (2 x 1) (2)

4.3 GEOGRAPHY INFORMATION SYSTEMS (GIS) 

4.3.1 Higher resolution of an image is determined by: 

(i) Many pixels 
(ii) Few pixels 
(iii) Small pixels 
(iv) Large pixels 

A (ii) and (iii) 
B (i) and (iv) 
C (ii) and (iv) 
D (i) and (iii) (1 x 1) (1)

Refer to block D2 on the topographical map. 

4.3.2 Define the concept attribute data. (1 x 2) (2) 

4.3.3 Give ONE attribute that influenced the location of the Louis Trichardt  Aerodrome (K) in block D2 on the topographical map. (1 x 2) (2) 

Refer to block E1 on the topographical map. 

4.3.4 Suggest ONE data layer that the farmer considered before establishing his farm in this specific area (block E1). (1 x 1) (1) 

4.3.5 Provide a reason for the choice of data layer in QUESTION 4.3.4.  (1 x 2) (2) [30]