CONSUMER STUDIES
GRADE 12 
NSC PAST PAPERS AND MEMOS
FEBRUARY/MARCH 2018

MEMORANDUM 

QUESTION 1: SHORT QUESTIONS 
1.1
1.1.1C✔  Remembering, easy (Focus, p. 171; Successful, p. 191) (1) 
1.1.2 D✔ Applying, easy (Focus, p. 165; Successful, p. 183) (1) 
1.1.3 A✔Applying, moderate (Focus, p. 156; Successful, p. 173) (1) 
1.1.4 C✔ Remembering, moderate (Focus, p. 85; Successful, p. 100) (1) 
1.1.5 B✔ Remembering, easy (Focus, p. 77; Successful, p. 91) (1) 
1.1.6 D✔ Remembering, easy (Focus, p.104; Successful, p.126) (1) 
1.1.7 A✔ Applying, easy (Focus, p. 93; Successful, p. 113) (1) 
1.1.8 D✔Understanding, moderate (Focus, p. 106; Successful, p.128-129)  (1) 
1.1.9  B✔ Understanding, moderate (Focus, p. 49; Successful, p. 50) (1) 
1.1.10 C✔  Understanding, moderate (Focus, p. 56; Successful, p. 59) (1) 
1.1.11 B✔ Remembering, easy (Focus, p. 148; Successful, p. 130) (1) 
1.1.12 D✔ Remembering, easy (Focus, p. 135; Successful, p. 153) (1) 
1.1.13 B✔ Remembering, easy (Focus, p. 127; Successful, p. 146) (1) 
1.1.14 A✔ Understanding, easy (Focus, p. 134; Successful, p. 156) (1) 
1.1.15 D✔Analysing, moderate (Focus, p. 142; Successful, p. 157) (1) 
1.1.16 C✔ Remembering, easy (Focus, p. 19; Successful, p. 23) (1) 
1.1.17 A✔  Remembering, easy (Focus, p. 16; Successful, p. 21) (1) 
1.1.18 D✔ Understanding, difficult (Focus, p. 15; Successful, p.13) (1) 
1.1.19 A✔Understanding, moderate (Focus, p. 15; Successful, p. 13) (1)
1.1.20 D✔Understanding, moderate (Focus, p. 8; Successful, p. 12) 

1.2
1.2.1Grey goods/parallel imports✔ (Focus, p. 158; Successful, p. 176)  (1) 
1.2.2 Scam/phishing/online scam✔  (Focus, p. 159; Successful, p. 177)  (1) 
1.2.3 Cooling-off period✔ (Focus, p. 157; Successful, p. 173)  (1) 
1.2.4 Stokvel/Grocery club✔ (Focus, p. 161; Successful, p. 177)  (1) 
Understanding, moderate 

1.3
1.3.1 skilled✔ (Focus, p. 25; Successful, p. 17)  (1) 
1.3.2 fixed✔ (Focus, p. 38; Successful, p. 36)  (1) 
1.3.3 feasibility study✔  (Focus, p. 35-40; Successful, p. 35, 42)  (1) 
Understanding, easy 

1.4
1.4.1 C✔ (Focus, p.130; Successful, p.149)  (1) 
1.4.2  D✔ (Focus, p.118; Successful, p.137)  (1) 
1.4.3  A✔ (Focus, p.119; Successful, p.138)  (1) 
1.4.4  B✔ (Focus, p.122; Successful, p.140)  (1) 
Understanding, moderate 

1.5B✔ 
C✔ 
E✔ 
H✔  (Any order) (4)

Applying, moderate (Focus, pages 49, 53-54; Successful, pages 51, 61-62, Grade 11) 

1.6 D✔ 
E✔ 
F✔ 
H✔ 
I✔ (Any order) (5)

Analysing, difficult (Focus, pages 75-77, 79, 84-85, 95; Successful, pages 85, 89-91, 93- 94, 100-111) [40]

QUESTION 2: THE CONSUMER 
2.1
2.1.1

• Inflation is the rise/increase in the price of goods and  services✔over a specific period/in a year.✔ (2) 

Remembering easy (Focus page 167; Successful page 184) 
2.1.2

• Inflation decreases the purchasing power of the Rand.✔
• Fewer goods/services can be bought with the same amount of  money/due to decreased value of the Rand.✔
• Goods and services will be more expensive.✔  (Any 2) (2)

Remembering moderate (Focus page 167; Successful page 185) 
2.1.3

• Pay as you earn/PAYE✔ 
• Provisional tax/tax from irregular income earners✔  (2) 

Remembering, easy (Focus, page 163; Successful, page 181) 
2.1.4

• The levy/fuel tax is used for the Road Accident Fund/Third  party victims of motor vehicle accidents compensation.✔  (1) 

Remembering, easy (Focus, page 165; Successful, page 182) 
2.1.5

• Food producers using petrol/diesel in the production process  may have an increase in the production costs.✔
• Wholesalers and retailers will then increase their food prices,  to make a profit✔  therefore consumers will have to spend more  of their income on food.✔ 
• Imported food prices may also increase as a result of the  increased petrol/diesel/transport costs. (Any 3) (3) 

Applying, difficult (Focus, page 165; Successful page 182) 

2.2
2.2.1

• Neo should not flush/dispose old medication/dirty soapy water down the toilet/dispose it in an acceptable ethical manner.✔ 
• He should use environmentally safe/friendly cleaning agents.✔  (2) 

Understanding, moderate (Focus, page 180-181; Successful page 198) 
2.3
2.3.1

• Supplying household water✔ 
• Refuse removal✔ 
• Sanitation/Sewage collection/disposal✔  (Any 2) (2) 

Understanding, easy (Focus, page 183-184; Successful, page 202-203) 
2.3.2

• Yes✔ 
• Jake never defaulted in paying for municipal services/water/ electricity/rates/taxes.✔  (2) 

Applying, easy (Focus, page 183-184; Successful, page 202-203)

2.3.3

• Jake fulfilled his responsibility as a consumer✔  he paid for the  consumption of his services/electricity✔  from the municipality.
• The municipality did not fulfil✔  its responsibility of service  delivery towards Jake as far as electricity is concerned.✔ 
• The service provider/supplied electricity for certain periods✔  but cut the electricity supply because the municipality did not  pay the service provider.✔  (Any 2 x2) (4) 

Analysing, difficult (Focus, page 185; Successful, page 205/Scenario) [20]

QUESTION 3: FOOD AND NUTRITION 
3.1

• Use salt sparingly/reduce the amount of salt in your diet/no more than  one teaspoon of salt should be consumed per day/herbs and spices can  be used to flavour food instead of salt .✔ 
• Cut down on the consumption of processed foods/salty foods/smoked  meat/bacon/macon/biltong/potato crisps/salted nuts/salted popcorn.✔ 
• Watch your weight/lose weight✔  if overweight/limit saturated  fat/carbohydrate intake to prevent weight gain.
• Consume enough calcium/potassium/magnesium.✔ 
• Limit the consumption of alcohol.✔ 
• Cut down on the intake of coffee and tea.✔ 
• Eat a healthy diet low in saturated fats and cholesterol.✔ 
• Eat plenty of fresh fruit and vegetables.✔ 
• Choose high-fibre whole-grain cereals rather than refined cereal  products.✔ 
• Use low-fat or skimmed dairy products.✔  (Any 5) (5)

Remembering, easy (Focus, page 77; Successful, page 87-88) 
3.2

• Inadequate iron intake/not enough iron-rich foods.✔ 
• Lost through bleeding during heavy menstruation✔ 
• A bleeding ulcer/blood loss after an injury/nose bleeding✔ 
• Poor absorption of iron.✔ 
• Chronic kidney disease.✔  (Any 4) (4)

Remembering, moderate (Focus, page 76; Successful, page 91) 
3.3

• Foods with a high GI tend to be digested fast✔ and thus supply a sudden/rapid  rise✔  in blood-glucose levels. This provides instant energy.✔ This triggers  the excessive release/over secretion of insulin✔  to stimulate the removal of glucose from the bloodstream. The sudden removal of glucose then causes  the blood glucose level to drop quickly.✔  This then leaves the blood with too  little glucose for immediate energy.✔  (Any 2)
• Low GI food is digested slowly✔  thus the glucose is supplied/released gradually/slowly/steadily✔ into the blood stream. This means there is a  steady/continuous supply of glucose for energy✔ for a prolonged time/over a  long period.✔  The pancreas is not stimulated to produce too much insulin.✔  (Any 2) (4)

Understanding, moderate (Focus, page 71; Successful, page 77) 
NOTE: Learners can get a maximum of 2 marks for the explanation of high GI foods  and a maximum of 2 marks for the explanation of low GI foods. 
NOTE: One mark must be deducted if the answer is not written in paragraph format.

3.4
3.4.1 Potato crisps exchanged with popcorn 

• Crisps are high in fat✔  and trans fatty acids.✔ Popcorn is lower  in fat and does not contain trans fatty acids.✔ therefor it has a  lower impact/deposits less fat in the arteries/lessens blockage  of arteries✔ and contributes to a healthier heart. ✔ 
• Total fat and trans fatty acids increase cholesterol levels.✔  (Any 2) (2) 

Understanding, moderate (Focus, page 74-75; Successful, page 84-85) 
3.4.2 Butter exchanged with canola oil for food preparation 

• Saturated fat increases low density lipoprotein levels (LDL)  which carry cholesterol to the arteries where it is deposited.✔  This increases cholesterol levels which may lead to  atherosclerosis (is a risk factor for coronary heart disease)✔ 
• Canola oil is high in (mono) unsaturated fat.✔  This increases  high density lipoprotein levels (HDL) which carry cholesterol to  the liver where it is excreted from the body.✔  This decreases  cholesterol levels, which is beneficial for heart health.✔  (Any 4) (4) 

Understanding, moderate (Focus, page 74-75; Successful, page 84-85)
3.4.3 White, refined flour exchanged with brown, whole wheat flour 

• Whole wheat flour contains more fibre.✔ Fibre has a  cholesterol-lowering effect✔ and thus less cholesterol deposits  in the arteries thus a healthier heart. (2) 

Understanding, moderate (Focus, page 74-75; Successful, page 84-85) 
3.5
3.5.1

• E.coli infection✔  (1)

Understanding, moderate (Focus, page 90; Successful, page 106) 
3.5.2

• The best approach is to rest.✔ 
• Prevent dehydration✔ by drinking plenty of fluids/good quality  water to replace the fluid lost as a result of diarrhoea.✔ 
• Do not take anti-diarrheal medication/medication to stop the  diarrhoea✔  as this would prevent the person’s intestines from  getting rid of the E.coli bacteria/as the body needs to get rid of  the germ as soon as possible.✔ 
• People who become seriously dehydrated may need to be hospitalised✔  so that they can be given fluids by drip/have  fluids and electrolytes put into their veins intravenously.✔  (Any 4) (4) 

Understanding, moderate (Focus, page 90; Successful, page 107)
3.5.3

• The raw milk could have been contaminated✔as it was not  pasteurised.✔
• The meat could have been contaminated during slaughtering✔ and when the meat was minced, germs could have been  mixed throughout the mince.✔
• The mince could have been undercooked✔as they ran out of gas while preparing lunch.✔
• The vegetables could have been contaminated with animal faeces/dung✔as famers used organic ways of farming/no pesticides/herbicides for their crops.✔
• The vegetables may not have been washed well/properly/ washed in possible contaminated water from the dam.✔
• The buckets of drinking water could✔ have been possible contaminated dam water. (Any 5) (5) 

Applying, moderate (Focus, page 90; Successful, page 106-107) 
3.6
3.6.1

• Bulimia/bulimia nervosa✔  (1)

Understanding, easy (Focus, page 82; Successful, page 95) 
3.6.2 (a) Psychological treatment 

• Sonia will need counseling✔ and support from family and  friends for depression and feelings of guilt.✔
• She may need to get medication for depression/  anti-depressants.✔
• The treatment must address Sonia’s feelings of guilt and  psychological needs✔so that her physical health✔and  normal eating pattern can be restored.✔ (Any 4) (4) 

Related Items

(b) Nutritional education and treatment 

• Nutritional education/a dietician will guide her on her eating habit and behavioral management.✔ This will assist her to stop binge eating/eating large amounts of  food/purging.✔This will result in healthier alternatives to  manage/stabilise/control her weight.✔
• Sonia will be encouraged to eat a balanced diet✔ with enough carbohydrate✔and fats✔ to give her energy and  proteins to sustain the body.✔ (Any 4) (4) 

Analysing, difficult (Focus, page 82; Successful, page 96) [40]

QUESTION 4: CLOTHING 
4.1

• Economic factors: inflation/recessions/depression/wealth/poverty✔
• Social factors: geographical/living patterns/educational level/wars/ disasters/religious beliefs/current events/fashion show /lifestyle✔ / Consumers get bored/need something new✔ /Blurring of gender  boundaries/unisex clothing✔
• Technological factors: new textiles/new manufacturing methods/better  communication methods✔ / Need for sustainability/eco-fashion✔ 
• Political/judicial climate: laws/trading regulations✔  (Any 4) (4)

Remembering, easy (Focus, page 49, 51; Successful, page 53-55) 
4.2

• The fashion reaches the height of popularity. ✔
• Many people wear it. ✔ 
• It is produced in growing numbers/mass produced. ✔
• Advertised by clothing stores in magazines/window displays.✔ (Any 2) (2)

Remembering, easy (Focus, page 63; Successful, page 68) 
4.3

• Versatile items can be worn in more than one season.✔ 
• Versatile items can be easily mixed-and-matched.✔  This extends your  wardrobe/ensures that you get lots of use out of them.✔ (Any 2) (2)

Understanding, easy (Focus, page 55; Successful, page 62) 
4.4

• Standard fashion trends form the basis of the wardrobe for the world of  work✔ can add interest✔ /can be updated/complimented with new  accessories/changing hemlines/collars/sleeves✔ and should be less  expensive items such as shirts.✔
• Classic styles should form the basis/foundation/80%✔  of a wardrobe for  work as they are timeless/long lasting/good quality.✔
• Fashion fads can add interest✔  in the form of accessories/jewelry/  scarves/ties/shoes.✔ The basic items should not be fashion fads✔  as they  are short-lived/are in fashion for a short time.✔  Fashion fads often do not  look professional/can change basic items/new look to be fashionable✔ and saves money✔  (3 x 2) (6)

Applying, moderate (Focus, page 49. 52, 53; Successful, page 62)
4.5
4.5.1 Weather conditions: 

• In summer when it is very hot/hot✔ John will have to choose  light weight✔ pants/tops/shirts. 
• He has to choose fabrics such as cotton/linen✔  that can  breathe/let air through✔ in order to release perspiration/not  retain perspiration/sweat.✔
• He may also need protective clothes against elements of the weather✔such as a hat/cap/raincoat (on rainy days)/head gear  for protection.✔ (Any 2 x 2)(4) 

4.5.2 Colour of clothing: 

• John must choose light/tint colours✔that will not show dirt  easily/khaki/light blue/light green for summer as it reflects  light✔and will look✔and feel cool.✔ (Any 2) (2) 

Analysing, difficult (Successful p 59; Focus p 56-57) [20]
QUESTION 5: HOUSING 
5.1

• By paying wages and salaries that will enable the employees to pay rent  and save towards buying their own homes.✔ 
• By giving employees the option of staying in company-owned houses at a  lower rent/rent out company-owned houses to employees.✔ 
• By assisting in arranging home loans.✔ 
• By assisting with the purchase of building materials/by buying building  materials in bulk.✔ 
• By helping employees to use their pensions/provident funds as collateral  for loans.✔ 
• Provide employees with a monthly housing allowance/subsidy.✔ 
• Subsidise part of the interest on an employee’s home loan.✔ 
• Offer guarantees to lenders on an employee’s housing loan.✔ 
• Help with relocating costs.✔ 
• Provide housing consumer education and advice to employees.✔  (Any 5) (5)

Understanding, easy (Focus, page 132; Successful, page 150) 
5.2

• Bond/Mortgage protection insurance:✔  Life insurance to settle the home  loan if something unexpected should happen to the buyer./ Covers repayments if the bondholder is unable to pay the bond  instalments as a result of death, retrenchment or disability.✔ 
• Homeowner’s (comprehensive) insurance:✔  Cover any losses should the  home structure suffer damage as a result of a natural disaster/ storm/flood/an accident/a burst geyser/political unrest/fire.✔  (2 x 2) (4) Remembering, easy

(Focus, page 127-128; Successful, page 145) 
5.3
5.3.1

• Sectional title✔  (1)

Remembering, easy (Focus, page 122; Successful, page 140) 
5.3.2

• A tax✔ collected by the Receiver of Revenue on behalf of the  government.✔  The tax is paid every time a property changes  hands.✔  It is based on the value of the property.✔ (Any 3) 

OR 

• It is a government tax✔ on the property to transfer it to the  buyer’s name✔  and is based on the value of the property.✔  (3)

Remembering, easy (Focus, page 128; Successful, page 146)
5.3.3

• The apartment is bought from a developer.✔ 
• It doesn’t get transferred from one owner to the next/the  property is not changing hands✔  as there is no previous  owner.✔  (Any 2) (2) 

Understanding, easy (Focus, page 128; Successful, page 146) 
5.3.4

• To pay for the security,✔  which include salaries of the guards✔  and electric fencing.✔
• To maintain the communal facilities✔  such as the (rooftop  splash) pool,✔  gym,✔  braai facilities✔  and common  entertainment area.✔ (Any 4) (4) 

Remembering, easy (Focus, page 140; Successful, page 122) 
5.3.5

• It is cheaper to buy from a new development as no transfer  duty is payable.✔  This saves money/ensures a larger profit  when it is sold.✔ 
• As it is a brand new apartment, no/very little maintenance✔  will  have to be done in the first few years. This saves  money/ensures a larger profit when it is sold✔ 
• As it is near the university, it will be easy for the owner to find  tenants/ students to rent the apartment.✔ 
• Once the bond is paid off, the owner/landlord can earn a good,  steady income if the apartments are rented out.✔ 
• The value of the apartment will increase over time✔   and thus  have a greater value. ✔ 
• The owner will be able to sell the apartment for a profit✔ over  the long-term/after a few years.
• The apartment can form part of the owner’s estate after his/her  death,✔ so they will benefit from the investment/benefit from  the increased value of the property✔ /can inherit the property✔ .  (Any 8) (8) 

Applying, difficult (Focus, page 122; Successful, page 141) 
5.4
5.4.1

• Read the warranty.✔ 
• Follow the manufacturer’s instructions.✔ 
• Do not complain if the instructions were not followed.✔ 
• Fill in the registration card and return to the manufacturer.✔ 
• Keep/read the warranty/keep receipts in a safe place.✔ 
• Record serial numbers in the instruction book.✔ 
• Use all of the features of the microwave oven several times  during the warranty period to make sure that it continues to  operate as it should✔  (Any 3) (3) 

Understanding, easy (Focus, page 150; Successful, page 165)
5.4.2

• Although the convection microwave oven is expensive✔ , it is  cheaper than buying a microwave oven and an oven/the young  working adult gets two appliances in one.✔ 
• The convection microwave oven saves space✔ as the young  working adult doesn’t need a separate space for the  convection oven as the kitchen is very small.✔ 
• The diverse/different cooking modes help to cook food  quicker✔  and this saves time.*✔ 
• The diverse/different cooking modes help to achieve a better  texture/appearance✔  than using a standard microwave oven.
• The diverse/different cooking modes will enable the young  working adult to experiment✔  with different dishes as it is  possible to make/produce a variety of dishes✔  such as  cooking, baking and making yoghurt.✔ 
• The diverse/different cooking modes/different power levels are  convenient✔  help to reduce energy usage/saves electricity  costs.✔ 
• The enamel cavity/interior/steam clean makes it easy to  clean,✔  this saves time considering he/she is working long  hours.*✔ 
• The oven is easy to operate✔ thus no problems wasting time  getting to know how to operate/work the oven. ✔ 
• The Smart Sensor technology makes it easy to cook✔  food to  perfection. The Smart Sensor technology saves time*✔  as the  young adult doesn’t have to set the cooking time and power.  (Any 5) (5 x 2) (10) 

Evaluating, difficult (Focus, page 141; Successful, page 159-160) 
NOTE: The positives in the scenario overshadow the negatives thus only a positive  response in the memo. 
Saving time* can only be awarded a mark once. [40]

QUESTION 6: ENTREPRENEURSHIP 
6.1

• Cost-based pricing✔ 
• Demand-based pricing✔
• Competitive pricing✔ 
• Market skimming pricing✔ 
• Premium pricing✔
• Value-for-money pricing✔
• Undercut pricing✔ (Any 3) (3)

Remembering, easy (Focus, page 32; Successful, page 31) 
6.2

• To create awareness/attract customers.✔
• Create interest in the product/service.✔
• Create a desire for the product/service/persuade/convince consumers to  buy the product/promote the use the service.✔
• Expand the market to new customers.✔
• Announce modification/expansion of the product/service/business.✔
• Provide information about the product/service/business.✔
• Maintain/improve sales.✔ (Any 3)(3)

Remembering, easy (Focus, page 31; Successful page 30) 
6.3

• To ensure there are enough raw materials available✔ to produce the  required products for a given time.✔
• To minimize the cost of storing the completed products✔ because more products have been made than required/prevent over stocking of raw  materials.✔
• The correct quality of raw materials is purchased for the product✔ and  thus reduces wastage.✔
• To prevent stock exceeding the sell by date in storage✔and become of a  poorer quality for the buyer✔ prevent loss of income for the producer.✔
• To avoid cash flow problems as a result of money invested in  unused/excess stock✔ thus running out of cash flow for other pressing  needs.✔ (Any 3)   (3 x 2) (6) 

Remembering, moderate (Focus, page 19; Successful, page 23)
6.4
6.4.1

• Quantity/weight/kg of the meat✔
• Ingredients/spices/marinade/additives used✔
• Date stamps/manufacturing/use-by/best before date✔
• Heating/storage instructions✔ 
• Serving suggestions✔ 
• Nutritional information✔
• Name/Trade name/Farm Inn and address of the business✔
• Contact details/email address✔ (Any 4) (4)

Remembering, easy (Focus, page 29, 97; Successful, page 29, 117) 
6.4.2

• He sells a variety of raw meats and char-grilled meats.✔
• Customers can order char-grilled meat and collect it to take  away.✔
• The restaurant/butcher is the first of its kind in his  community./There is no other butchery/restaurant in a  shopping mall that sells char-grilled meat to take away/allow  sit-in meals.✔
• He produces meat on his farms✔ and does not need to pay  prices demanded by other meat producers✔.
• His restaurant caters for sit-in char-grilled meat meals.✔
• The product/meat/restaurant/service is of good/high quality.✔
• He employs skilled personnel✔ consumers can be assured of  good service.✔
• It offers consumers the convenience of not having to char-grill  meat themselves at home.✔ (Any 4) (4) 

Applying, moderate (Focus, page 13; Successful, page 11) 
6.4.3

• Hygiene of the workers will prevent food contamination✔ through micro-organisms✔that could result in food-borne diseases.✔
• It will ensure that the meat/food served/sold is safe✔and  healthy for the customers/consumer.✔ he is known/has the  reputation for selling good quality meat✔ (Any 2) (2) 

Understanding, moderate (Focus, page 18; Successful, page 22)
6.4.4 (a) (b) 

• Routine/preventative maintenance will prevent the machinery  from breaking down,✔ does not result in break-down in  production✔ loss of earnings prevented.✔
• Corrective maintenance production will stop/lower  income/profit✔as machinery is only fixed if it breaks down.✔ A stop in production will lead to lower stock levels/char-grilled  meat and this will cause a lower income/profit. (Any 2) (4) 

Applying, moderate (Focus, page 25; Successful, page 25) 
6.4.5

• R6.00 + R8.00 + R12.00 = R26.00✔
  R26.00 x 10✔ = R260.00✔
  R260.00 x 80%✔ = R208.00✔
  R260.00 + R208.00 = R468.00✔

OR 

• (R6.00 x10) + (R8.00 x10) + (R12.00 x10) 
  = R60.00✔ + R80.00✔ + R120.00✔
  = R260.00
  R260.00 x 80%✔ = R208.00✔
  R260.00 + R208.00 = R468.00✔ (6)

Applying, moderate (Focus, page 37-38; Successful, page 39-40) 
NOTE: NO mark must be given for the selling price of R468.00 if there is not an R. 
6.5.6

• He has business skills✔has a business management  degree✔he employs skilled personnel –waiters/chef/butcher✔
• The meat/product/service meets the needs of the target  market✔ as it can be bought raw/char-grilled, eaten in the  Farm Inn restaurant/ordered for collection and take-away.✔
• His business/product has a competitive edge✔as it is the only  butchery that sells char-grilled meat which can be ordered and  collected for take away.✔
• The customers are prepared to pay the prices✔because of the  good quality of meat✔and the convenience of not having to  char-grill meat themselves.✔
• The location of the business is suitable✔as the Farm Inn  restaurant is in an upmarket shopping mall/the butchery is in  the local town.✔
• He had enough capital/start-up money✔as he inherited an existing small cattle farm.✔ (Any 4 x 2) (8) 

Analysing, difficult (Focus, page 7–8; Successful, page 10–12) 

[40] 
TOTAL: 200