AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES PAPER 1
GRADE 12
NOVEMBER 2017
MEMORANDUM
NATIONAL SENIOR CETIFICATE

SECTION A
QUESTION 1
1.1
1.1.1 C ✓✓
1.1.2 D ✓✓
1.1.3 A ✓✓
1.1.4 D ✓✓
1.1.5 C ✓✓
1.1.6 B ✓✓
1.1.7 B ✓✓
1.1.8 D ✓✓
1.1.9 A ✓✓
1.1.10 C ✓✓ (10 x 2) (20)
1.2
1.2.1 None ✓✓
1.2.2 Both A and B ✓✓
1.2.3 A only ✓✓
1.2.4 B only ✓✓
1.2.5 A only ✓✓ (5 x 2) (10)
1.3
1.3.1 Popping/micronising/roasting ✓✓
1.3.2 Homoeothermic/endothermic✓✓
1.3.3 Superovulation ✓✓
1.3.4 Buffer ✓✓
1.3.5  Progesterone ✓✓ (5 x 2) (10)
1.4
1.4.1 Cardiac ✓
1.4.2 Blue ✓
1.4.3 Hypoplasia ✓
1.4.4 Amnion ✓
1.4.5 Semen straw ✓ (5 x 1) (5)
TOTAL SECTION A: 45

SECTION B
QUESTION 2: ANIMAL NUTRITION
2.1 An alimentary canal of a farm animal
2.1.1 Classification of the animal
Non-ruminant ✓(1)
2.1.2 Reason visible from the diagram
It has a simple/single/monogastric stomach ✓ (1)
2.1.3 TWO functions of the digestive juice in A

• Changes the pH from acid to alkaline/helps to neutralise the acid from the gastric juices ✓
• Increases the solubility of fats ✓
• Emulsification of fats✓
• Promotes the absorption of fatty acids and glycerol ✓
• Assists with the absorption of fat- soluble vitamins ✓
• Acts as an antiseptic ✓
• Acts as a detoxifying agent ✓
• Activates lipase ✓
• Lubrication of the alimentary canal ✓
• Enhances peristalsis ✓(Any 2) (2)

2.1.4 Enzyme digesting fats
Lipase ✓(1)
2.2 Types of feeds
2.2.1 Classification of feed types

1. - Concentrates ✓(1)
2. - Roughages ✓ (1)

2.2.2 Group of feed type C
Protein rich feeds ✓ (1)
2.2.3 TWO examples of feed type D

• Maize meal ✓
• Oats meal ✓
• Barley meal ✓
• Sorghum meal ✓
• Rye meal ✓
• Wheat meal ✓ (Any 2) (2)

2.2.4 Justification of feeding feeds labelled B to ruminants

• Roughages help to prevent bloating✓
• Supply the necessary bulkiness of their ration✓
• Enhance rumen development and functioning ✓
• Good roughages stimulate production and growth ✓
• Good roughages are a source of minerals ✓ (Any 2) (2)

2.3 Nutritional composition of feeds
2.3.1 Most suitable feed for young growing farm animals
Feed B ✓(1)
2.3.2 Reason for the answer in QUESTION 2.3.1

• Feed has a narrow nutritive ratio ✓
• Rich in proteins necessary for growth ✓
• Has more protein than carbohydrates and fats ✓ (Any 1) (1)

2.3.3 Percentage of digestible non-nitrogen nutrients in feed A
32% + 38% ✓
= 70%✓(2)
2.4 Digestibility of a hay
2.4.1 Comment on the suitability of the hay

• Not suitable ✓(1)
• Reason
• Has a high fibre content/hay is poorly digestible/45% ✓
• Cannot be fed alone/needs supplementation ✓
• Low protein content ✓ (Any 1) (1)

2.4.2 TWO measures to improve the digestibility of hay

• Supplementation with NPN ✓
• Supplementation with molasses ✓
• Treatment with agents that improve its nutritive value ✓
• Milling ✓
• Pelleting ✓
• Softening ✓ (Any 2) (2)

2.5 Fodder flow programme
2.5.1 TWO problems to be encountered by the farmer

• Shortage/deficit of feed is 174 000kg /feed supply during dry season is 216 000kg whilst feed required is 390 000kg✓
• Increased consumption due to pregnancy and lactation ✓ (2)
• 2.5.2 ONE precautionary measure a farmer needs to take
• Store feed/feed reserve for the dry season ✓
• Reschedule the breeding season to fall during wet season ✓
• Reduce the number of animals before dry season/culling ✓
• Good pasture/fodder flow management practises ✓ (Any 1) (1)

2.5.3 Amount of feed required per month
100 x 21kg x 30 = 63 000kg ✓
= 63 000kg ✓
    1000
= 63 tons ✓
OR
360 000kg + 390 000kg = 750 000kg ✓
                                               12
= 62 500kg✓
     1000
= 62,5/63 tons ✓ (3)
2.6 Feed components
2.6.1 Feed nutrient supplying most energy
Fats ✓ (1)
2.6.2 Units of measuring energy
Mega joule/MJ/kilojoule/kJ/Joule/J ✓ (1)
2.6.3 TWO reasons for calculating energy value of feeds to a farmer

• To determine the feeding standards ✓
• To be able to provide a recommended diet ✓
• Helps in the formulation of rations ✓ (Any 2) (2)

2.7 Minerals and vitamins
2.7.1 Completion of missing information

1. Zinc/Zn ✓(1)
2. Metritis/inflammation of the uterus ✓(1)
3. Stiff lamb/muscle dystrophy/white muscle ✓ (1)

2.7.2 Methods of supplementing nutrients

1. Injections/supplementary ration ✓
2. Dissolve them in drinking water/dosing ✓ (2)

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QUESTION 3: ANIMAL PRODUCTION, PROTECTION AND CONTROL
3.1 Pie chart on the size of the area, the number and type of farm animals
3.1.1 Animal under intensive conditions
Sheep ✓ (1)
3.1.2 Reason for the answer in QUESTION 3.1.1

• 100 sheep are kept on a small area ✓
  OR
• A large number of sheep is kept on a small area ✓ (1)

3.1.3 Identification of farm animals

1. Poultry ✓(1)
2. Cattle/goats ✓(1)
3. Sheep/goats ✓ (1)

3.1.4 Calculation of the % of sheep
25 + 100 + 30 + 10 = 165 ✓
= 100 x 100
      165 ✓
= 60, 6/61% ✓ (3)
3.2 Animal diseases
3.2.1 Animal diseases

1. - Anthrax ✓(1)
2. - Vaccination/inoculation ✓(1)
3. - Mosquitoes ✓(1)
4. - Blood stained nasal discharge/abortions/fever ✓(1)
5. - Red/brown urine/fever ✓(1)

3.2.2 Role of the state
Vaccination/inoculation ✓ (1)
3.2.3 TWO duties of stock owners to prevent the spread of deadly diseases

• Burn the carcasses ✓
• Dispose of all the manure/bedding/ other contaminated materials ✓
• Clean/disinfect housing ✓
• Report to the authorities ✓
• Quarantine/isolate affected animals ✓
• Treat animals with antibiotics ✓
• Vaccination/inoculation ✓ (Any 2) (2)

3.3 Measures by the state
3.3.1 Hygiene/legislation ✓ (1)
3.3.2 Quarantine/ban on imports/legislation ✓ (1)
3.3.3 Reporting notifiable disease to authorities/veterinary services/SAPS/ legislation/destroy infected animals ✓ (1)
3.4 Data is captured in a graph
3.4.1 Deduction from the graph the range it took lambs to reach 1,8 kg
From day 8 to 24 ✓ (1)
3.4.2 The tabulation of data
The table below shows the weight gain of lambs over a period of 40 days ✓✓

Criteria/rubric/marking guidelines

• Correct heading ✓
• Correct labelling of days and weight gain ✓
• Populated table ✓
• Correct unit (g) ✓
• Correct reading of the days ✓
• Correct reading of the weight gain ✓ (6)

3.5 Structures, apparatus and appliances used to handle and manage farm animals
3.5.1 Fence ✓ (1)
3.5.2 Rope/halter/immobiliser/chute/crush ✓ (1)
3.5.3 Elastrator/rubber ring/burdizzo/surgical blade/knife ✓ (1)
3.5.4 Shed/housing ✓ (1)
3.6 External parasites
3.6.1 Identification of the external parasite
Mite ✓ (1)
3.6.2 The symptom of a severe infestation of the parasite
Mange/scab ✓ (1)
3.6.3 One visible sign of the symptom mentioned in QUESTION 3.6.2

• Severe itching/rubbing/scratching/skin irritation ✓
• Wool/hair loss ✓
• Dermatitis/inflammation of the skin ✓
• Hairless patches/lersions ✓
• Animal does not feed well/weight loss ✓ (Any 1) (1)

3.6.4 TWO economic implications of the parasite

• Loss in production/income/yield ✓
• Quality of products will be damaged/reduced ✓
• Financial implications/increased cost ✓
• Cost of labour/time consuming ✓ (Any 2) (2)

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QUESTION 4: ANIMAL REPRODUCTION
4.1 A reproductive process occurring in cows
4.1.1 Identification of the process above
Milking/lactation✓ (1)
4.1.2 THREE visible stimuli from the picture

• The milking equipment ✓
• The calf ✓
• Touching of the udder/milker ✓ (3)

4.1.3 Hormone responsible for the contractions of the glandular cavity during the process
Oxytocin ✓ (1)
4.1.4 The reproductive stage that lasts for 282 days in cattle
Pregnancy/gestation ✓ (1)
4.2 Stages of the oestrus cycle
4.2.1 Labels of the phases of oestrus cycle

1. - Oestrus ✓(1)
2. - Di oestrus ✓(1)
3. - Met oestrus ✓(1)
4. - Pro oestrus ✓(1)

4.2.2Indication of the letters representing the stage of oestrus

1. A ✓(1)
2. C ✓(1)

4.3 Process generally used in the reproduction of farm animals
4.3.1 The process illustrated in the diagram
Nuclear transfer/cloning ✓ (1)
4.3.2 Identification of the cells
A - Recipient cell with nucleus/egg cell/ovum✓(1)
B - The nucleus of the donor cell ✓(1)
D - The fused cell ✓(1)
4.3.3 TWO different types of the process

• Reproductive cloning ✓
• Therapeutic cloning ✓ (2)

4.4 Apparatus used in the Artificial Insemination (AI) process
4.4.1 Identification of the apparatus

1. - Artificial vagina ✓(1)
2. - Pistolette✓(1)
3. - Nitrogen flask/canister/tank✓(1)

4.4.2 Function of each apparatus

1. - Collection of semen ✓(1)
2. - For the deposition of semen in the cow during AI ✓(1)
3. - Storage of semen for longer periods ✓(1)

4.4.3 TWO basic requirements for the collection of semen from bulls

• Should be close to a laboratory ✓
• Equipment must be clean/sterilised ✓
• Availability of appropriate equipment/artificial vagina ✓
• Male animal must be clean/healthy ✓
• Warm collecting vial/placed in a water bath/prevent temperature shock ✓
• Personnel must be trained/experienced ✓
• Floor not slippery✓
• Semen must be protected from direct sunlight ✓
• Teaser cows availability ✓ (Any 2) (2)

4.5 Synchronisation schedule of female animals
4.5.1 Identification of the process
Synchronisation of oestrus ✓ (1)
4.5.2 TWO disadvantages of a synchronisation schedule in cattle

• Poor nutrition/body condition/health will affect the process negatively ✓
• Needs good/expensive facilities ✓
• Labour/time intensive ✓
• Involves skilled management and technologies ✓ (Any 2) (2)

4.5.3 TWO techniques used in the synchronisation of female animals

• Synthetic progesterone/progestin/oestradiol ✓
• Co-Synch/gonadotropin/co-synch synchronisation ✓
• Ear patches/implants ✓
• Vaginal insurgents ✓ (Any 2) (2)

4.5.4 Indication of the time (day) when the cows will be inseminated
Day 35 – 40 ✓ (1)
4.6 THREE causes for lack of libido

• Immaturity ✓
• Inexperience ✓
• Diseases ✓
• Underfeeding/overfeeding/malnutrition ✓
• Old age/senility ✓
• Overwork/exhaustion/over exertion ✓
• Improper handling/stress ✓
• Lack of testosterone ✓
• Temperament ✓
• Environment ✓ (Any 3) (3)

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TOTAL SECTION B :105
GRAND TOTAL: 150