HISTORY PAPER 2
GRADE 12
NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE
NOVEMBER 2017

INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION

1. This question paper consists of SECTION A and SECTION B based on the prescribed content framework in the CAPS document.
   SECTION A: SOURCE-BASED QUESTIONS
   QUESTION 1: CIVIL RESISTANCE, 1970s TO 1980s: SOUTH AFRICA
   QUESTION 2: THE COMING OF DEMOCRACY TO SOUTH AFRICA AND COMING TO TERMS WITH THE PAST
   QUESTION 3: THE END OF THE COLD WAR AND A NEW WORLD ORDER, 1989 TO THE PRESENT
   SECTION B: ESSAY QUESTIONS
   QUESTION 4: CIVIL RESISTANCE, 1970s TO 1980s: SOUTH AFRICA: THE CRISIS OF APARTHEID IN THE 1980s
   QUESTION 5: THE COMING OF DEMOCRACY TO SOUTH AFRICA AND COMING TO TERMS WITH THE PAST
   QUESTION 6: THE END OF THE COLD WAR AND A NEW WORLD ORDER: THE EVENTS OF 1989
2. SECTION A consists of THREE source-based questions. Source material that is required to answer these questions may be found in the ADDENDUM.
3. SECTION B consists of THREE essay questions.
4. Answer THREE questions as follows:
   4.1 At least ONE must be a source-based question and at least ONE must be an essay question.
   4.2 The THIRD question may be either a source-based question or an essay question.
5. You are advised to spend at least ONE hour per question.
6. When answering the questions, you should apply your knowledge, skills and insight.
7. You will be disadvantaged by merely rewriting the sources as answers.
8. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this question paper.
9. Write neatly and legibly.

SECTION A: SOURCE-BASED QUESTIONS
Answer at least ONE question, but not more than TWO questions, in this section. Source material to be used to answer these questions is contained in the ADDENDUM.
QUESTION 1:
WHAT LESSONS CAN SOUTH AFRICANS LEARN FROM BANTU STEPHEN BIKO WHO DIED FORTY YEARS AGO?
Study Sources 1A, 1B, 1C and 1D and answer the questions that follow.
1.1 Refer to Source 1A.
1.1.1 Define the concept Black Consciousness in your own words. (1 x 2)(2)
1.1.2 Using the information in the source, quote THREE components of the philosophy of Black Consciousness. (3 x 1)(3)
1.1.3 Explain, in your own words, how black South Africans could achieve psychological liberation. (1 x 2)(2)
1.1.4 Comment on the usefulness of the information in this source for a historian researching the philosophy of Black Consciousness. (2 x 2)(4)
1.2 Read Source 1B.
1.2.1 Select TWO pieces of evidence from the source that suggest that the police regarded Steve Biko as a threat. (2 x 1)(2)
1.2.2 Why, according to the information in the source, did the police decide to arrest Steve Biko outside Grahamstown in 1977? (1 x 2)(2)
1.2.3 Using the information in the source and your own knowledge, explain what motivated the doctors to make false diagnoses regarding how Biko died. (2 x 2)(4)
1.2.4 Quote THREE words from the source that describe how Biko died on 12 September 1977. (3 x 1) (3)
1.3 Consult Source 1C.
1.3.1 Explain why you think Black Consciousness activists decided to carry this poster. (1 x 2) (2)
1.3.2 Comment on the significance of the following in the poster:

1. The clenched fists (1 x 2)(2)
2. The broken chain (1 x 2) (2)

1.4 Use Source 1D.
1.5 Compare Sources 1B and 1D. Explain how the information in Source 1B supports the evidence in Source 1D regarding the death of Steve Biko. (2 x 2)
(4)
1.6 Using the information in the relevant sources and your own knowledge, write a paragraph of about EIGHT lines (about 80 words) explaining the lessons that South Africans can learn from Bantu Stephen Biko who died forty years ago. (8)
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1.4.1 Why do you think Allister Sparks was determined to find out how Steve Biko was murdered? (2 x 2)(4)
1.4.2 Name TWO ways in the source that show how Helen Zille went about gathering information regarding Biko's murder. (2 x 1)(2)
1.4.3 Comment on how Jimmy Kruger and Dr Hersch differed regarding the circumstances under which Biko died. (2 x 2)(4)

QUESTION 2:
HOW DID THE TRUTH AND RECONCILIATION COMMISSION (TRC) DEAL WITH THE MURDER OF POLITICAL ACTIVISTS, SUCH AS AHMED TIMOL?
Study Sources 2A, 2B, 2C and 2D and answer the questions that follow.
2.1 Refer to Source 2A.
2.1.1 What happened to Ahmed Timol on 22 October 1971? (1 x 1)(1)
2.1.2 Quote TWO pieces of incriminating evidence that police found in the boot of Ahmed Timol's car. (2 x 1)(2)
2.1.3 What evidence in the source suggests that Ahmed Timol was tortured while in police custody? List THREE pieces of evidence. (3 x 1)(3)
2.1.4 Explain to what extent you would consider the evidence given by police interrogators regarding how Timol was killed, to be reliable. (2 x 2)(4)
2.2 Consult Source 2B.
2.2.1 Why, according to the source, was the TRC established? (1 x 2)(2)
2.2.2 Define the term amnesty in the context of the TRC. (1 x 2)(2)
2.2.3 Name the following leaders of the TRC:

1. The chairperson (1 x 1)(1)
2. The deputy chairperson (1 x 1) (1)

2.2.4 Using the information in the source and your own knowledge, explain why the democratic government opted for restorative justice rather than retributive justice. (2 x 2) (4)
2.3 Read Source 2C.
2.3.1 Explain why you think this photograph was taken. (2 x 2)(4)
2.3.2 Comment on why Hawa Timol decided to appear before the TRC. (2 x 2)(4)
2.4 Compare Sources 2B and 2C. Explain how the information in Source 2B supports the evidence in Source 2C regarding how the TRC dealt with the murder of Ahmed Timol. (2 x 2) (4)
2.5 Study Source 2D.
2.5.1 Why, according to the evidence in the source, did the NPA decide to reopen the inquest into how Ahmed Timol was murdered? (1 x 2)(2)
2.5.2 Explain why you think Cajee decided to pay tribute to Hawa Timol. (2 x 2)(4)
2.5.3 Comment on what you think was implied by the statement, '… the inquest would set a precedent (example) for other families to follow', in the context of the TRC hearings. (2 x 2)(4)
2.6 Using the information in the relevant sources and your own knowledge, write a paragraph of about EIGHT lines (about 80 words) explaining how the TRC dealt with the murder of political activists, such as Ahmed Timol. (8)
[50]

QUESTION 3:
HOW WAS SOUTH AFRICA'S POULTRY INDUSTRY AFFECTED BY GLOBALISATION?
Study Sources 3A, 3B, 3C and 3D and answer the questions that follow.
3.1 Read Source 3A.
3.1.1 Define the term globalisation in your own words. (1 x 2)(2)
3.1.2 Quote THREE ways from the source that suggest that globalisation affected the physical wellbeing of societies in the world. (3 x 1)(3)
3.1.3 Using the information in the source and your own knowledge, explain why internationalism was regarded as more successful than nationalism in the context of globalisation. (2 x 2)(4)
3.1.4 Identify the TWO international monetary (financial) institutions that supported the process of globalisation. (2 x 1)(2)
3.1.5 Why, according to the information in the source, did monetary institutions decide to pressurise South Africa to remove its trade barriers? (2 x 1)(2)
3.2 Study Source 3B.
3.2.1 What prompted South African poultry producers to join the anti-globalisation protests? (1 x 1)(1)
3.2.2 Explain why European poultry producers criticised South African poultry farmers about how they conducted their business. (2 x 2)(4)
3.2.3  Why, according to the source, did the South African government decide to protect the local poultry industry? (2 x 1)(2)
3.3 Consult Source 3C.
3.3.1 Explain the messages that are conveyed in the cartoon. Use the visual clues in the source to support your answer. (2 x 2)(4)
3.3.2  Comment on why you think the cartoonist decided to portray 'CHEAP IMPORTS' as larger than 'LOCAL PRODUCERS'. (2 x 2)(4)
3.4 Compare Sources 3B and 3C. Explain how the information in Source 3B supports the evidence in Source 3C regarding the crisis that South Africa's poultry industry faced. (2 x 2) (4)
3.5 Read Source 3D.
3.5.1 Name the union that pleaded with the South African government to tighten regulations regarding cheap poultry imports. (1 x 1)(1)
3.5.2 Which country, according to the source, was South Africa's major competitor regarding poultry imports? (1 x 1)(1)
3.5.3 Explain how the DTI and DAFF attempted to protect South Africa's poultry industry. (2 x 2)(4)
3.5.4 Using the information in the source and your own knowledge, explain why a historian would find this source useful when researching the impact that cheap imports had on South Africa's poultry industry. (2 x 2)(4)
3.6 Using the information in the relevant sources and your own knowledge, write a paragraph of about EIGHT lines (about 80 words) explaining how South Africa's poultry industry was affected by globalisation. (8)
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SECTION B: ESSAY QUESTIONS
Answer at least ONE question, but not more than TWO questions, in this section.
Your essay should be about THREE pages long.

QUESTION 4:
CIVIL RESISTANCE, 1970s TO 1980s: SOUTH AFRICA: THE CRISIS OF APARTHEID IN THE 1980s
PW Botha's attempts at reforming the system of apartheid were met with intense international resistance.
Critically discuss this statement with reference to the various forms of resistance that international anti-apartheid movements used to ensure the ultimate downfall of the apartheid regime in the 1980s.
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QUESTION 5:
THE COMING OF DEMOCRACY TO SOUTH AFRICA AND COMING TO TERMS WITH THE PAST
Explain to what extent political leadership and commitment by key South African role players paved the way for the birth of a non-racial democratic South Africa in 1994.
Support your line of argument with relevant evidence.
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QUESTION 6:
THE END OF THE COLD WAR AND A NEW WORLD ORDER: THE EVENTS OF 1989
Gorbachev's policies of Glasnost and Perestroika led to the disintegration of the Soviet Union in 1989 which had a direct impact on South African politics.
Do you agree with the statement? Support your line of argument with relevant evidence.
[50]
TOTAL: 150