HISTORY P1
FEBRUARY/MARCH 2016
NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE
GRADE 12
INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION
SECTION A: SOURCE-BASED QUESTIONS
Answer at least ONE question, but not more than TWO questions, in this section. Source material that is required to answer these questions can be found in the ADDENDUM.
QUESTION 1: WHY DID THE GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC DECIDE TO BUILD THE BERLIN WALL IN 1961?
Study Sources 1A, 1B, 1C and 1D and answer the questions that follow.
1.1 Use Source 1A.
1.1.1 List FOUR events, according to the information in the source, which East Germany regarded as acts of aggression by West Germany. (4 x 1) (4)
1.1.2 Identify the TWO opposing military alliances that are mentioned in the source. (2 x 1) (2)
1.1.3 Explain why the East German government believed it was necessary to build the Berlin Wall in 1961. (2 x 2) (4)
1.1.4 Comment on whether you would regard the information in this source as reliable in the context of the German Democratic Republic's decision to build the Berlin Wall in 1961. (2 x 2) (4)
Refer to Source 1B.
1.2.1 Select TWO words from the source that best describe the economy of West Germany in 1961. (2 x 1) (2)
1.2.2 Define the term capitalism in the context of the evidence in the source. (1 x 2) (2)
1.2.3 Why do you think the United States of America had 'poured $600 million into West Berlin'? Support your answer with relevant evidence. (2 x 2) (4)
1.2.4 Explain why three million people decided to escape to West Germany from 1949 onwards. (2 x 2) (4)
1.2.5 Give TWO reasons why West Berlin was considered strategically important to the United States of America. (2 x 1) (2)
1.3 Study Source 1C.
1.3.1 With reference to the visual clues in the source, what message does the cartoon convey about life in:
1.3.2 Explain how the cartoon gives a biased picture of life in both West and East Germany. Support your answer by using the visual clues in the source. (2 x 2) (4)
1.4 Consult Source 1D.
1.4.1 State any TWO pieces of evidence in the source that suggest that people living in East Germany were dissatisfied with the government's economic policies. (2 x 1) (2)
1.4.2 Explain the steps taken by the East German government to prevent the economic collapse of the country. (2 x 2) (4)
1.5 Using the information in the relevant sources and your own knowledge, write a paragraph of about EIGHT lines (about 80 words), explaining why the German Democratic Republic decided to build the Berlin Wall in 1961. (8)
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QUESTION 2: WHY DID SOUTH AFRICA AND CUBA BECOME INVOLVED IN THE COLD WAR IN ANGOLA AFTER 1975?
Study Sources 2A, 2B, 2C and 2D and answer the questions that follow.
2.1 Refer to Source 2A.
2.1.1 Name TWO countries that Vorster blamed for South Africa's intervention in Angola. (2 x 1) (2)
2.1.2 Why, according to Vorster, did South Africa become involved in the Cold War in Angola? Give THREE reasons for your answer. (3 x 1) (3)
2.1.3 Comment on how the information given in paragraph 2 about South Africa's involvement in the Cold War in Angola goes against Vorster's statement in paragraph 1. (2 x 2) (4)
2.1.4 Identify TWO African leaders in the source that supported the decision by the South African Defence Force to assist the FNLA and UNITA. (2 x 1) (2)
2.2 Consult Source 2B.
2.2.1 What messages does the cartoonist convey regarding the nature of foreign intervention in Angola? Use the visual clues in the source to support your answer. (2 x 2) (4)
2.2.2 Explain the limitations of the source to a historian studying the role of foreign intervention in Angola between 1975 and 1976. (2 x 2) (4)
2.3 Study Source 2C.
2.3.1 How did South Africa react to the lack of 'open support' from the West and black African allies for its withdrawal from Angola in 1975? (1 x 2) (2)
2.3.2 Explain why Vorster was not prepared to confirm whether America supported South Africa during the Cold War in Angola. (2 x 2) (4)
2.3.3 Select evidence from the source that suggests that the US government supported South Africa's military operation in Angola in 1975. (2 x 1) (2)
2.3.4 Using the information in the source and your own knowledge, explain what De Borchgrave implied by the statement that 'moderate black African presidents had given [...] their blessing for the same operation' in the context of events that occurred in Angola between 1975 and 1976. (2 x 2) (4)
2.4 Read Source 2D.
2.4.1 Which African country (other than South Africa) sent troops into Angola to fight against the MPLA? (1 x 1) (1)
2.4.2 Why did Fidel Castro blame the United States of America for instigating (causing) the war in Angola? Support your answer with relevant evidence from the source. (2 x 2) (4)
2.4.3 Explain why you think leaders from Fidel Castro's party felt it was necessary to support the MPLA. (2 x 2) (4)
2.4.4 Quote words from the source that Castro used to indicate the following:
2.5 Using the information in the relevant sources and your own knowledge, write a paragraph of about EIGHT lines (about 80 words), explaining why South Africa and Cuba became involved in the Cold War in Angola after 1975. (8)
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QUESTION 3: HOW DID AMERICANS REACT TO THE INTEGRATION OF CENTRAL HIGH SCHOOL IN LITTLE ROCK, ARKANSAS, IN 1957?
Study Sources 3A, 3B, 3C and 3D and answer the questions that follow.
3.1 Read Source 3A.
3.1.1 Explain the term integration in the context of the events that occurred at Central High School in 1957. (1 x 2) (2)
3.1.2 How did members of the board at Central High School respond to the ruling of the Federal Court? (1 x 2) (2)
3.1.3 Describe in your own words how Principal Matthews expected the students at Central High School to conduct themselves. (2 x 2) (4)
3.1.4 How, according to the information in the source, did Central High School hope to keep its reputation as one of the leading public high schools in the USA? (1 x 2) (2)
3.2 Refer to Source 3B.
3.2.1 Why do you think this photograph was taken? Give TWO reasons for your answer. (2 x 2) (4)
3.2.2 Explain what prompted the white American students to march out of Central High School. (1 x 2) (2)
3.3 Refer to Sources 3A and 3B. Comment on the ways in which the action taken by white American students in Source 3B contradicts (goes against) the contents of the bulletin in Source 3A. (2 x 2) (4)
3.4 Study Source 3C.
3.4.1 Quote evidence from the source that suggests that Mrs Helen Conrad supported the integration of Central High School. (1 x 1) (1)
3.4.2 List THREE ways, from the source, in which Robin Woods was different from her classmates. (3 x 1) (3)
3.4.3 In what way was the social code at Central High School violated? (1 x 2) (2)
3.4.4 Using the information in the source and your own knowledge, explain why you would consider this piece of historical evidence useful to a historian doing research on the experiences of the 'Little Rock Nine' at Central High School. (2 x 2) (4)
3.5 Refer to Source 3D.
3.5.1 Why did Ernest Green regard his graduation from Central High School as significant? (2 x 1) (2)
3.5.2 What did Ernest Green imply by the statement that he 'had cracked the wall'? (2 x 2) (4)
3.5.3 How did people who attended the graduation ceremony at Central High School respond when Ernest Green received his diploma? (1 x 2) (2)
3.5.4 Explain, in your own words, Ernest Green's attitude after he received his diploma. (2 x 2) (4)
3.6 Using the information in the relevant sources and your own knowledge, write a paragraph of about EIGHT lines (about 80 words), explaining how Americans reacted to the integration of Central High School in Little Rock in 1957. (8)
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SECTION B: ESSAY QUESTIONS
Answer at least ONE question, but not more than TWO questions, in this SECTION.
Your essay should be about THREE pages long.
QUESTION 4: EXTENSION OF THE COLD WAR: CASE STUDY – VIETNAM
The North Vietnamese and National Liberation Front (Viet Cong) were fighting to liberate their country from American interference. This was arguably the main reason why the Americans failed to defeat them.
Critically discuss this statement in the context of the war that was fought in Vietnam between 1963 and 1973.
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QUESTION 5: INDEPENDENT AFRICA: COMPARATIVE CASE STUDY – THE CONGO AND TANZANIA
Explain to what extent the leadership of Mobutu Sese Seko and Julius Nyerere had an impact on the political and economic development of both the Congo and Tanzania after attaining independence.
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QUESTION 6: CIVIL SOCIETY PROTESTS FROM THE 1950s TO THE 1970s: BLACK POWER MOVEMENT
The Black Panther Party was solely responsible for the emergence of 'Black Power' in the United States of America in the 1960s.
Do you agree with the above statement? Use relevant examples to support your line of argument.
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TOTAL: 150