GEOGRAPHY
PAPER 2
GRADE 12 
NSC PAST PAPERS AND MEMOS
FEBRUARY/MARCH 2018

RESOURCE MATERIAL 

1. An extract from topographical map 2627CD PARYS. 
2. Orthophoto map 2627 CD 19 PARYS.
3. NOTE: The resource material must be collected by schools for their own use. 

INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION 

1. Write your EXAMINATION NUMBER and CENTRE NUMBER in the spaces  on the cover page. 
2. Answer ALL the questions in the spaces provided in this question paper.
3. You are provided with a 1 : 50 000 topographical map (2627CD PARYS) and  an orthophoto map (2627 CD 19 PARYS) of a part of the mapped area. 
4. You must hand the topographical map and the orthophoto map to the  invigilator at the end of this examination session. 
5. You may use the blank page at the back of this question paper for all rough  work and calculations. Do NOT detach this page from the question paper.
6. Show ALL calculations and use supplied formulae, where applicable. Marks  will be allocated for these. 
7. Indicate the correct unit of measurement in the final answer of calculations.  NO marks will be allocated for answers with incorrect units. 
8. You may use a non-programmable calculator and a magnifying glass.
9. The area demarcated in RED on the topographic map represents the area  covered by the orthophoto map. 
10. The following English terms and their Afrikaans translations are shown on the  topographical map:
    ENGLISH
    • Aerodrome 
    • Caravan Park 
    • Diggings 
    • Golf Course 
    • Gap 
    • Holiday Resort
    • Island 
    • Purification Plant 
    • River 
    • Sewage Works
    • Woodlands 

MEMORANDUM 

QUESTION 1: MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS 

1.1
1.2 D
1.3 C
1.4 B
1.5 A
1.6 C
1.7 A
1.8 D
1.9 B
1.10 C
1.11 B/D
1.12 D
1.13 D
1.14 B
1.15 B (15 x 1) [15]

QUESTION 2: MAP CALCULATIONS AND TECHNIQUES 
2.1 Calculate, in km2, the area highlighted in RED on the topographical map, which  indicates the area covered by the orthophoto map. Show ALL calculations.  Marks will be awarded for calculations. 
Formula: Area =length ×breadth 

•  = (9.9 ✔ cm x 0.5 km) (7.4 ✔ cm x 0.5 km) [9.8 – 10] [7.3 – 7.5] 
  = 4.95 ✔ km x 3.7✔ km [4.9 km – 5.0 km] [3.65 km – 3.75 km] 
  = 18.32 km² ✔
  Range: [17.89 km² – 18.75 km²] (5 x 1) (5)

2.2 Refer to lines 11–12 on the orthophoto map, which loosely follow a hiking trail.  
2.2.1 Calculate the average gradient between 11–12. Show ALL  calculations. Marks will be awarded for calculations.  

• VI = 1 400 m – 1 380 m                                                   V = 1 400 m – 1 380 m 
  = 20 m ✔                                                                             = 20 m ✔
  HE = 10.3 cm ✔ x 100                    OR                              HE = 10.3 cm x 10 000 
                                                                                                               100 
  = 1 030 m ✔                                                                         = 1 030 m ✔
  [Measurement range: 10.2 cm – 10.4 cm] 
  [Distance range: 1 020 m – 1 040 m] 
  G =   20                                              (For correct substitution)  G =    20    
       1 030 ✔                                                                                        1 030 ✔
  = 1                                                                                                     =  1       
   51.5                                                                                                   51.5 
  = 1 : 51.5/1 in 51.5✔                                                                   = 1 : 51.5/1 in 51.5 ✔
  Range [1 : 51 – 1 : 52] (5 x 1) (5) 

2.2.2 Give evidence from the orthophoto map to show that the average  gradient calculated in QUESTION 2.2.1 is NOT a true reflection of the  real landscape.  

• The contour lines between 11 and 12 are not equally spaced/equal  distance apart ✔
• The changes in the spacing between the contour lines show changes  in the gradient ✔
• From 11 it starts of extremely gentle and thereafter it gets steeper as  we move to 12/Contour lines at 11 are far apart and close together at  12✔
• Between 11 and 12 the slope is concave ✔
  [Any TWO] (2 x 1) (2) 

2.2.3 The hiking trail is recommended for novice (first-time) hikers. Give ONE  reason evident in your answer to QUESTION 2.2.1 to support this  statement. 

• The average gradient is gentle/not steep/1 : 51.5 ✔
• For every 51.5 m moving forward you only rise by 1 m ✔
  [Any ONE] (1 x 1) (1) 

2.3 Refer to the information about the magnetic declination of Parys found on the  topographical map.  
2.3.1 Calculate the magnetic declination of Parys for 2018. Show ALL  calculations. Marks will be awarded for calculations.  

• Difference in years: 2018 – 2011 = 7 years ✔
  Mean annual change: 2' W ✔
  Total change: 7 x 2' W = 14' W ✔
  Magnetic declination for 2018: 18 º52' W + ✔ 14' W
  = 19 º06' West of True North (5 x 1) (5)

2.3.2 Compare the magnetic declination for 2018 to the magnetic declination  for 2011 and indicate which one is bigger. 

• 2018 is bigger ✔
• 19⁰ 06’W is bigger than 18⁰ 52’W ✔
  [Any ONE] (1 x 1) (1)

2.3.3 Give ONE reason for your answer to QUESTION 2.3.2. 

• The mean annual change is westwards ✔
• The angle between the true and the magnetic north has increased since 2011 ✔
• As the years increase, we add to the magnetic declination ✔
• The mean annual change since 2011 must be added which makes it  bigger ✔
  [Any ONE] (1 x 1) (1) [20]

QUESTION 3: APPLICATION AND INTERPRETATION 
3.1 Refer to block B2. 
3.1.1 State the climatological factor that affected the location of the  woodlands (plantation) in block B2 

• Aspect of slope/South facing slope ✔ (1 x 1) (1) 

3.1.2 Explain how the climatological factor stated in QUESTION 3.1.1  benefits the growth of the trees in the woodlands.  

• Less evaporation from the soil ✔✔
• Soil moisture content is higher ✔✔
• Less direct sunlight (shadow zone) ✔✔
• Slope is cooler ✔✔
  [Any TWO] (2 x 2) (4) 

3.1.3 Evaluate how topography influenced the location of the woodlands in  block B2.  

• Woodlands/plantations can be located on steep slopes ✔✔
• The felling of trees can occur on steep slopes ✔✔
  [Any ONE] (1 x 2) (2)

3.2 Refer to the meander and slopes 13 and 14 on the orthophoto map. 3.2.1 Name the slopes of meanders 13 and 14 respectively. 

• Slope 13: Slip-off/convex/depositional slope ✔
• Slope 14 Undercut/concave/erosional slope ✔ (2 x 1) (2)

3.2.2 Explain how slope 13 could have increased the size of Grooteiland.  

• At slope 13/the slip-off slope deposition occurred which has increased  the size of Grooteiland ✔✔
• The constant building up of sediments on slope 13 ✔✔
  [Any ONE] (1 x 2) (2) 

3.2.3 Discuss why the geomorphological activity at slope 14 may cause the  inhabitants of the settlements along the river to take precautionary  measures to protect their properties in the future.  

• At slope 14/the undercut slope we have erosion/undercutting and the river bank is in danger of collapsing into the river ✔✔ (1 x 2) (2)

3.3 Refer to the street patterns at P and at T in blocks H7 and I9. 
3.3.1 Name the predominant street patterns at P and T. 

• P Grid iron/Rectangular✔
• T: (Planned) Irregular ✔ (2) 

3.3.2 Would area P or area T experience more traffic congestion? Give a reason for your answer. 

• Answer: T ✔
  • Reason: The accessibility in and out of T is limited ✔✔  
  •  Only a few roads link area T to the surrounding areas ✔✔
  • Many roads intersecting over very short distances✔✔
  • There are a more intersections in area T ✔✔
  • P is more accessible ✔✔
  •  More roads linking area P to the surrounding areas ✔✔
  • Roads intersecting over greater distances with one  another✔✔
  •  There are fewer intersections in area P✔✔
     [Any ONE] (1 + 2) (3) 

3.4 Refer to blocks E1, F1 and F2 on the topographical map. Explain the role of the  trees found along the banks of the Vaal River. 

• The trees stabilise the river banks ✔✔
• Trees trap soil and prevent soil erosion ✔✔
• The trees assist in the development of a levee which reduces flooding ✔✔
• The trees act as a buffer zone ✔✔
• Creates shade for camping, fishing, picnicking, etc. ✔✔
• Windbreak to protect cultivated lands ✔✔
  [Any ONE] (1 x 2) (2) 

3.5 The Vredefort Dome and Crater are tourist attractions associated with the town  of Parys. Evaluate the positive economic impact of the Vredefort Dome and  Crater on the economy of Parys. 

• It is a World Heritage Site which will bring international tourists to the area and  this will increase the business in Parys ✔✔
• Tourism and an increase in business (accept examples) will increase  employment opportunities✔✔
• The farmers will benefit because they will provide more farming products to the  hospitality industry ✔✔  
• The buying power and standard of living of the local people will improve  because they earn more money ✔✔
• There will be an increase in the accessibility due to the development of  infrastructure ✔✔
• Will give Parys international recognition, bringing in more foreign investment✔✔
    [Any TWO] (2 x 2) (4)

3.6 Refer to industrial area U in block I8. 
3.6.1 Is industrial area U a heavy or light industrial zone?  

• Heavy✔  (1 x 1) (1)

3.6.2 Give ONE reason for your answer to QUESTION 3.6.1.  

• It is near the bulk transport/railway line ✔
• (Less pollution) on the outskirts of the town ✔
• It is situated on flat land✔
• There is sufficient space for expansion ✔
• It is situated near the low income area for labour supply ✔
• Situated close to the market ✔
• Close to power source/electricity line ✔
• Close to raw material/diggings ✔
  [Any ONE] (1 x 1) (1) [25] 

QUESTION 4: GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS (GIS) 
4.1 Refer to the protected area in block H7.  
4.1.1 Is the process during which an area is demarcated known as data  layering or buffering?  

• Buffering ✔ (1 x 1) (1) 

4.1.2 Give reasons, evident on the topographical map, for the location of the  protected area.  

• It forms a buffer between the sewerage works and the built up area at  W ✔✔
• It forms a buffer between the bad odours of the sewerage works and  the built up area at W ✔✔
• It forms a buffer between the built up area at W and the cemetery/ It  forms a buffer between the built up area at W, which can be noisy and  the cemetery ✔✔
• Prevents urban sprawl into the rural-urban fringe ✔✔
  [Any TWO] (2 x 2) (4)

4.2 Attribute data provides useful information in a GIS.  
4.2.1 Define the term attribute data. 

• It is descriptive information of any feature/object ✔
  [Concept] (1 x 1) (1)

4.2.2 Discuss TWO attributes that influenced the location of the hospital in  block G9. 

• It is near the arterial route making it more accessible ✔✔
• It is on the outskirts of the city/in the rural urban fringe where it is  relatively quiet ✔✔  
• It is built on flat land and there is space for further expansion ✔✔  
  [Any TWO] (2 x 2) (4)

4.3 Refer to the orthophoto map. 
4.3.1 The orthophoto map has a medium resolution. Does this mean that the  orthophoto map has a high level of clarity? 

• No ✔ (1 x 1) (1)

4.3.2 Explain your answer to QUESTION 4.3.1.  

• Fewer pixels have been used thus the orthophoto map is not very  clear ✔✔
• The features on the orthophoto map are not very clear/fuzzy ✔✔
  [Any ONE] (1 x 2) (2) 

4.3.3 Suggest ways in which data manipulation can improve the quality of  the orthophoto map. 

• Making it lighter so features can be identified ✔✔
• Making it smaller so features can be clearer ✔✔  
• Add more descriptive labels ✔✔
• Making the image sharper in order to make it clearer ✔✔
  [Any ONE] (1 x 2) (2) [15] 

TOTAL: 75