CIVIL TECHNOLOGY PAPER
GRADE 12
NSC EXAM PAPERS AND MEMOS
NOVEMBER 2016

MEMORANDUM

QUESTION 1: CONSTRUCTION, SAFETY AND MATERIAL 
1.1.1 The worker should have ensured that: 

• the grinder and grinding blade/disc were inspected for defects before  use. √ 
• the angle grinder is used for the intended purpose only. √ 
• correct blade is correctly fitted for the purpose. 
• he/she is trained to use the machine correctly.
• do not force the tool. (2) 

ANY TWO OF THE ABOVE OR ANY OTHER ACCEPTABLE ANSWER 
1.1.2

•  Hard hat/safety helmet √ 
• Safety goggles/goggles √ 
• Overall 
• Safety gloves/gloves  

ANY TWO OF THE ABOVE (2) 
1.1.3 The machine makes a loud noise √ that will damage your hearing. √ It is the rule or regulation on a building site to protect the hearing of workers. ANY OF THE ABOVE (2) 
1.1.4 

• dust mask 
• face shield  
• ear protection/ear plugs/ear muffs 
• safety shoes √ (1) 

ANY ONE OF THE ABOVE 
1.2

1.2.1

• •  Water √
  • Patent sealer
  • Wet sand
  • Hessian
  • Canvas or protective covering
  • Plastic sheeting
  • Straw
  • Waterproof paper
    ANY ONE OF THE ABOVE (1)

1.2.2 7 to 28 days √ (1)

1.3 Any TWO labels √√ 

Single line for roof covering is acceptable. 
Wall plate in good proportion acceptable. 
1.4 

• More battens are used √ 
• More roof trusses are used to carry weight of tiles √ 
• Clay/concrete tile more expensive than corrugated iron sheeting 
• More labour intensive 
• Needs roof underlay (2) 
  ANY TWO OF THE ABOVE 

1.5

• Tiles /cladding√ 
• Paint (1)
  ANY ONE OF THE ABOVE 

1.6

• Tiles last longer/easy to clean/ water resistant √ 
• Paint does not last as long as tiles, easy to clean.  
• Tiles/paint gives attractive/decorative appearance. 
• Protect plaster.
  ANY ONE OF THE ABOVE (1) 

1.7

1.7.1 Channel-iron/U beam √ (1)
1.7.2 Exposed steel is prone to rust if not treated. √ (1) 
1.7.3

• • Paint the metal. √
  • Can be galvanised.
  • Powder coating/ epoxy coating. 
  • Can be covered with oil. (1)
    ANY ONE OF THE ABOVE 

1.7.4

• • Channel iron is used for bracing or as joists. √
  • Frame of steel structures/struts/roof structures (1)
    OR ANY OTHER ACCEBTABLE ANSWER 

1.8

1.8.1

• • Three quarter bat/brick
  • 165 mm x 110 mm. √ (1) 
    ANY ONE OF THE ABOVE 

1.8.2   (4)

1.9

• Cement fibre ceiling boards √ 
• Match board ceiling boards  
• Steel ceilings 
• Gypsum boards 
• Knotty pine ceilings 
• PVC/plastic/polystyrene ceilings(1) 
  ANY ONE OF THE ABOVE 

1.10

• To allow excess water or damp to escape √
• keeping the inner wall dry 
• Ventilation(1) 
  ANY ONE OF THE ABOVE 

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QUESTION 2: ADVANCED CONSTRUCTION AND EQUIPMENT 
2.1

2.1.1 D √ (1)
2.1.2 L √ (1)
2.1.3 J √ (1)
2.1.4 H √ (1)
2.1.5 K √ (1) 
2.1.6 A √ (1)   
2.1.7 M √ (1)
2.1.8 I √ (1)
2.1.9 G √ (1)
2.1.10 B √ (1) 

2.2

2.2.1 Chalk line √ 
 USE 

• To draw a straight line on a surface, by snapping the line. √ 
• Lay out walls on foundation. 
• Some types can be used as a plumb bobs. 
• Draw long lines on floors.(2) 
  ANY TWO OF THE ABOVE 

2.2.2 Try square √ 
 USE 

• Marking lines perpendicular to surfaces of materials. √ 
• Testing squareness, straightness. 
• Calibrated blade can be used for measuring. 
• As a straight edge to test whether small surfaces are flat and straight.  (2)
  ANY TWO OF THE ABOVE 

2.2.3 Mitre square √ 
 USE 

• The mitre can be used to check/end marks 45°angles. √ 
• Test squareness of corners. 
• Test mitre angles/and mark them.
• Marking lines perpendicular to surfaces are flat and straight. 
• Testing squareness, straightness of surfaces. 
• Calibrated blade can be used for measuring. 
• As a straight edge to test whether surfaces of materials. (2)
  ANY TWO OF THE ABOVE 

2.2.4 Sliding bevel √ 
USE 

• The blade is adjustable for setting out and testing of any  angles. √ 
• Draw inclined or oblique lines as well as for the testing of angles. 
• Draw angles other than 90˚ 
• Copying angles from one surface to another. (2)
  ANY TWO OF THE ABOVE 

2.3

2.3.1

• • The tensile strength of the concrete is compromised. √
  • Weakens the structure/ structure will break easily/ collapse. √
  • Will not be able to resist heavy loads.  (2)
    ANY TWO OF THE ABOVE 

2.3.2 To strengthen the concrete where it is the weakest against tensile  strength. √ (1) 
2.3.3

Stirrups strengthen concrete against shear forces. √ 
Shear forces are the greatest next to the support, 
Stirrups resist shear stress. (1)

2.4

2.4.1 Slump test √ (1) 
2.4.2 This test is used to test the workability of concrete/ consistency of  the concrete √ (1) 
2.4.3 For every new/fresh batch of concrete that is mixed √ (1) 

2.5

• Cavity walls are to prevent the penetration of water into the wall as they  have better water proofing qualities. √ 
• Cavity walls help to protect the inner wall of a house against moisture. √
• Cavity walls provide insulation against extreme temperatures and  noise. 
• Avoid expensive external rendering. 
• Enable the use of cheaper or alternative materials for the inner  construction.
  ANY TWO OF THE ABOVE (2) 

2.6

2.6.1

A – Compression force/pushing forces √ 
B – Tensile force/bending forces √ 
C – Lateral force √ (3)

2.7

2.7.1 Round/circular/cylindrical column formwork √ (1)
2.7.2 Hardboard/plywood/pvc/galvanised/metal sheets √ (1)
2.7.3 Bolt and nut/threaded rods with nuts/clamp √ (1)
2.7.4 Apply form oil/emulsion oil/releasing agents to formwork √ (1)

2.8

• A rib and block floor is very quick to install √ (1) 
• quicker than in situ concrete floor 
  ANY ONE OF THE ABOVE 

2.9 

(5) 

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QUESTION 3: CIVIL SERVICES 

3.1 

Labelling not required (2)
3.2 40/50 mm √ (1)
3.3

3.3.1

A Ventilation pipe/breather pipe/gas escape pipe √ (1) 
B Inlet pipe/Inflow pipe/Influent √ (1)
C Settling chamber/Chamber 1 √ (1)
D Discharge chamber/Chamber 2 √ (1)
E Manhole cover/Manhole lid/Cover √ (1)
F Outlet pipe/Effluent √ (1) 

3.3.2 The raw sewerage will be broken down by anaerobic/bacterial  action. √ (1) 
3.3.3

• • G allows the liquids to flow from chamber C to chamber D. √
  • Will also balance the liquid levels.(1) 
    ANY ONE OF THE ABOVE 

3.3.4 The liquids in D will flow out through F to a French drain. √ (1)
3.3.5 The level of the liquids will be the same. √ (1) 
3.3.6

• • The water coming from the bath or sink contains soap  (chemicals) that is poisonous to the bacteria and will hinder the anaerobic/bacterial process. √ (1)
  • It will fill up quicker if the frech drain gets saturated.
    ANY ONE OF THE ABOVE 

3.4 Storm water systems are used to carry storm water to rivers or low-lying  dams. √ (1) 
3.5 If you direct storm water into a sewerage system: 

• the water will flood the reticulation plant. √ 
• raw sewerage will overflow into rivers and pollute water sources. √ 
• it is illegal to direct rain or storm water into a sewerage system.
  ANY TWO OF THE ABOVE (2)

3.6 Pressure control valves (pressure-reducing valves) are used to ensure that: 

• a constant pressure is maintained in the water installation√ 
• prevent pipes from bursting 
• the pressure rating is in accordance with the pressure rating of the  geyser. 
  ANY ONE OF THE ABOVE (1) 

3.7

• An elbow will be used to change the direction of a pipe √ 
• A T-coupler will be used to split the water supply into two different flow directions/ to combine two different flow directions into one(shower).√ (2) 
  ANY TWO OF THE ABOVE 

3.8 Thermostat √ (1)
3.9 Gravity geyser/Low pressure geyser √ (1) 
3.10 Black √ Absorbs the most heat √ (2)
3.11 

A: Wall light √ 
B: Power point/Socket outlet/Switch Socket outlet/Plug √(2) 

ANY OTHER WAY OF INDICATING CONDUIT PIPES 

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QUESTION 4: QUANTITIES, MATERIALS AND JOINING 
4.1

4.1.1 Door stile √ (1)
4.1.2 50 mm/50 √ (1)
4.1.3 600 √ (1)
4.1.4 3 √ (1)
4.1.5 693 mm/693 √ (1)
4.1.6 1 907 mm/1 907 OR 1 904 mm/1 904 √ (1)
4.1.7 20 mm/20 √ (1) 

4.2

4.2.1 B √ (1)
4.2.2 A √ (1)
4.2.3 D √ (1)
4.2.4 D √ (1)
4.2.5 A √ (1)
4.2.6 D √ (1)
4.2.7 C √ (1)

4.3.1 

4.3.2 

If candidates did not use the dimension paper/sheet 2 marks should be  deducted 

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QUESTION 5: APPLIED MECHANICS 
5.1 

5.1.1 675 mm² √ (1)
5.1.2 4 800 mm² OR 4 400 mm² √ (1)
5.1.3 400 mm² √ (1)
5.1.4 5 075 mm² √ (1)
5.1.5 30 mm √ (1)
5.1.6 95 mm √ √ (2)
5.1.7 40 mm √ (1)
When the wrong unit were used the learner will be penalised with ONE mark.

Copyright reserved Please turn over 

Civil Technology 15 DBE/November 2016  NSC – Memorandum 

5.2 

DIAGRAM A: SPACE DIAGRAM 

DIAGRAM B: VECTOR DIAGRAM/FORCE DIAGRAM 

NOT ACCORDING TO SCALE 

USE A MASK TO MARK THIS QUESTION 

(6) 
Tolerance of 1 N to either side 

5.3.1 
SHEAR FORCE DIAGRAM 

USE A MASK TO MARK THIS QUESTION 

5.3.2 Calculated from the left: 

BMd: = (28 x 6) - (10 x 4) - (20 x 1) √  
 = 168 - 40 - 20 √ 
 = 108 Nm √ 

 OR 

Calculated from the right: 

BM_d: = (42 x 4) - (20 x 2) - (20 x 1)  
 = 168 - 40 - 20  
 = 108 Nm (3)

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ANSWER SHEET 6.1

QUESTION 6: GRAPHICS AND COMMUNICATION
ANSWER SHEET 6.2  

NOT TO SCALE: USE A MASK TO MARK THIS QUESTION ONE MARK SHOULD BE DEDUCTED IF JUNCTIONS AT WALLS ARE  CLOSED  
ONE MARK SHOULD BE DEDUCTED IF INTERNAL DOORS HAVE A  WALL BETWEEN THE OPENING 

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