HISTORY
PAPER TWO (P2) 
GRADE 12
NSC EXAM PAPERS AND MEMOS
NOVEMBER 2016

INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION 

1. This question paper consists of SECTION A and SECTION B based on the  prescribed content framework in the CAPS document.
   SECTION A: SOURCE-BASED QUESTIONS 
   QUESTION 1: CIVIL RESISTANCE, 1970s TO 1980s: SOUTH AFRICA
   QUESTION 2: THE COMING OF DEMOCRACY TO SOUTH AFRICA AND  COMING TO TERMS WITH THE PAST
   QUESTION 3: THE END OF THE COLD WAR AND A NEW WORLD  ORDER, 1989 TO THE PRESENT
   SECTION B: ESSAY QUESTIONS 
   QUESTION 4: CIVIL RESISTANCE, 1970s TO 1980s: SOUTH AFRICA:  THE CRISIS OF APARTHEID IN THE 1980s
   QUESTION 5: THE COMING OF DEMOCRACY TO SOUTH AFRICA AND  COMING TO TERMS WITH THE PAST
   QUESTION 6: THE END OF THE COLD WAR AND A NEW WORLD  ORDER: THE EVENTS OF 1989
2. SECTION A consists of THREE source-based questions. Source material that  is required to answer these questions may be found in the ADDENDUM. 
3. SECTION B consists of THREE essay questions. 
4. Answer THREE questions as follows:
   4.1 At least ONE must be a source-based question and at least ONE must  be an essay question.
   4.2 The THIRD question may be either a source-based question or an  essay question.
5. You are advised to spend at least ONE hour per question.
6. When answering questions, you should apply your knowledge, skills and  insight.
7. You will be disadvantaged by merely rewriting the sources as answers.
8. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this  question paper.
9. Write clearly and legibly.

QUESTIONS

SECTION A: SOURCE-BASED QUESTIONS 
Answer at least ONE question, but not more than TWO questions, in this section.  Source material that is required to answer these questions may be found in the  ADDENDUM. 
QUESTION 1: HOW DID THE PHILOSOPHY OF BLACK CONSCIOUSNESS  INFLUENCE THE SOWETO UPRISING OF 1976? 
Study Sources 1A, 1B, 1C and 1D and answer the questions that follow.
1.1 Refer to Source 1A. 

1.1.1 What do you understand by the philosophy of Black Consciousness? (1 x 2) (2) 
1.2.1 Quote TWO pieces of evidence from the source that suggest that  the Soweto Uprising was directly influenced by the ideology of the  Black Consciousness Movement. (2 x 1)     (2) 
1.3.1 What, according to the source, was discussed at the general  council meeting of SASM that was held on 28 May 1976?  (2)  (1 x 2)  
1.4.1 Comment on the roles that Seth Mazibuko and Tsietsi Mashinini  played in mobilising the learners of Soweto. (2 x 2) (4) 

1.2 Read Source 1B. 

1.2.1 Quote THREE school subjects from the source that the apartheid  government wanted black South African learners to study using  Afrikaans as the medium of instruction. (3 x 1) (3) 
1.2.2 Using the information in the source and your own knowledge, explain why the apartheid government did not respond to the  request of SASM to have Afrikaans abolished as a medium of  instruction. (2 x 2) (4) 
1.2.3 Why do you think learners decided to chant slogans and wave  placards during the march? (1 x 2) (2) 

1.3 Consult Sources 1A and 1B. Explain which ONE of the sources (Source 1A  or Source 1B) you think would be more useful to a historian researching how events unfolded in Soweto in June 1976. (2 x 2) (4) 
1.4 Study Source 1C. 

1.4.1 What messages does the photograph convey? (2 x 2)  (4) 
1.4.2 Explain why this photograph by Sam Nzima became an iconic  image both locally and internationally. (2 x 2) (4)

1.5 Compare Sources 1B and 1C. Explain how the information in Source 1B  supports the evidence in Source 1C regarding the Soweto uprising. (2 x 2) (4) 
1.6 Use Source 1D. 

1.6.1 How, according to the source, did the apartheid government  respond to the events that occurred in Soweto? (2 x 1) (2) 
1.6.2 Give THREE reasons that Andries Treurnicht gave to justify the  South African government's language policy. (3 x 1) (3) 
1.6.3 Why did the leaders of the apartheid regime respond in a different  way to the Soweto Uprising than African parents? (1 x 2) (2) 

1.7 Using the information in the relevant sources and your own knowledge, write  a paragraph of about EIGHT lines (about 80 words), explaining how the philosophy of Black Consciousness influenced the Soweto Uprising of 1976. (8)

[50]

QUESTION 2: WAS THE TRUTH AND RECONCILIATION COMMISSION (TRC)  SUCCESSFUL IN DEALING WITH THE INJUSTICES OF THE  PAST? 
Study Sources 2A, 2B, 2C and 2D and answer the questions that follow.
2.1 Refer to Source 2A. 

2.1.1 Why, according to the source, was the TRC established? (1 x 2)  (2) 
2.1.2 Define the term amnesty in the context of the TRC hearings.   (1 x 2)  (2) 
2.1.3 Identify the TWO crimes of which the perpetrators in Nokuthula  Simelane's case were accused. (2 x 1)  (2) 
2.1.4 Using the information in the source and your own knowledge, explain why Willem Coetzee and Nimrod Veyi's evidence regarding the disappearance of Nokuthula Simelane contradicted (went against) each other. (2 x 2)  (4) 
2.1.5 Comment on how the legacy of Nokuthula Simelane was  commemorated. (2 x 2)  (4) 

2.2 Consult Source 2B. 

2.2.1 Explain the messages that the source conveys regarding the work  of the TRC. Use the visual clues in the source to support your  answer. (2 x 2) (4) 
2.2.2 Why, in your opinion, did the cartoonist refer to: 

1. 1. Boipatong (1 x 2) (2)
   2. Niewoudt (1 x 2) (2) 

2.2.3 Using the information in the source and your own knowledge, explain why a historian would find the information in the source  useful. (2 x 2)  (4) 

2.3 Read Source 2C. 

2.3.1 What, according to Ernestina Simelane, would a new trial about  her daughter's disappearance reveal? (1 x 2)  (2) 
2.3.2 Identify any THREE apartheid security branch policemen that the  state claimed were responsible for the killing of Nokuthula  Simelane. (3 x 1)  (3) 
2.3.3 Quote evidence from the source that suggests that Ernestina  Simelane warned her daughter about her safety. (1 x 2) (2)

2.4 Refer to Sources 2A and 2C. Explain how the information in both sources is similar regarding the disappearance of Nokuthula Simelane. (2 x 2) (4) 
2.5 Study Source 2D. 

2.5.1 Explain why, according to Desmond Tutu, the NPA's decision to  prosecute Simelane's alleged killers was 'significant and historic'.   (2 x 2)  (4) 
2.5.2 What recommendation did the TRC make to the NPA in 2002?  (1 x 1)  (1) 

2.6 Using the information in the relevant sources and your own knowledge, write  a paragraph of about EIGHT lines (about 80 words) explaining whether the  TRC was successful in dealing with the injustices of the past. (8)

[50]

QUESTION 3: HOW DID THE IMPLEMENTATION OF STRUCTURAL  ADJUSTMENT PROGRAMMES (SAPs) BY INTERNATIONAL  FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS AFFECT AFRICAN COUNTRIES? 
Study Sources 3A, 3B, 3C and 3D and answer the questions that follow.
3.1 Refer to Source 3A.  

3.1.1.Why, according to the source, did the government in Washington  decide to suppress the economies of Third World countries?  (1 x 2) (2) 
3.1.2  Name the TWO international financial institutions in the source that  imposed structural adjustment programmes on developing  countries. (2 x 1)  (2) 
3.1.3 Define the term trade liberalisation in the context of globalisation.   (1 x 2)  (2) 
3.1.4 Explain how the privatisation of industries affected African  countries. (2 x 2) (4) 

3.2 Study Source 3B.  

3.2.1 Comment on why Leach stated that structural adjustment  programmes were controversial. (2 x 2) (4) 
3.2.2 How, according to Serageldin, should the gap between  expenditure and income be filled in developing countries? (3 x 1)  (3) 
3.2.3 Explain to what extent you would consider this source useful to a  historian researching how structural adjustment programmes were  imposed on developing countries. (2 x 2)  (4) 

3.3 Consult Sources 3A and 3B. Explain how the information in these sources is similar regarding the impact that structural adjustment programmes had on  developing countries. (2 x 2) (4) 
3.4 Use Source 3C.  

3.4.1 Give THREE reasons in the source that suggest that the 'economic  renaissance' for Africa appears to be over. (3 x 1)  (3) 
3.4.2 Quote any TWO pieces of evidence from the source that show that  the IMF has failed Africa. (2 x 1) (2) 
3.4.3 Comment on why you think debt cancellation for countries in Africa  became a necessity. (2 x 2) (4)

3.5 Consult Source 3D. 

3.5.1 Explain the messages that the cartoonist conveys regarding debt  cancellation. (2 x 2)  (4) 
3.5.2 How does the cartoonist portray the following: (2) 

1. 1. The West (1 x 2)
   2. Africa (1 x 2) (2) 

3.6 Using the information in the relevant sources and your own knowledge, write  a paragraph of about EIGHT lines (about 80 words) explaining how the  implementation of structural adjustment programmes by international  financial institutions affected African countries. (8) 

[50]

SECTION B: ESSAY QUESTIONS 
Answer at least ONE question, but not more than TWO questions, in this section. Your essay should be about THREE pages long. 

QUESTION 4: CIVIL RESISTANCE, 1970s TO 1980s: SOUTH AFRICA: THE  CRISIS OF APARTHEID IN THE 1980s 
Explain to what extent PW Botha's attempt at reforming the policy of 'grand' apartheid  in the early 1980s was met with mass resistance by grassroots community  organisations. 
Support your line of argument by using relevant evidence. [50] 

QUESTION 5: THE COMING OF DEMOCRACY TO SOUTH AFRICA AND  COMING TO TERMS WITH THE PAST 
The violence that plagued South Africa in the early 1990s almost derailed the process  of negotiations and the birth of a democratic and free South Africa. 
Critically discuss this statement by referring to the role that leadership, negotiation and  compromise played in South Africa's attainment of democracy in 1994. [50] 

QUESTION 6: THE END OF THE COLD WAR AND A NEW WORLD ORDER:  THE EVENTS OF 1989 
The collapse of the Soviet Union in 1989 served as a major catalyst (spark) for the  political transformation that occurred in South Africa. 
Do you agree with this statement? Substantiate your line of argument by referring to  relevant events that shaped the political landscape in South Africa between 1989 and  1990. [50] 

TOTAL: 150